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B-cell-targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第2期10卷 133-142页

作者： Vera Sau-Fong Chan Helen Hoi-Lun Tsang rachel chun-yee tam Liwei Lu Chak-Sing Lau Department of Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Pathology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Autoreactive B cells are one of the key immune cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. In addition to the production of harmful auto-antibodies （auto-Abs）, B cells prime autoreactive T cells as antigen-presenting cells and secrete a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have both autocrine and paracrine effects. Agents that modulate B cells may therefore be of potential therapeutic value. Current strategies include targeting B-cell surface antigens, cytokines that promote B-cell growth and functions, and B- and T-cell interactions. In this article, we review the role of B cells in SLE in animal and human studies, and we examine previous reports that support B-cell modulation as a promising strategy for the treatment of this condition. In addition, we present an update on the clinical trials that have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of agents that antagonize CD20, CD22 and B-lymphocyte stimulator （BLyS） in human SLE. While the results of many of these studies remain inconclusive, belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody against BLyS, has shown promise and has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an indicated therapy for patients with mild to moderate SLE. Undoubtedly, advances in B-cell immunology will continue to lead us to a better understanding of SLE pathogenesis and the development of novel specific therapies that target B cells.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus B-cell autoimmunity therapy

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A prospective cohort of men with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance protocol in Hong Kong,China:what did we learn?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 245-249页

作者： Xiaobo Wu Ivan Ching-Ho Ko Cindy Yeuk-Lam Hong Samuel Chi-Hang yee Jeremy Yuen-chun Teoh Samson Yun-Sang Chan Ho-Man tam Chi-Kwok Chan Chi-Fai Ng Peter Ka-Fung Chiu SH Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

This study aimed to report the outcomes of active surveillance(AS)in the management of low-risk prostate cancer(PCa).It recruited87 men who were prospectively followed up according to the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance(PRIAS)protocol with local adaptation at SH Ho Urology Centre,Prince of Wales Hospital,Hong Kong,*** investigated the predictorsof disease progression and found that baseline prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)and the presence of the highest ProstateImaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are significantly correlatedwith disease ***,men with PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)or PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions had significantly worse upgradingfree survival compared to those with PSAD≤0.2 ng ml−2 and PI-RADS 2 or 3 *** study concludes that AS is a safe andeffective management strategy for selected patients to defer radical treatment and that most disease progression can be detectedafter the first repeated *** combination of PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)and PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions may serve as a useful predictorof early disease progression and provide a guide to optimize follow-up protocols for men in different risk groups.

关键词： active surveillance cohort localized prostate cancer

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Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO_3

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 148-156页

作者： chun-Hua Li Yuk-Shan Wong Hong-Yuan Wang Nora Fung-yee tam State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Department of Biology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory on Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene（Fl）, phenanthrene（Phe）,fluoranthene（Flua） and pyrene（Pyr）, with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was *** of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.

关键词： Anaerobic biodegradation Electron acceptor amendment Mangrove sediment Na HCO3amendment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

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A REVIEW OF THE STORM CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON KALMAEGI (1415) AND RELATED FORECASTING CONSIDER ATIONS IN HONG KONG

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2014年第4期3卷 243-255页

作者： chun-wing Choy yee-ting Junella tam Dick-shum Lau Wai-kin Wong Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina

Kalmaegi(1415)required the issuance of Gale or Storm Wind Signal No.8 in Hong Kong in 2014,even though it passed by at a distance of 370 km from Hong Kong during its closest *** surges triggered by Kalmaegi caused backflow of sea water in some low lying areas in both Hong Kong and *** paper reviews the use of observational data in monitoring the cyclone characteristics and studies the synoptic factors leading to its fast movement and extensive *** combined analysis of multi-platform satellite wind retrieval,in-situ surface observations and aircraft reconnaissance data over the northern part of the South China Sea is found to be useful in depicting the cyclone *** analysis suggests that the relatively large size of Kalmaegi may be attributed to monsoon shear pattern during its formation stage and the subsequent strengthening of southwesterlies over the northern part of the South China Sea.A strong subtropical ridge north of Kalmaegi not only provides strong steering and thus its high translational speed,but also leads to extensive gale force wind distribution over its northern *** performance of various numerical prediction models in forecasting the movement,intensity change and wind structure of Kalmaegi,as well as the storm surge triggered,is assessed and presented.

关键词： Kalmaegi Hong Kong tropical cyclone forecasting track wind structure

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一种基于多物理量阈值定义的热带气旋生成预报方法及在ECMWF全球模式中的应用验证

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热带气象学报 2016年第6期32卷 908-917页

作者：冯文黄伟健谭绮婷蔡振荣南京信息工程大学大气科学学院江苏南京210044 海南省气象台海南海口570203 香港天文台

对于热带气旋的路径与强度预测，数值天气预报模式提供了相当有用的参考或指导预报。为进一步了解数值模式对掌握热带气旋生成的特性，基于近年国内外对热带气旋生成预报的研究结果，构造了一套热带气旋生成的多阈值组合判据系统，并利... 详细信息

对于热带气旋的路径与强度预测，数值天气预报模式提供了相当有用的参考或指导预报。为进一步了解数值模式对掌握热带气旋生成的特性，基于近年国内外对热带气旋生成预报的研究结果，构造了一套热带气旋生成的多阈值组合判据系统，并利用该判据和ECMWF模式资料对2013-2015年于西太平洋海域生成的热带气旋进行了预报试验。结果表明，对于热带气旋生成的判据，使用不同百分位的历史统计阈值会对预报效果造成显著影响。在特定区间对某个物理量阈值进行合理的调整可以有效改善预报效果。在西太平洋海区，850hPa相对涡度阈值的微幅调整对结果的影响最为敏感。最优阈值组合方案的预报命中率检验结果表明，在数值模式起报时间为低压生成时间的前12—72小时时效曲线上，24和48小时时效是拐点，24小时时效之前，命中率基本维持在0．7以上的高位，随预报时间的降幅很小；之后预报质量陡降，48小时时效后预报效果趋向稳定。此外，不同年份的预报效果存在明显差异。在西太平洋不同海域，ECMWF模式对热带气旋的生成预报质量差异明显。菲律宾以东的洋面在不同起报时间的预报能力明显高于南海海域。西太平洋海区存在两个明显的高错报率区域：一个位于南海中、北部至菲律宾群岛近海，一个位于西太平洋中部。在不同大洋之间，ECMWF模式的热带气旋生成预报性能也存在显著分别。起报时间在热带气旋生成前24小时内，西太平洋海区对热带气旋生成的预报要明显优于大西洋海区。

关键词：热带气旋生成预报判据检验

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Molecular basis of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome in Chinese patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第2期124卷 237-241页

作者： SIU Wai-kwan MA Ronald Ching-wan LAM Ching-wan MAK Chloe Miu YUEN Yuet-ping LO Fai-man Ivan CHAN Kin-wan LAM Siu-fung LING Siu-cheung TONG Sui-fan SO Wing-yee CHOW chun-chung TANG Mary Hoi-yin tam wing-hung CHAN Albert Yan-wo Department of Pathology Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Pathology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China Clinical Genetic Service Department of Health Hong Kong China Department of Medicine and Geriatrics Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Tsan Yuk Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China

Background Von Hippel-Lindau （VHL） syndrome is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome predisposing the affected individuals to multiple tumours in various *** genetic basis of VHL in Southern Chinese is largely *** this study,we characterized the mutation spectrum of VHL in nine unrelated Southern Chinese *** Nine probands with clinical features of VHL,two symptomatic and eight asymptomatic family members were included in this *** diagnosis was performed twice for one *** probands had only isolated bilateral *** VHL gene was screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction,direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification （MLPA）.Results The nine probands and the two symptomatic family members carried heterozygous germline *** different VHL mutations were identified in the nine *** splicing mutation,NM_000551.2：c.463＋1G〉T,was *** other seven VHL mutations,c.233A〉G [***78Ser],c.239G〉T [***80lle],c.319C〉G [***107Gly],c.481C〉T [***161X],c.482G〉A [***161GIn],c.499C〉T [***167Trp] and an exon 2 deletion,had been previously *** asymptomatic family members were positive for the mutation and the other five tested *** prenatal diagnosis,the fetuses were positive for the *** Genetic analysis could accurately confirm VHL syndrome in patients with isolated tumours such as sporadic phaeochromocytoma or epididymal papillary *** detection in asymptomatic family members allows regular tumour surveillance and early intervention to improve their ***-based diagnosis can have an important impact on clinical management for VHL families.

关键词： von Hippel-Lindau syndrome VHL gene Chinese VHL mutations

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