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What Makes Homeowners Consider Protective Actions to Reduce Disaster Risk?An Application of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Life Course Theory

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第3期12卷 312-325页

作者： Alexia Stock rachel a.davidson Joseph E.Trainor rachel Slotter Linda K.Nozick Jamie B.Kruse Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19711USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA School of Public Policy and Administration University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Disaster Science and Management University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Economics East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA

We hypothesize that for disaster risk mitigation,many households,despite being aware of their risk and possible mitigation actions,never seriously consider doing anything about *** mitigation-focused decisions,since there is no equivalent to warning messages,the decision process is likely to evolve over an extended *** explore what activates hurricane mitigation protective action decisions through three research questions:(1)to what extent are homeowners unengaged in protective action decision making?(2)What homeowner characteristics are associated with lack of engagement?And(3)to what extent do different life events trigger engagement in the decision-making process?We use the Precaution Adoption Process Model to conceptualize engagement as distinct from decision making;the broader protective action decision-making literature to explore drivers of engagement;and Life Course Theory to examine potential transitions from unengaged to *** use survey data of homeowners in North Carolina to examine these questions *** suggest that one-third of respondents had never engaged in protective action decisions,that life experiences differ in their occurrence frequency and effect on households’mitigation decisions,and that some events,such as renovating,reroofing,or purchasing a home may offer critical moments that could be leveraged to encourage greater engagement in mitigation decision making.

关键词： Homeowners Hurricane damage Life course theory Mitigation decisions North Carolina Protective action

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基于概率情景的多场点系统地震风险分析方法

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） 2012年第4期52卷 540-543,549页

作者：韩叶良苏国锋袁宏永 rachel A. davidson 清华大学工程物理系北京100084 清华大学公共安全研究院北京100084 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDEUSA

该文针对传统地震危险性分析方法面向多场点系统(诸如某一区域内多个建筑、某个基础设施网络)整体地震风险计算时的局限性,提出了基于概率场景的多场点地震风险分析方法。该方法首先结合地震潜在震源的震级概率分布函数以及地震动预测公... 详细信息

该文针对传统地震危险性分析方法面向多场点系统(诸如某一区域内多个建筑、某个基础设施网络)整体地震风险计算时的局限性,提出了基于概率场景的多场点地震风险分析方法。该方法首先结合地震潜在震源的震级概率分布函数以及地震动预测公式,并考虑地震动空间相关性模型,通过随机模拟生成大量的概率地震情景(地震动分布图),在地震情景集及相应概率信息的基础上对一些典型的多场点系统,例如独立多场点系统、串联多场点系统、并联多场点系统等进行了系统风险分析。并通过对比分析单场点与多场点系统的地震风险,对比分析考虑和不考虑地震动估计误差空间相关性两种情况下的多场点系统地震风险,最终得出了三种类型多场点系统地震风险表现的不同特征。结果表明:不考虑空间相关性会导致独立多场点系统高估低水平损失的概率、低估高水平损失的概率;会导致串联系统风险估计整体偏高;会导致并联系统风险估计整体偏低。

关键词：多场点地震风险概率情景随机模拟

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Robust genome and RNA editing via CRISPR nucleases in PiggyBac systems

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第8期7卷 313-320页

作者： Yuqian Jiang rachel Catherine Hoenisch Yun Chang Xiaoping Bao Craig E.Cameron Xiaojun Lance Lian Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC27599USA

CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)offers unprecedented opportunities for developing in vitro disease modeling,drug screening and cell-based *** efficiently deliver the CRISPR components,here we developed two all-in-one vectors containing Cas9/gRNA and inducible Cas13d/gRNA cassettes for robust genome editing and RNA interference *** vectors utilized the PiggyBac transposon system,which allows stable expression of CRISPR components in *** Cas9 vector PB-CRISPR exhibited high efficiency(up to 99%)of inducing gene knockout in both protein-coding genes and long non-coding *** other inducible Cas13d vector achieved extremely high efficiency in RNA knockdown(98%knockdown for CD90)with optimized gRNA *** together,our PiggyBac CRISPR vectors can serve as powerful toolkits for studying gene functions in hPSCs.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Genome editing Cas13d RNA editing PiggyBac transposon Human pluripotent stem cells

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工作中照顾好我们自己:补充水分和按时用餐的重要性医院应该消除导致医生在工作日中用餐和饮水困难的任何障碍

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第10期22卷 557-558页

作者： Peter A Brennan rachel Oeppen John Knighton Mike davidson 王晶(译) 关健(审校) Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth University Hospitals Southampton Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust British Airline Pilots Association 首都医科大学附属北京中医医院伦理委员会办公室中国医学科学院北京协和医院

作为医疗服务的提供者,我们很容易忘记在工作中照顾好自己。我们知道,稍作休息和规律饮水、用餐是保持"最优状态"的关键组成部分,这样有助于保持我们的能量、注意力和工作履职,并降低发生人为错误的风险。然而,在很多现代化医院中,面对... 详细信息

作为医疗服务的提供者,我们很容易忘记在工作中照顾好自己。我们知道,稍作休息和规律饮水、用餐是保持"最优状态"的关键组成部分,这样有助于保持我们的能量、注意力和工作履职,并降低发生人为错误的风险。然而,在很多现代化医院中,面对现实中繁忙的工作往往难以实现。

关键词：最优状态人为错误现代化医院医疗服务饮水困难工作日用餐注意力

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A Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Intervention to Improve Resilience and Mitigate Symptoms of Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Nurses: Results of a Randomized Trial

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Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第8期11卷 653-667页

作者： Meredith Mealer Debra Boeldt Kathryn Cochran rachel Hodapp Jeri Forster David Conrad Barbara O. Rothbaum Sona Dimidjian Marc Moss Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Denver Aurora CO USA Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Psychiatry Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA

Objective: Critical care nurses work in a challenging intensive care (ICU) environment that results in work-related psychological distress. Our objective was to pilot an in-person or virtual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program enhanced resilience and a similarly designed attention control group. Methods: We randomized ICU nurses with symptoms of burnout syndrome and decreased resilience to an MBCT program or a similarly formatted book club control. Our primary outcome was change in resilience as measured by the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Results: One-hundred one nurses completed study-related procedures. Overall, 70% had baseline symptoms of anxiety and 26% had symptoms of depression. For the in-person cohorts, there was no statistical difference between intervention and control groups regarding the total number of sessions attended (3.85 days ± 1.4 versus 3.75 days ± 0.15;p = 0.64). Using the Client/Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8), satisfaction scores were higher in the intervention group for weeks two through four of the program: p = 0.03, 0.0003, 0.007 respectively. There was no difference in the change in CD-RISC scores between the two groups (mean difference: treatment = 5.0, control = 7.0;p = 0.30). The online intervention cohort had greater improvements in the change of their median emotional exhaustion burnout scores when compared to the in-person intervention cohorts (-5 [-8 to -1.5] vs. 2 [-5 to 8], p = 0.049). Conclusions: We developed a feasible and acceptable in-person and online MBCT-ICU intervention that did not increase resilience scores in ICU nurses when compared to an attention control group. These results could help guide the proper design of larger trials to determine the efficacy of other resilience interventions.

关键词： Burnout Syndrome Mindfulness Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Critical Care Nursing

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