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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq Nigel Dunglison rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management patterns.Methods:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was performed.Articles,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between january 2000 and December 2019,were included.Full-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and outcomes.Data were collated and analyzed with univariate methods.Results:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 cases.Voiding symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting features.Urethral calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment algorithm.Management in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

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Reuse of port industrial heritage in tourist cities:Shipyards as case studies

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 164-183页

作者： María j.Andrade Eduardo jiménez-Morales rachel Rodríguez-Ramos Pablo Martínez-Ramírez Department of Art and Architecture School of ArchitectureMalaga UniversityMalaga 29013Spain

The progressive deindustrialisation of many western cities since the 1980s has led to many industrial zones linked to port activities being abandoned or falling into disuse.Cities such as Barcelona,Naples,Lisbon,Amsterdam,and Hamburg have port industrial complexes of high tangible and intangible heritage value that could totally or partially disappear,resulting in an irreparable loss of their scientific,architectural,social,technological,and historical values.With that in mind,Adaptive Reuse(AR)of the built heritage allows the industrial memory of the ports to be preserved by turning them into new functional centres within the existing urban structure.That occurs in the context of the contemporary challenges of those cities,such as touristification,the circular economy and climate change,while guaranteeing the life cycle of those buildings.This article analyses two case studies—the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij(NDSM)and the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij(RDM)shipyards,both in the Netherlands—in order to contribute to the knowledge of AR of Port Industrial Heritage.They are two examples of good practices in port industrial heritage interventions,where the factors behind their acclaim can be easily highlighted.A multi-scale methodology is therefore used and tailored to the case of port industrial heritage,based on analysing previous studies of the heritage in different spheres and on different scales.A relationship matrix tool is thus defined.It enables a comparative study to be conducted,using key variables and indicators,and considering qualitative and quantitative data.That provides extensive output information for each case study,which is summarised in the most favourable factors for the success of the AR of this port industrial heritage.

关键词： Industrial heritage Port-city Adaptive reuse Best practices Circular economy HUL Touristification

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急性髓系白血病的诊疗进展

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第3期25卷 150-164页

作者： Laura F Newell rachel j cook 林之光(译) 陈波斌(校) Knight Cancer Institute Hematology and Medical OncologyOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA 上海复旦大学附属华山医院血液科

急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种罕见但有潜在危害性的疾病,具有较高病死率。其标准治疗方案数十年未变;然而,近期发现的与白血病发生和疾病进展相关的分子因素,促成了新疗法的出现。目前正在进行的研究和临床试验致力于通过明确靶点、发现... 详细信息

急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种罕见但有潜在危害性的疾病,具有较高病死率。其标准治疗方案数十年未变;然而,近期发现的与白血病发生和疾病进展相关的分子因素,促成了新疗法的出现。目前正在进行的研究和临床试验致力于通过明确靶点、发现疾病或患者特异性危险因素,以及研发有效的联合治疗方案和药物来寻找个体化治疗方案。本综述重点关注AML诊断与疾病分类的重要更新,这些更新反映了对AML生物学、基因突变异质性、重要遗传和环境危险因素以及包括细胞毒性化疗、新型靶向药物和细胞疗法在内的新型治疗方案的新认识。

关键词：急性髓系白血病白血病发生疾病分类标准治疗方案疾病进展诊疗进展临床试验基因突变

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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun S.Venkatesh Suzanne Golub Kathryn S.Stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena Desai David j.Handelsman jeffrey D.Zajac Mathis Grossmann rachel A.Davey Department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ANZAC Research Institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are unknown.To address this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol treatment.Puberty was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of age.At 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 weeks.Controls included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks post-treatment.Compared to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to fracture.Estradiol treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and stiffness.In trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast proliferation.These data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of GAHT.Further study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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The risk of prostate cancer on incidental finding of an avid prostate uptake on 2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for non-prostate cancer-related pathology:A single centre retrospective study

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 33-41页

作者： Anthony Franklin Troy Gianduzzo Boon Kua David Wong Louise McEwan james Walters rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Geoff Coughlina john W.Yaxley Department of Urology The Wesley HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Wesley Medical Research BrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Radiology Wesley Medical ImagingBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incidentally reported increased intraprostatic uptake at 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)ordered at Department of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLD,Australia for non-PCa related pathology.Methods:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-FDG PET/CT for non-prostate related conditions was conducted.Men were classified as benign,indeterminate,or malignant depending of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PSA),PSA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PSMA)PET/CT results.Results:Three percent(273/9122)of men demonstrated 18F-FDG avidity within the prostate.Eighty-five percent(231/273)were further investigated,including with PSA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PSMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were considered benign in 130/231(56.3%),indeterminate in 31/231(13.4%),and malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was identified in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceeded to biopsy,including 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores 4-5 mpMRI and six men with a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.The most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was concordant with the 18F-FDG findings in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concordant 18F-FDG,3 T mpMRI,and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had PCa on biopsy.There was no statistically significant difference in the 18F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this study,after an incidental finding of an avid intraprostatic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had results consistent with PCa,most commonly as Gleason scor

关键词： Prostatecancer Positionemission tomography Multiparametric magneticresonance imaging Prostatebiopsy

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Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Capacity of Nanoemulsions Loaded with Synthetic Chalcone Derivatives Di-Benzyl Cinnamaldehyde and Benzyl 4-Aminochalcone

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journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 285-304页

作者： Flavia Oliveira Monteiro da Silva Abreu Taysse Holanda joice Farias do Nascimento Henety Nascimento Pinheiro rachel Menezes Castelo Hélcio Silva dos Santos Thais Benincá Patrícia da Silva Malheiros júlio César Sousa Prado Raquel de Oliveira Fontenelle Maria Madalena de Camargo Forte Natural Polymers Laboratory PPGCNState University of CearáFortaleza60.714.903Brazil Polymeric Materials Laboratory PPGE3MFederal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre91501-970Brazil Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory PPGCNState University of CearáFortaleza60.714.903Brazil Food Hygiene and Microbiology Laboratory PPGCTAFederal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre91501-970Brazil Microbiology Laboratory Medicine SchoolFederal University of CearáSobral62010-560Brazil

With the increase in antimicrobial resistance,it has become necessary to explore alternative approaches for combating and preventing diseases.DB-cinnamaldehyde(CNM)and Benzyl4-amino(B4AM)are bioactive compounds derived from chalcones but with restricted solubility in aqueous media.Nanoemulsions can enhance the solubility of compounds and can be a promising alternative in the development of novel antimicrobials,with reduced side effects and prolonged release.The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions loaded with two distinct types of chalcones at two different dosages,to propose a stable formulation with antimicrobial properties.Results showed that nanoemulsions presented high encapsulation efficiency,low polydispersity index(PDI)and particle size below 200 nm,indicating that emulsification was a suitable method for nanoemulsion preparation.Nanoemulsions with higher dosages exhibited significant antimicrobial effects when compared to free chalcones and positive controls.Notably,B4AM nanoemulsions at higher dosages showed expressive activity against Salmonella minnesota,with a 420%greater inhibitory response compared to the free form and showing equivalence to the positive control.CNM nanoemulsions showed excellent inhibitory activity at the highest dosage,equivalent to the positive control against S.minnesota and Staphylococcus aureus.The greater number of conjugated bonds in CNM increased the antimicrobial activity in comparison with B4AM,and the formation of nanometric domains enhanced the bioavailability,being a promising alternative for antimicrobial applications.

关键词： Polysaccharide nanoemulsions S.aureus S.minnesota chalcones alginate

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Advanced bioactive glue tethering Lubricin/PRG4 to promote integrated healing of avascular meniscus tears

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 61-73页

作者： Solaiman Tarafder jaskirti Ghataure David Langford rachel Brooke Ryunhyung Kim Samantha Lewis Eyen julian Bensadoun jeffrey T.Felix james L.cook Chang H.Lee Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Columbia University Medical Center630 W.168 St.-VC12-212New YorkNY10032USA Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics Missouri Orthopedic InstituteUniversity of Missouri1100 Virginia AvenueColumbi1MO65212USA

Meniscus injuries are extremely common with approximately one million patients undergoing surgical treatment annually in the U.S. alone, but no regenerative therapy exist. Previously, we showed that controlled applications of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) via fibrin-based bio-glue facilitate meniscus healing by inducing recruitment and stepwise differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Here, we first explored the potential of genipin, a natural crosslinker, to enhance fibrin-based glue’s mechanical and degradation properties. In parallel, we identified the harmful effects of lubricin on meniscus healing and investigated the mechanism of lubricin deposition on the injured meniscus surface. We found that the pre-deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the torn meniscus surface mediates lubricin deposition. Then we implemented chemical modifications with heparin conjugation and CD44 on our bioactive glue to achieve strong initial bonding and integration of lubricin pre-coated meniscal tissues. Our data suggested that heparin conjugation significantly enhances lubricin-coated meniscal tissues. Similarly, CD44, exhibiting a strong binding affinity to lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA), further improved the integrated healing of HA/lubricin pre-coated meniscus injuries. These findings may represent an important foundation for developing a translational bio-active glue guiding the regenerative healing of meniscus injuries.

关键词： Knee meniscus Bioactive glue Stem cell recruitment Lubricin

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Natural history,clinical characteristics,outcomes,and long-term follow-up of pain-free chronic pancreatitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 309-315页

作者： Awais Ahmed Ishani Shah rachel Bocchino Steven D.Freedman Darshan j.Kothari Sunil G.Sheth Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Division of Internal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Background:Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and functional insufficiency.However,a small subset of patients with prior acute pancreatitis(AP)and/or underlying risk factors for developing CP may be pain-free at diagnosis and may have a different clinical course.We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics,outcomes,and healthcare utilization between CP patients with and without pain.Methods:Reviewed patients with established CP were followed in our Pancreas Center between january 2016 and April 2021.Patients without risk factors for developing CP and/or without AP prior to their diagnosis and only with incidental radiologic features of CP were excluded,so as tominimize confounding factors of pancreatopathy unrelated to CP.Patients were divided into painful and pain-free groups to analyze differences in demographics,outcomes,and healthcare utilization.Results:Of 368 CP patients,49(13.3%)were pain-free at diagnosis and had remained so for>9 years.There were no significant differences in body mass index,race,sex,or co-morbidities between the two groups.Pain-free patients were older at diagnosis(53.9 vs 45.7,P=0.004)and had less recurrent AP(RAP)(43.8%vs 72.5%,P<0.001)and less exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI)(34.7%vs 65.7%,P<0.001).Pain-free patients had less disability(2.2%vs 22.0%,P=0.003),mental illness(20.4%vs 61.0%,P<0.001),surgery(0.0%vs 15.0%,P=0.059),and therapeutic interventions(0.0%vs 16.4%,P=0.005)for pain.Conclusions:We described a unique subset of patients with underlying risk factors for CP and/or prior AP who were painfree at diagnosis.They were older at diagnosis,had less EPI and RAP,and overall favorable outcomes with minimal resource utilization.

关键词： chronic pancreatitis pain-free pancreatic insufficiency diabetes

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Detecting subtle yet fast skeletal muscle contractions with ultrasoft and durable graphene-based cellular materials

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 105-115页

作者： Zijun He Zheng Qi Huichao Liu Kangyan Wang Leslie Roberts jefferson Z.Liu Yilun Liu Stephen j.Wang Mark j.cook George P.Simon Ling Qiu Dan Li Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Neurophysiology Department Department of Neurology and Neurological ResearchSt Vincent's Hospital Department of Medicine St.Vincent's HospitalUniversity of Melbourne Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Melbourne Department of Design Monash University School of Design The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Human bodily movements are primarily controlled by the contractions of skeletal muscles. Unlike joint or skeletal movements that are generally performed in the large displacement range, the contractions of the skeletal muscles that underpin these movements are subtle in intensity yet high in frequency. This subtlety of movement makes it a formidable challenge to develop wearable and durable so?t materials to electrically monitor such motions with high fidelity for the purpose of, for example, muscle/neuromuscular disease diagnosis. Here we report that an intrinsically fragile ultralow-density graphene-based cellular monolith sandwiched between silicone rubbers can exhibit a highly effective stress and strain transfer mechanism at its interface with the rubber, with a remarkable improvement in stretchability(>100%). In particular, this hybrid also exhibits a highly sensitive, broadband-frequency electrical response(up to 180 Hz) for a wide range of strains. By correlating the mechanical signal of muscle movements obtained from this hybrid material with electromyography, we demonstrate that the strain sensor based on this hybrid material may provide a new, so?t and wearable mechanomyography approach for real-time monitoring of complex neuromuscular–skeletal interactions in a broad range of healthcare and human–machine interface applications. This work also provides a new architecture-enabled functional so?t material platform for wearable electronics.

关键词： cellular graphene strain sensors high-frequency electromechanical property surface mechanomyography skeletal muscle activity

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CCS Research Development and Deployment in a Clean Energy Future： Lessons from Australia over the Past Two Decades

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 477-484页

作者： Peter j. cook CO2CRC Ltd.& Peter cook Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage Research The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 2010 Australia

碳捕集和封存(CCS)技术作为一种碳减排手段,虽未得到全方位认可,但其重要性已得到人们的广泛认可。但是,若要将全球温度上升幅度控制在低于2℃,则此技术的推广应用速度并不能满足相关的需求。虽然大规模推广CCS技术所面临的困难尚无法... 详细信息

碳捕集和封存(CCS)技术作为一种碳减排手段,虽未得到全方位认可,但其重要性已得到人们的广泛认可。但是,若要将全球温度上升幅度控制在低于2℃,则此技术的推广应用速度并不能满足相关的需求。虽然大规模推广CCS技术所面临的困难尚无法全部克服,但通过不断的研究、交流和规划,目前CCS技术已得到了极大丰富。我们知道如何进行相关操作,并自信能安全有效地完成相关操作;我们知道相关的成本情况,也知道目前成本正在不断降低,而且未来会继续降低。同时,我们也知道,只要各个国家、公司、团体继续将化石燃料用作能源及用于各种工业过程,则世界就会一直需要碳捕集和封存技术。我们缺少的是必要的政策驱动和技术上呈中性(不会增加二氧化碳排放)的方法,以达到及时、低成本地降低CO_2排放,并维持稳定的、安全的电力供应以保证能源密集型工业产品的生产和使用。我们以澳大利亚为例来说明过去20年内人们对碳捕集和封存技术所做的各种努力,尤其是在碳捕集和封存技术研究和示范工程以及国际合作方面所做的各种努力。在澳大利亚国内,碳捕集和封存技术的大规模推广进展非常慢。但全球最大的碳捕集和封存项目将作为Gorgon液化天然气项目的一部分,很快在澳大利亚国内投入运营,另外还有数个大规模的碳捕集和封存的旗舰级项目正在考察中。CO2CRC Otway项目是澳大利亚国内目前唯一一个运行中的二氧化碳封存项目。该项目目前正在进行一些细节方面的组织和推进工作。需要指出的是,如果要推广Otway项目,还需对地下岩石对封存CO_2的影响开展大量研究。如果要在全球范围广泛使用碳捕集和封存技术,国际能源机构和国际气候变化委员会等机构都认为我们面临很大的挑战,还有很多重大问题需要解决。要解决这些问题,全球各方必须紧密协作。

关键词：二氧化碳碳捕集和封存技术 Otway 澳大利亚

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