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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 712-720页

作者： Joh. W. McCreadie rachel h. williams Sam Stutsman Debra S. Finn Peter h. Adler Department of Biology University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama USA Department of Earth.Sciences Biology University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama USA Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA

Among th. most prominent, large-scale patterns of species rich.ess are th. increases in rich.ess with.decreasing latitude and with.increasing h.bitat h.terogeneity. Using th. stream-dwelling larval and pupal stages of North.American black flies （Diptera： Simuliidae）, we address 3 broad questions about species rich.ess：（i） Does a significant latitude-rich.ess relationsh.p exist？（ii） h.w does h.bitat h.terogeneity influence gamma diversity？（iii） Wh.t is th. sign （positive or negative） of th. latitude-rich.ess and th. h.terogeneity-rich.ess relationsh.ps？ We found no evidence th.t h.bitat h.terogeneity influences gamma diversity. Th. estimated peak species rich.ess for black flies in North.America was at 50-53°N, wh.ch.also corresponds with.peak generic rich.ess. All plesiomorph.c, extant lineages of th. Simuliidae in th. Western h.misph.re are found in cool mountainous environments of North.America, suggesting th.t peak rich.ess at 50-53°N migh. be a signature of th.s ph.logenetic pattern and a reflection of underlying h.storical processes

关键词： aquatic insects biodiversity gamma rich.ess North.America Simuliidae streams

Artificial intelligence analysis of videos to augment clinical assessment:an overview

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 717-718页

作者： David C.Wong Stefan williams University of Leeds Leeds Teach.ng h.spitals Trust LeedsUK

Observation is a fundamental part of th. practice of clinical *** of movement is particularly important for th. *** such.as Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,stroke,epilepsy,and many oth.rs affect a person’s movement in ch.racteristic *** some conditions,ch.nges in th. patient’s voice can be included in th.s-ch.nges in sound caused by ch.nges in th. movements of *** clinician’s detection of a ch.racteristic abnormality,and th.ir judgment of its severity,plays a central role in both.diagnosis and th. assessment of prognosis or response to ***,th.t practice depends upon a limited resource of experienced *** addition,th.se experts are limited by h.man visual judgment,wh.ch.cannot reliably or precisely detect and measure small or subtle ch.nges in movement(williams et al.,2023).

关键词： clinical epilepsy diagnosis

Glycolysis and glucose metabolism as a target for bioenergetic and neuronal protection in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1637-1638页

作者： Pete A.williams Robert J.Casson Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Oph.h.lmic Research.Laboratories Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Vision is arguably our most valued sense,yet approximately 340 million people globally suffer blindness or moderate visual impairment,h.gh.igh.ing th. need to furth.r develop and advance treatments for oph.h.lmic *** refers to a group of ocular disorders united by a clinically ch.racteristic optic neuropath. with.associated retinal ganglion cell loss.

关键词： metabolism glaucoma globally

Model Predictive Current Control for Low-Cost Sh.nt Active Power Filter

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1589-1598页

作者： Ali A.Abdel-Aziz Moh.med A.Elgenedy Barry W.williams th. Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department Strathclyde UniversityGlasgowG11XQUK Sch.ol of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment(SCEBE)Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUK

Performance of a th.ee-ph.se sh.nt active power filter(SAPF)relies on th. capability of th. controller to track th. reference ***,designing an accurate current controller is crucial to guarantee satisfactory SAPF *** paper presents a model predictive current controller(MPCC)for a low-cost,four-switch.sh.nt active power filter for power quality improvement.A four-switch.B4,converter topology is adopted as an SAPF,h.nce offering a simple,robust,and low-cost *** addition,to furth.r reduce overall cost,only two interfacing filter inductors,instead of th.ee,are used to eliminate switch.ng current *** proposed SAPF model MPCC is detailed for implementation,wh.re simulation and experimental results validate effectiveness of th. proposed control algorith. sh.wing a 20%improvement in total h.rmonic distortion compared with.a conventional h.steresis band current controller.

关键词： Four-switch.converter h.rmonic distortion model predictive current control power quality sh.nt active power filter

Th.ee-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas sh.ft processing of h.useh.ld,commercial and industrial waste plastics for h.drogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alsh.reef Robert Sait-Stewart Moh.mad A.Nah.l Paul T.williams Sch.ol of Ch.mical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different h.useh.ld,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a th.ee-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas sh.ft reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different h.drocarbon species wh.ch.are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce h.(2)and CO and th.n undergo water gas sh.ft reaction to produce furth.r h.(2).Th. process mimics th. commercial process for h.drogen production from natural *** of th. single polyalkene plastics(h.gh.density polyeth.lene(h.PE),low-density polyeth.lene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar h.(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** th.ugh.PS produced an aromatic product slate from th. pyrolysis stage,furth.r stages of reforming and water gas sh.ft reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to th.t of th. polyalkene plastics(115 mmol h.(2)per gram plastic).PET gave significantly lower h.(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to th. formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from th. pyrolysis stage wh.ch.were not conducive to furth.r reforming and water gas sh.ft reaction.A mixture of th. single plastics typical of th.t found in municipal solid waste produced a h.(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** th. gas yields and composition from th. single plastics enabled an estimation of th. yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different h.useh.ld,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced h.(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** h.(2)yield and gas composition from th. single waste plastics gave an indication of th. type of plastics in th. mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic h.drogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas sh.ft

E-commerce,Pandemic Sh.ck,and th. Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises

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Ch.na & World Economy 2024年第5期32卷 113-139页

作者： Zengdong Cao Qin Tu Nich.la Latoya williams Business Sch.ol Beijing Normal UniversityChina Center for Innovation and Development Studies Beijing Normal UniversityChina Department of Finance and Economics Sheffield Hallam UniversityUnited Kingdom

Th.s study examines th. impact of e-commerce on th. survival rate of small and medium enterprises(SMEs)during th. COVID-19 pandemic using a combined dataset from th. Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneursh.p in Ch.na for th. period from 2018 to *** conducted a difference-in-differences analysis by exploiting th. variation in th. adoption of e-commerce across SMEs before and after th. outbreak of *** results sh.w th.t e-commerce h.d a significantly positive effect on th. survival rate of SMEs during th. ***,it improved th. survival rate of SMEs by 3.0 to 3.4 percentage points by expanding th. scale of th. enterprises'markets,mitigating declines in orders,sh.rtening th. repayment periods of accounts receivable,and improving cash.flow during a *** analysis reveals th.t th. impact of e-commerce was more pronounced for SMEs with.a larger sh.re of online sales and for labor-intensive SMEs,and th.rd-party e-commerce platforms or Web sites played a bigger role th.n self-built Web sites and social *** study offers novel evidence h.gh.igh.ing th. value of digitalization for firms during th. crisis.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic difference-in-differences e-commerce survival rate

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial deh.drogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in th. diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring th. potential of th.s compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian h.alth.is supported by th. extensive deficits in reproduction,growth.and immunity resulting from th. dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such.pyrroloquinoline quinone h.s been considered as a“new vitamin.”Alth.ugh.th. classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly establish.d,th. wide range of benefits for h.alth.provided h.s been reported in many *** th.s respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling path.ays th.t promote metabolic and mitoch.ndrial processes in many experimental contexts,th.s dictating th. rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** th. regulation of different metabolic mech.nisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits wh.re dysfunctional metabolism and mitoch.ndrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone h.s been demonstrated to h.ve neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,alth.ugh.th. link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such.contexts is still to be fully ***,we review th. general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitoch.ndrial mech.nisms in ph.siological *** addition,we analyze th. neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in h.alth.and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitoch.ndria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Outcome of meniscal repairs in paediatric population:A tertiary centre experience

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World Journal of Orth.pedics 2024年第6期15卷 547-553页

作者： Ayman Gabr Samson williams Soph.e Dodd Nick Barton-h.nson Department of Trauma&Orth.paedics West Suffolk HospitalSuffolk IP332QZUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orth.paedics Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpool L145ABUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Meniscal sparing surgery is a widely utilised treatment option for unstable meniscal tears with.th. aim of minimising th. risk of progression towards ***,th.re is limited data in th. literature on meniscal repair outcomes in skeletally immature *** To evaluate th. re-operation rate and functional outcomes of meniscal repairs in ch.ldren and *** We performed a retrospective review of all patients wh. underwent arth.oscopic meniscal repair surgery between January 2007 and January *** patients were under th. age of 18 at th. time of *** were all performed by a single *** was gath.red from our h.spital Electronic Patient Records *** primary outcome measure was re-operation rate(need for furth.r surgery on th. same meniscus).Secondary outcome measures were surgical complications and patient reported outcome measures th.t were International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner and Lysh.lm *** We identified 59 patients wh. underwent 66 All-inside meniscal repairs(32 medial meniscus and 34 Lateral meniscus).Meniscal repairs were performed utilizing FasT-Fix(Smith.and Neph.w)*** were 37 males and 22 females with.an average age of 14 years(range 6-16).Th. average follow-up time was 53 month.(range 26-140).Six patients h.d concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery along with.th. meniscal *** were no requiring furth.r meniscal repairs and 9 patients underwent partial *** mean postoperative IKDC score was 88(44-100),Tegner score was 7(2-10)and Lysh.lm score was 94(57-100).CONCLUSION Our results sh.wed th.t arth.oscopic repair of meniscal tears in th. paediatric population is an effective treatment option th.t h.s a low failure rate and good postoperative clinical with.th. advantage of preserving meniscal tissues.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal repair Outcome Meniscal preservation

Nucleotide Contribution to th. Functioning of SERT, Na/K ATPase and GPCR Proteins

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 61-76页

作者： Wynford Robert williams Faculty of Life Sciences & Education University of South Wales Cardiff UK

Purine nucleotides are crucial for th. effective operation of cell membrane proteins maintaining th. neurotransmitter responses of 5-h.. Major protein targets in th. treatment of depression include SERT, N/K ATPase and GPCR. Each.protein target is responsive to a specific complement of drugs: antidepressants (SERT), lith.um and cardiogenic steroids (N/K ATPase), 5-h. receptor ligands (GPCR). Computational software is useful for comparing molecular similarity with.n ligand-ligand and ligand-nucleotide structures. Previous studies demonstrate th.t GPCR ligands of different ph.rmacologic classes display relative molecular similarity to nucleotide structures. Th. current study applies th.s meth.dology to compound structures modulating SERT and N/K ATPase receptors. Minimum energy conformers of SERT antagonists demonstrate relative molecular similarity to th. structural template of GTP nucleotide. GTP template fits of 5-h. and psilocin are similar, wh.reas a SERT-like fit is one of several for th. ketamine structure. Endogenous and ph.rmaceutical modulators of Na/K ATPase relate to adenine nucleotide. Th. fits of cardiogenic steroids to a cGMP template demonstrate similarities and differences between compounds. Relative molecular similarity with.n th. structures of h.rmones, drugs and nucleotides h.s implications for neurotransmitter transport and cell signal transduction processes.

关键词： SERT SSRI GPCR Sodium/Potassium ATPase Nucleotides Depression

Sickle cell retinopath. and systemic disease

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第2期9卷 53-61页

作者： Oladipupo O.Anibire Daniel ABrill Basil K.williams Jr Meh.rry Medical College NashvilleTNUSA Department of Oph.h.lmology University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA Cincinnati Eye Institute CincinnatiOHUSA Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Sickle cell disease(SCD)is a widespread h.moglobinopath. th.t results in significant patient morbidity and *** occlusion can cause acute pain,acute ch.st syndrome,and avascular necrosis,wh.le h.molysis and endoth.lial disruption can cause isch.mic stroke,leg ulcers,pulmonary h.pertension,and *** ocular and orbital structures can be affected by SCD isch.mic events,including orbital bone infarction,isch.mic optic neuropath.,retinal artery occlusion,h.ph.ma,secondary glaucoma,sickle cell maculopath.,and sickle cell *** sickle cell retinopath.(PSR)is th. most common cause of vision *** PSR can lead to macular isch.mia,vitreous h.morrh.ge,and tractional retinal *** screening exams and multimodal imaging can lead to earlier detection of sickle cell retinopath. and improved patient *** patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery may require coordination of care with.h.matologists to avoid isch.mic *** h.droxyurea was th. only United States Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for several decades,patients with.SCD now h.ve several more treatment *** th. United States screening all infants for SCD,th.re can be delays in diagnosis and *** review article aims to provide an overview of sickle disease for th. oph.h.lmologist,and to discuss emerging treatment options and current management of SCD ocular complications.

关键词： Sickle cell anemia sickle cell disease(SCD) sickle cell retinopath. retinal detach.ent vitreous h.morrh.ge(Vh.