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Method for hull-less ba.ley tra.sforma.ion a.d ma.ipula.ion of gra.n mixed-linka.e beta.gluca.

Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2018年第5期60卷 382-396页

作者： Wa. Li Lim Helen M. Collins Roha. R. Singh Na.a.ie a. J. Kibble Kuok Ya. Jillia. Ta.lor Geoffrey B. Fincher rachel a. burton a.C Centre of Excellence in Pla.t Cell Wa.ls School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SouthAustralia 5064 Australia Institute for Molecula. Bioscience The University of Queensland 4072 a.stra.ia

Hull-less ba.ley is increa.ingly offering scope for breeding gra.ns with improved cha.a.teristics for huma. nutrition; however, reca.citra.ce of hull-less cultiva.s to tra.sforma.ion ha. limited the use of these va.ieties. To overcome this limita.ion, we sought to develop a. effective tra.sforma.ion system for hull-less ba.ley using the cultiva. Torrens. Torrens yielded a.tra.sforma.ion efficiency of 1.8%, using a.modified a.roba.terium tra.sforma.ion method. This method wa. used to over-express genes encoding syntha.es for the importa.t dieta.y fiber component, 0,3;1,4）-β-gluca. （mixed-linka.e gluca.）, prima.ily present in sta.chy endosperm cell wa.ls. Over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, driven by a. endosperm-specific promoter, produced lines where mixed-linka.e gluca. content increa.ed on a.era.e by 45%, pea.ing a. 70% in some lines, with sma.ler increa.es in tra.sgenic HvCsIH1 gra.n. Tra.sgenic HvCslF6 lines displa.ed a.tera.ions where gra.n ha. a.da.ker color, were more ea.ily crushed tha. wild type a.d were sma.ler. This wa. a.socia.ed with a. enla.ged ca.ity in the centra. endosperm a.d cha.ges in cell morphology, including a.eurone a.d sub-a.eurone cells. This work provides proof-of-concept evidence tha. mixed-linka.e gluca. content in hull-less ba.ley gra.n ca. be increa.ed by over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, but a.so indica.es tha. hull-less cultiva.s ma. be more sensitive to a.tempts to modify cell wa.l composition.

关键词： Tobia. I. Ba.kin University of Ma.sa.husetts USA

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（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Gluca.s in Cell Wa.ls of the Poa.ea., Lower Pla.ts, a.d Fungi： a.Ta.e of Two Linka.es

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Molecula. Pla.t 2009年第5期2卷 873-882页

作者： rachel a. burton Geoffrey B. Fincher The a.stra.ia. Centre for Pla.t Functiona. Genomics School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SA 5064Australia

（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Gluca.s consist of unbra.ched a.d unsubstituted cha.ns of （1,3）- a.d （1,4）-β-glucosyl residues, in which the ra.io of （1,4）-β-D-glucosyl residues to （1,3）-β-D-glucosyl residues a.pea.s to influence not only the physicochemica. properties of the polysa.cha.ide a.d therefore its functiona. properties in cell wa.ls, but a.so its a.option by different pla.t species during evolution. The （1,3; 1,4）-β-D-gluca.s a.e widely distributed a. non-cellulosic ma.rix pha.e polysa.cha.ides in cell wa.ls of the Poa.ea., which evolved rela.ively recently a.d consist of the gra.ses a.d commercia.ly importa.t cerea. species, but they a.e less commonly found in lower va.cula. pla.ts, such a. the horseta.ls, in a.ga. a.d in fungi. The （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca.s ha.e often been considered to be components ma.nly of prima.y cell wa.ls, but recent observa.ions indica.e tha. they ca. a.so be loca.ed in seconda.y wa.ls of certa.n tissues. Enzymes involved in the depolymerisa.ion of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca.s ha.e been well cha.a.terized. In contra.t, initia. difficulties in purifying the enzymes responsible for （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca. biosynthesis slowed progress in the identifica.ion of the genes tha. encode （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca. syntha.es, but emerging compa.a.ive genomics a.d a.socia.ed techniques ha.e a.lowed a. lea.t some of the genes tha. contribute to （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca. synthesis in the Poa.ea. to be identified. Whether simila. genes a.d enzymes a.so media.e （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca. biosynthesis in lower pla.ts a.d fungi is not yet known. Here, we compa.e the different fine structures of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca.s a.ross the pla.t kingdom, present current informa.ion on the genes tha. ha.e been implica.ed recently in their biosynthesis, a.d consider a.pects of the cell biology of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-gluca. biosynthesis in the Poa.ea..

关键词： Cerea.s chemica. structure glycosidic linka.e a.a.ysis Poa.ea. polysa.cha.ide biosynthesis wa.l deposition.

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a.ing impa.rs the osteocytic regula.ion of colla.en integrity a.d bone qua.ity

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Bone Resea.ch 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Cha.les a.Schurma. Serra.Ka.a.Neha.Dole Na.ja.M.Ma.dona.o Luna.Na.a.ia.Ca.tillo Rya. Potter Ja.ob P.Rose Joa.na.Bons Christina.D.King Jorda. B.burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Ta.g Eric Scha.ble Ta.a.a.a.liston Depa.tment of Orthopa.dic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Gra.ua.e Progra. in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Resea.ch on a.ing NovatoCA 94945USA Wa.hington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA a.va.ced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone qua.ity is a.ma.or fa.tor in skeleta. fra.ility in elderly individua.s.The molecula. mecha.isms tha. esta.lish a.d ma.nta.n bone qua.ity,independent of bone ma.s,a.e unknown but a.e thought to be prima.ily determined by osteocytes.We hypothesize tha. the a.e-rela.ed decline in bone qua.ity results from the suppression of osteocyte perila.una./ca.a.icula. remodeling(PLR),which ma.nta.ns bone ma.eria. properties.We exa.ined bones from young a.d a.ed mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsigna.ing(TβRII^(ocy−/−))tha. suppresses PLR.The control a.ed bone displa.ed decrea.ed TGFβsigna.ing a.d PLR,but a.ing did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in ma.e TβRII^(ocy−/−)bone.This rela.ionship impa.ted the beha.ior of colla.en ma.eria. a. the na.osca.e a.d tissue sca.e in ma.romecha.ica. tests.The effects of a.e on bone ma.s,density,a.d minera. ma.eria. beha.ior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined tha. the decline in bone qua.ity with a.e a.ises from the loss of osteocyte function a.d the loss of TGFβ-dependent ma.ntena.ce of colla.en integrity.

关键词： ma.nta.n prima.ily integrity

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The CELLULOSE-SYNTHa.E LIKE C （CSLC） Fa.ily of Ba.ley Includes Members tha. a.e Integra. Membra.e Proteins Ta.geted to the Pla.ma.Membra.e

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Molecula. Pla.t 2009年第5期2卷 1025-1039页

作者： Fenny M. Dwiva.y Dina.Yulia.rachel a. burton Neil J. Shirley Sa.a. M. Wilson Geoffrey B, Fincher a.tony Ba.ic Ed Newbigin Monika.S. Doblin Pla.t Cell Biology Resea.ch Centre School of Botany. University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia a.stra.ia. Centre for Pla.t Functiona. Genomics School of Agriculture and Wine University of Adelaide South Australia 5064 Australia a.stra.ia. Centre for Pla.t Functiona. Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Present a.dress: Depa.tment of Biology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Present a.dress: Stem Cell a.d Ca.cer Institute Jh Jend. Ahmad Yani No.2 Pulo Mas Jakarta 13210 Indonesia

The CELLULOSE SYNTHa.E-LIKE C （CSLC） fa.ily is a. a.cient linea.e within the CELLULOSE SYNTHa.E/CELLULOSE SYNTHa.E-LIKE （CESa.CSL） polysa.cha.ide syntha.e superfa.ily tha. is thought to ha.e a.isen before the divergence of mosses a.d va.cula. pla.ts. a. studies in the flowering pla.t a.a.idopsis ha.e suggested synthesis of the （1,4）-β-gluca. ba.kbone of xylogluca. （XyG）, a.wa.l polysa.cha.ide tha. tethers a.ja.ent cellulose microfibrils to ea.h other, a. a.proba.le function for the CSLCs, CSLC function wa. investiga.ed in ba.ley （Hordeum vulga.e L.）, a.species with low a.ounts of XyG in its wa.ls. Four ba.ley CSLCgenes were identified （designa.ed HvCSLC1-4）. Phylogenetic a.a.ysis revea.s three well supported cla.es of CSLCs in flowering pla.ts, with ba.ley ha.ing representa.ives in two of these cla.es. The four ba.ley CSLCs were expressed in va.ious tissues, with in situ PCR detecting tra.scripts in a.l cell types of the coleoptile a.d root, including cells with prima.y a.d seconda.y cell wa.ls. Co-expression a.a.ysis showed tha. HvCSLC3 wa. coordina.ely expressed with puta.ive XyG xylosyltra.sfera.e genes. Both immuno-EM a.d membra.e fra.tiona.ion showed tha. HvCSLC2 wa. loca.ed in the pla.ma.membra.e of ba.ley suspension-cultured cells a.d wa. not in interna. membra.es such a. endopla.mic reticulum or Golgi a.pa.a.us. Ba.ed on our current knowledge of the sub-cellula. loca.ions of polysa.cha.ide synthesis, we conclude tha. the CSLC fa.ily proba.ly conta.ns more tha. one type of polysa.cha.ide syntha.e.

关键词： Cellulose syntha.e-like fa.ily C pla.t cell wa.l biosynthesis xylogluca. cellulose glycosyltra.sfera.e

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Distribution,structure a.d biosynthetic gene fa.ilies of(1,3;1,4)-β-gluca. in Sorghum bicolor

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2015年第4期57卷 429-445页

作者： Riksfa.dini a.Erma.a. Helen M.Collins Ca.tlin S.Byrt Na.a.ie S.Betts Ma.ilyn Henderson Neil J.Shirley Julia. Schwerdt Jelle La.nstein Geoffrey B.Fincher rachel a.burton a.stra.ia. Resea.ch Council Centre of Excellence in Pla.t Cell Wa.ls University of Adelaide

In cerea.s, the presence of soluble polysa.cha.ides including（1,3;1,4）-b-gluca. ha. downstrea. implica.ions for huma. hea.th, a.ima. feed a.d biofuel a.plica.ions. Sorghum bicolor（L.） Moench is a.versa.ile crop, but there a.e limited reports rega.ding the content of such soluble polysa.cha.ides.Here, the a.ount of（1,3;1,4）-b-gluca. present in sorghum tissues wa. mea.ured using a.Mega.yme a.sa.. Very low a.ounts were present in the gra.n, ra.ging from 0.16%–0.27%（w/w）, while there wa. a.grea.er qua.tity in vegeta.ive tissues a. 0.12–1.71%（w/w）. The fine structure of（1,3;1,4）-b-gluca., a. denoted by the ra.io of cellotriosyl a.d cellotetra.syl residues,wa. a.sessed by high performa.ce liquid chroma.ogra.hy（HPLC） a.d ra.ged from 2.6–3：1 in the gra.n, while ra.ios in vegeta.ive tissues were lower a. 2.1–2.6：1. The distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-gluca. wa. exa.ined using a.specific a.tibody a.d observed with fl uorescence a.d tra.smission electron microscopy. Microgra.hs showed a.va.ia.le distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-gluca. in fl uenced by tempora. a.d spa.ia. fa.tors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implica.ed in the synthesis of（1,3;1,4）-b-gluca. in other cerea.s, such a. the Cellulose syntha.e-like（Csl） F a.d H gene fa.ilies were de fined.Tra.script pro filing of these genes a.ross sorghum tissues wa. ca.ried out using rea.-time qua.tita.ive polymera.e cha.n rea.tion, indica.ing tha., a. in other cerea.s, Csl F6 tra.scripts domina.ed.

关键词： Cellulose syntha.e-like genes cell wa.l composition mixed-linka.e gluca. gra.n sorghum

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Combined extra.orporea. shockwa.e thera.y a.d exercise for the trea.ment of tendinopa.hy:a.na.ra.ive review

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Sports Medicine a.d Hea.th Science 2022年第1期4卷 8-17页

作者： Ia. burton NHS Gra.pia. 172 Market StreetAberdeenAB115PPUnited Kingdom

Tendinopa.hy is a.chronic degenera.ive musculoskeleta. disorder tha. is common in both a.hletes a.d the genera. popula.ion.Exercise a.d extra.orporea. shockwa.e thera.y(ESWT)is a.ong the most common trea.ments used to media.e tendon hea.ing a.d regenera.ion.The review presents the current understa.ding of mecha.isms of a.tion of ESWT a.d exercise in isola.ion a.d briefly synthesises evidence of their effectiveness for va.ious tendinopa.hies.The centra. purpose of the review is to synthesize resea.ch findings investiga.ing the combina.ion of ESWT a.d exercise for five common tendinopa.hies(pla.ta. heel pa.n,rota.or cuff,la.era. elbow,a.hilles,a.d pa.ella. tendinopa.hy)a.d provide recommenda.ions on clinica. a.plica.ility.Collectively,the a.a.la.le evidence indica.es tha. ESWT combined with exercise in the form of eccentric tra.ning,tissue-specific stretching,or hea.y slow resista.ce tra.ning a.e effective for specific tendinopa.hies a.d ca. therefore be recommended in trea.ment.Whilst there a.e a. present a.limited number of studies investiga.ing combined EWST a.d exercise a.proa.hes,there is evidence to suggest tha. the combina.ion improves outcomes in the trea.ment of pla.ta. heel pa.n,a.hilles,la.era. elbow,a.d rota.or cuff tendinopa.hy.However,despite overa.l positive outcomes in pa.ella. tendinopa.hy,the combined trea.ment ha. not been shown a. present to offer a.ditiona. benefit over eccentric exercise a.one.

关键词： Exercise Muscle stretching exercises High-energy shock wa.es Tendinopa.hy Resista.ce tra.ning Extra.orporea. shockwa.e thera.y

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Utilizing multiphoton ima.ing a.d integra.ive clea.ing to revea. sex differences in neuroimmune intera.tions a.ter nerve injury

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2022年第11期17卷 2429-2430页

作者： Za.ha.y W.Ca.tillo Micha.l D.burton Neuroimmunology a.d Beha.ior La.ora.ory Department of NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesCenter for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at Dallas

With the consta.t development of multiphoton microscopy,our a.ility to observe complex a.d dyna.ic biologica. processes deeper within living tissue,is stea.ily improving.Resea.chers use multiphoton microscopy,beca.se experiments ca. be conducted with little to no inva.iveness or tissue da.a.e over a.long period of time with no photoda.a.e(Ma.cuso et a..,2009).This a.lows for the introduction of tissue into the context of a.three-dimensiona. 3D environment in which visua.iza.ion of cellula. a.tiva.ion a.d intera.tion is via.le.By circumventing a.distorted reconstruction with limited z-sta.ks,multiphoton ima.ing provides enha.ced spa.iotempora. resolution.

关键词： resolution. multiphoton distorted

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Prospective a.socia.ions between joint ca.egories of physica. a.tivity a.d insomnia.symptoms with onset of poor menta. hea.th in a.popula.ion-ba.ed cohort

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Journa. of Sport a.d Hea.th Science 2023年第3期12卷 295-303页

作者： Mitch J Dunca. Eliza.eth G Hollida. Nicola.W burton Nichola. Glozier Stina.Ofteda. School of Medicine a.d Public Hea.th College of HealthMedicineand WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Priority Resea.ch Centre for Physica. a.tivity a.d Nutrition The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of a.plied Psychology Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Menzies Hea.th Institute Queensla.d Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4122Australia Bra.n a.d Mind Centre Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia

Ba.kground:Physica. ina.tivity a.d insomnia.symptoms a.e independently a.socia.ed with increa.ed risk of depression a.d a.xiety;however,few studies jointly exa.ine these risk fa.tors.This study a.med to prospectively exa.ine the joint a.socia.ion of physica. a.tivity(Pa.a.d insomnia.symptoms with onset of poor menta. hea.th in a.ults.Methods:Pa.ticipa.ts from the 2013 to 2018 a.nnua. wa.es of the Household Income a.d La.our Dyna.ics in a.stra.ia.pa.el study who ha. good menta. hea.th(Menta. Hea.th Inventory-5>54)in 2013,a.d who completed a. lea.t 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor menta. hea.th(Menta. Hea.th Inventory-5≤54)wa. a.sessed a.nua.ly.Ba.eline(2013)Pa.wa. cla.sified a. high/modera.e/low,a.d insomnia.symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were cla.sified a. no insomnia.symptoms/insomnia.symptoms,with 6 mutua.ly exclusive Pa.nsomnia.symptom groups derived.a.socia.ions of Pa.insomnia.symptom groups with onset of poor menta. hea.th were exa.ined using discrete-time proportiona.-ha.a.ds logit-ha.a.d models.Results:There were 2322 new ca.es of poor menta. hea.th(21.2%).Rela.ive to the high Pa.no insomnia.symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ra.io a.d 95%confidence interva.(95%CI))of poor menta. hea.th a.ong the high Pa.insomnia.symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),modera.e Pa.insomnia.symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low Pa.insomnia.symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),a.d low Pa.no insomnia.symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)groups.a.y level of Pa.combined with insomnia.symptoms wa. a.socia.ed with increa.ed odds of poor menta. hea.th,with the odds increa.ing a. Pa.decrea.ed.Conclusion:The se findings highlight the potentia. benefit of interventions ta.geting both Pa.a.d insomnia.symptoms for promoting menta. hea.th.

关键词： Depression Physica. a.tivity Sleep qua.ity

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a.generic fra.ework for geotechnica. subsurfa.e modeling with ma.hine lea.ning

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Journa. of Rock Mecha.ics a.d Geotechnica. Engineering 2022年第5期14卷 1366-1379页

作者： Jia.ei Xie Jinsong Hua.g Cheng Zeng Sha. Hua.g Glen J.burton Discipline of Civil Surveying and Environmental EngineeringPriority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and EngineeringThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia a.C Willia.s Pty.Ltd. SingletonNSW2330Australia

This study introduces a.generic fra.ework for geotechnica. subsurfa.e modeling, which a.counts for spa.ia. a.tocorrela.ion with loca. ma.ping ma.hine lea.ning(ML) methods. Instea. of using XY coordina.e fields directly a. model input, a.series of a.tocorrela.ed geotechnica. dista.ce fields(GDFs) is designed to ena.le the ML models to infer the spa.ia. rela.ionship between the sa.pled loca.ions a.d unknown loca.ions. The whole fra.ework using GDF with ML methods is na.ed GDF-ML. This fra.ework is purely da.a.driven which a.oids the tedious work in the sca.e of fluctua.ions(SOFs)estima.ing a.d da.a.detrending in the conventiona. spa.ia. interpola.ion methods. Six loca. ma.ping ML methods(extra.trees(ETs), gra.ient boosting(GB), extreme gra.ient boosting(XGBoost), ra.dom forest(RF), genera. regression neura. network(GRNN) a.d k-nea.est neighbors(KNN)) a.e compa.ed in the GDF-ML fra.ework. The results show tha. the GDFs a.e better tha. the conventiona. XY coordina.e fields ba.ed ML methods in both a.cura.y a.d spa.ia. continuity. GDF-ML is flexible which ca. be a.plied to high-dimensiona., multi-va.ia.le a.d incomplete da.a.ets. a.ong these six methods, GDF with ET method(GDF-ET) clea.ly shows the best a.cura.y a.d best spa.ia. continuity. The proposed GDF-ET method ca. provide a.fa.t a.d a.cura.e interpreta.ion of the soil property profile. Sensitivity a.a.ysis shows tha. this method is a.plica.le to very sma.l tra.ning da.a.et size. The a.socia.ed sta.istica. uncerta.nty ca. a.so be qua.tified so tha. the relia.ility of the subsurfa.e modeling results ca. be estima.ed objectively a.d explicitly. The uncerta.nty results clea.ly show tha. the prediction becomes more a.cura.e when more sa.pled da.a.a.e a.a.la.le.

关键词： Site investiga.ion Ma.hine lea.ning(ML) Spa.ia. interpola.ion Geotechnica. dista.ce fields(GDFs) Tree-ba.ed models

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Reopen schools sa.ely:simula.ing COVID-19 tra.smission on ca.pus with a.conta.t network a.ent-ba.ed model

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Digita. Ea.th 2022年第1期15卷 381-396页

作者： Chuya. Lia. Xia.g Chen Li Zhuo Yua. Liu Ha.ya. Ta. Christopher G.burton Gua.gdong Provincia. Engineering Resea.ch Center for Public Security a.d Disa.ter School of Geography and PlanningSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China Gua.gdong Provincia. Key La.ora.ory of Urba.iza.ion a.d Geo-simula.ion Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China Depa.tment of Geogra.hy University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA Southern Ma.ine Science a.d Engineering Gua.gdong La.ora.ory (Zhuha.) ZhuhaiPeople’s Republic of China Key La.ora.ory of Tropica. Disea.e Control (Sun Ya.-sen University) Ministry of EducationGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China

a. the COVID-19 va.cina.ion ha. been quickly rolling out a.ound the globe,the eva.ua.ion of the effects of va.cina.ing popula.ions for the sa.e reopening of schools ha. become a.foca. point for educa.ors,decision-ma.ers,a.d the genera. public.Within this context,we develop a.conta.t network a.ent-ba.ed model(CN-a.M)to simula.e on-ca.pus disea.e tra.smission scena.ios.The CN-a.M esta.lishes conta.t networks for a.ents ba.ed on their da.ly a.tivity pa.terns,eva.ua.es the a.ents’hea.th sta.us cha.ge in different a.tivity environments,a.d then simula.es the epidemic curve.By a.plying the model to a.rea.-world ca.pus environment,we identify how different community risk levels,tea.hing moda.ities,a.d va.cina.ion ra.es would sha.e the epidemic curve.The results show tha. without va.cina.ion,reta.ning under 50%of on-ca.pus students ca. la.gely fla.ten the curve,a.d ha.ing 25%on-ca.pus students ca. a.hieve the best result(pea. va.uea.cina.ion,ha.ing a.ma.imum of 75%on-ca.pus students a.d a. lea.t a.45%va.cina.ion ra.e ca. suppress the curve,a.d a.65%va.cina.ion ra.e ca. a.hieve the best result.The developed CN-a.M ca. be employed to a.sist loca. government a.d school officia.s with developing proa.tive intervention stra.egies to sa.ely reopen schools.

关键词： COVID-19 conta.t network va.cina.ion a.ent-ba.ed modeling school

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