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Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Africa, Associated Factors and Coping Mechanisms: A Systematic Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 518-532页

作者： Steward Mudenda Billy Chabalenge Scott Matafwali Victor Daka Misheck Chileshe Webrod Mufwambi Ruth Lindizyani Mfune Josephine Chali Mukuka Chomba Michelo Banda racheal mwaweza Ronald Kampamba Mutati Tyson Lungwani Muungo John Balidawa Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo James Mwanza Maisa Kasanga Shafiq Mohamed Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia MaryBegg Health Services Ndola Zambia Faculty of Paediatrics and Child Health Lusaka College of Nursing Lusaka Zambia Unicaf University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Remedium Pharmaceuticals limited Salama Park Lusaka Zambia

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health problem that has caused harm to the mental health of healthcare workers. In Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has led healthcare workers to experience mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and burnout. This study aimed to review published studies on the effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers, associated factors and coping strategies that have been employed in Africa. Methods: This was a systematic review that was conducted through searching databases including;PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. The study included published literature from January 2020 to May 2022 that met the inclusion criteria. The selection of articles was conducted following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 39 articles were retrieved, of which only 18 met the inclusion criteria and were used in this study. Our review revealed that healthcare workers experienced mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, stress and burnout that were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping strategies such as religious practices, support from family members and colleagues and avoiding listening to social media about COVID-19 were used to minimize mental health problems. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused increased mental health disorders among healthcare workers in Africa. Identification of factors associated with mental health problems is cardinal in developing coping mechanisms against the psychological impact of COVID-19. Therefore, there is a need for governments to develop and implement strategies for protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Africa Coping Mechanisms COVID-19 Factors Healthcare Workers Mental Health Pandemic Psychological Impact

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特莎的家庭日

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初中生 2024年第29期 47-51页

作者： racheal Rcie 文孛(编译) 不详

特莎和她妈妈曾经无话不谈。但妈妈重返职场后,两人能愉快相处的时间越来越少。特莎非常期待观看自己喜爱的摇滚乐团的演出,妈妈却提前安排全家人在那天去食物银行当志愿者。特莎为此跟妈妈大吵一架,但最终两人都解开了心结。她们是怎... 详细信息

特莎和她妈妈曾经无话不谈。但妈妈重返职场后,两人能愉快相处的时间越来越少。特莎非常期待观看自己喜爱的摇滚乐团的演出,妈妈却提前安排全家人在那天去食物银行当志愿者。特莎为此跟妈妈大吵一架,但最终两人都解开了心结。她们是怎么化解这个矛盾的呢?

关键词：心结食物银行志愿者

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Unravel the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticle-carbonized sawdust matrix for removal of lead(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 92-102页

作者： racheal Aigbe Doga Kavaz Department of Environmental Science Cyprus International UniversityNicosiaMersin 10Turkey Environmental Research Centre Cyprus International UniversityNicosiaMersin 10Turkey Department of Bioengineering Cyprus International UniversityNicosiaMersin 10Turkey

Zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnOnp) are molecular nanoparticles synthesized by a chemical precipitation method from zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium *** sawdust(CSD) was prepared from sawdust obtained from a local wood *** matrix of both provides a better material as an *** present study applied the functionality of ZnOnp,CSD,and ZnOnp-CSD matrix as adsorbent materials for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous *** method of batch process was employed to investigate the potential of the *** influence of pH,contact time,initial concentration of adsorbate,the dosage of adsorbents,and the temperature of adsorbate-adsorbent mixture on the adsorption capacity were *** adsorption isotherm studies indicate that both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were suitable to express the experimental data obtained with theoretical maximum adsorption capacities(q_(m)) of 70.42,87.72,and 92.59 mg·g^(-1) for the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions onto ZnOnp,CSD,and ZnOnp-CSD matrix,*** separation factors(R_(L)) calculated showed that the use of the adsorbents for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions is a feasible process with R_(L) <*** thermodynamic parameters obtained revealed that the processes are endothermic,feasible,and spontaneous in nature at 25-50℃.Evaluation of the kinetic model elected that the processes agreed better with pseudo-second order where the values of rate constant(k_2) obtained for the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions onto ZnOnp,CSD,and ZnOnp-CSD matrix are 0.00149,0.00188,and 0.00315 g·mg^(-1)·min^(-1),*** reusability potential examined for four cycles indicated that the adsorbents have better potential and economic value of reuse and the ZnOnp-CSD matrix indicates improved adsorbent material to remove Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution.

关键词： Zinc oxide nanoparticles Carbonized saw dust Matrix Batch process Reusability potential

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A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Performance,Annual Energy Use,and Life Cycle Costs of Low-cost Houses Made with Mud Bricks and Earthbag Wall Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： racheal Wesonga Hillary Kasedde Nathan Kibwami Musa Manga Department of Construction Economics and Management School of Built EnvironmentCollege of EngineeringDesignArt and Technology(CEDAT)Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062UgandaKampala Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringCollege of EngineeringDesignArt and Technology(CEDAT)Makerere UniversityUgandaKampala

Given the high demand for low-cost housing by the low-income earners,coupled with the tropical climate expe-rienced in sub-Saharan Africa,new-built housing stock needs utmost attention to cost,durability,and *** the walls accounting for a substantial proportion of the total building cost,choice of a wall system for use in building construction is *** choice usually depends on how durable,comfortable,ecological,and economical a given system is,to meet both the quality standards and low-cost aspects of *** the earthbag building system allows for the construction of strong,affordable,and sustainable housing,it is not widely *** such,its sustainable characteristics have gone unrecognised throughout the building *** paper examines and compares the thermal properties and total Life Cycle Costs(LCC)of earthbag walls with the commonly used burnt brick walls-based on the Degree-Days method and Life Cycle Costing analyses of building walls located in one of the hottest regions in ***-situ measurements of temperature and heat flux were conducted in accordance with ISO 9869 and the annual energy requirements *** total LCC were calculated based on the initial construction costs and annual energy costs attributed to the building wall *** housing was found to be thermal-physically better than the brick wall with a lower U-value resulting in lower annual energy requirements and a huge saving in annual energy costs of up to 83.2%.This saving,coupled with low initial construction costs made the earthbag unit 68.7%cheaper than the burnt brick unit over a 30-year ***,this study findings suggest earthbag walling system as an economically viable and technically feasible low-cost construction option for rural areas and low-incomers earners’housing in warm climatic conditions,a characteristic of sub-Saharan countries-so as to promote regional development.

关键词： Earthbag walls Burnt brick walls Thermal properties Life Cycle Costs Low-cost housing

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Evaluation of phytochemical properties and in-vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts of leaf,seed and root of Abrus precatorius Linn. against Salmonella and Shigella

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第9期6卷 755-759页

作者： Ojo Joseph Sunday Shola Kola Babatunde Adeyinka Elizabeth Ajiboye racheal Majekodunmi Adedayo Mufutau Adeyemi Ajao Busayo Isreal Ajuwon Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology Kwara State University

Objective:To investigate the phytochemical components of Abrus precatorius(***) and the in-vitro susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae to the aqueous extracts of *** leaf,seed and ***:The leaf,seed and root of *** were collected and homogenized separately after drying at 40℃ for seven days in hot-air *** aqueous extracts of each of the parts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical *** of 400,300,200,100 mg/mL,of each of the extracts were used for broth dilution in minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) determination against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae,while 50,40,30,20,and 10 mg/mL dilutions were used for the agar diffusion test and 100 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of gentamycin were used as controls for broth dilution in MIC determination and agar diffusion test,***:Qualitative study reveals that tannin,saponins,alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids and phenols were present in all of the plant *** leaf has the highest quantities of tannin and *** root generally showed the lowest quantity of all the *** pathogens were susceptible to aqueous extracts of the leaf,stem and root of *** at 50 mg/*** concentrations of 40,30 and 20 mg/mL,all the aqueous extracts of *** showed variation in MIC,but produced no minimum bactericide effect upon *** were variations in diameter of zone of inhibition against the organisms at lower ***:These findings suggest that *** is a valuable source of phytochemicals with promising antibacterial *** this bioactivity,*** could be probed further for toxicity,and to obtain some novel antibacterial molecules.

关键词： Abrus precatorius Phytochemicals Antibacterial susceptibility Salmonella Shigella

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Genetic Variation in Tropical Tree Species and Plantations: A Review

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第3期12卷 350-366页

作者： Tomiwa Victor Oluwajuwon racheal Attafuah Chinedu Joevita Offiah Doris Krabel Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products Technische Universit&#228 t Dresden Tharandt Germany Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University of G&#246 ttingen G&#246 ttingen Germany Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology Technische Universit&#228 t Dresden Tharandt Germany

The global efforts to restore tropical forests and their productive and ecological functions through plantation forestry largely depend on the available genetic variation in the tree species used to establish the plantations. However, there is limited information on the levels and trends of the genetic variation and variability of different plantation tree species in the tropics. Therefore, this study reviews several marker-based studies that have investigated genetic variation. Most of the top economic species like Eucalyptus tereticornis and Mansonia altissima are attributed to low levels of genetic diversity, while others like Pinus caribaea and Swietenia macrophylla still exhibit high expected heterozygosity across different populations. However, the levels of genetic diversity assessed may depend on the markers used. Microsatellites, i.e., simple sequence repeats (SSRs), mostly give higher estimates when compared to other polymerase chain reaction-based markers. Other factors that typically contribute to the directional pattern of genetic variation in tropical tree species and populations include their distribution, density, seed dispersal, succession, and reproduction. Also, anthropogenic impacts like logging and fragmentation have contributed to the vast genetic base reduction of many tropical species and populations. Having adequate genetic variation within the plantation populations is significant in improving their fitness, resilience, fecundity, productivity, and other ecological functions. It also provides a basis for tree improvement and breeding in plantation forests. Although clonal forestry is becoming widespread and considered highly productive, it is attributed to specific economic, technical, and ecological risks, such as the increased spread of pests and diseases. Therefore, further discussions and recommendations to maximise genetic diversity in tropical (clonal) plantations are provided.

关键词： Genetic Diversity Genetic Variation Tropical Plantations Tropical Tree Species Clonal Forestry

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Dexamethasone Regimens Alter Spatial Memory and Anxiety Levels in Mice

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第4期4卷 159-167页

作者： Olakunle James Onaolapo Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo Olufunmi racheal Akinola Tolulope Oluwakemi Anisulowo Department of Human Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomosho Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Oshogbo Nigeria

Acute and sub chronic effects of oral dexamethasone on anxiety and memory in mice were evaluated using the elevated plus maze, Y maze and radial arm maze. Adult male Swiss albino mice assigned to five groups were given vehicle (normal saline), a standard drug (Diazepam or Scopolamine) or one of three selected doses of dexamethasone (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) daily for a period of 14 days. Behavioral tests were carried out on days 1 and 14 after administration. Results were analysed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a posthoc test (Student-Newman-Keul) and expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Elevated plus maze test showed a significant reduction in the time spent in the open arm and in the number of open arm entries compared to control. Results of radial arm and Y maze tasks showed an improvement in spatial memory following dexamethasone administration. Y maze locomotor activity was significantly increased, although radial arm maze exploration did not increase significantly. The study concluded that oral dexamethasone given either acutely or sub chronically has both anxiogenic and memory enhancing effects.

关键词： Neurobehavior Dexamethasone Animal Models Anxiety

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Potential Application of Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus delbrueckii FASHADFF1 (LDYG2) and Weissella confusa FASHADFF1 (WCFF1) in Sourdough Bread Production

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第8期12卷 481-499页

作者： racheal Oluwayemisi Fashogbon Jadesola Sanusi Gbemisola Elizabeth Ogunleye Moyinoluwa Oreoluwa Akintunde Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo Department of Biological Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Cresent University Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Kola Daisi University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Baking of sourdough is a common practice and has the advantage of improving the nutritional value, sensory qualities and increasing the shelf life of the bread. This study therefore focus on the antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of exopolysaccharides form Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and its application in sourdough production. The Lactobacillus delbrueckii LDYG2 and Weissella confusa WCFF1 were collected from the culture collection Centre and the LABs were maintained in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. Modified Exopolysaccharide Selection Medium (mESM) was used to produce the EPS while the total sugar concentration was determined using phenol-sulfuric acid method. The antibacterial, antioxidant, proximate, physical, organoleptic properties and the shelf life of the SDB produced were also evaluated. The quantity of EPS produced by LDYG2 and WCFF1 ranged from 4743.75 - 5090.03 g/L. Eight different sugars were present in both EPSLD and EPSWC with high antibacterial activity (24 mm and 23 mm) against B. cereus and S. aureus respectively. EPSLD and EPSWC had antioxidant capacity increased in a dose dependent (0.5 - 10 mg/mL) manner. EPSWCSDB had the highest proximate content except for moisture content. There was a significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) in the shelf life extension of the sourdough bread. WCEPSSDB was generally accepted in terms of colour, aroma, taste, texture and palatability. EPS produced by L. delbrueckii (EPSLD) and W. confusa (EPSWC) has antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity and can be used in production of nutraceutical sourdough bread with an improved shelf life and high consumer acceptability.

关键词： Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharide Antimicrobial Antioxidant Sourdough Bread Shelf Life

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Meteorological Drought Detection and Forecast Using Standardized Precipitation Index and Univariate Distribution Models: Case Study of Bamako, Mali

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 30-55页

作者： Alikalifa Sanogo Prince Appiah Owusu Roland Songotu Kabange Bakary Issa Djire racheal Fosu Donkoh Nasser Dia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Kumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematical Sciences Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA

As an extended period of unusually dry weather conditions without sufficient rain, drought poses enormous risk on societies. Characterized by the absence of precipitation for long periods of time, often resulting in water scarcity, droughts are increasingly posing significant environmental challenges. Drought is therefore considered an important element in the management of water resources, especially groundwater resources during drought. This study therefore sought to investigate the rainfall variability and the frequency of drought for the period 1991 to 2020 in Bamako based on monthly rainfall data from Bamako-Senou gauge station. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) for 12-month, 6-month and 3-month timescales and the SPI for annual totals were used to characterized drought in the study area (Bamako). Univariate parametric probability distributions such as Normal, Log-normal, Gumbel type I and Pearson type III (P3) distributions were fitted with drought variables (severity and duration) for future planning and management. Non-parametric test such as Mann-Kendall trend test was also used to detect trend in annual rainfall data. The results showed that based on 12-month SPI, Bamako experienced two (02) extreme droughts one in July 2002 (SPI = -2.2165) and another in June 2015 (SPI = -2.0598 QUOTE SPI=-2.0598 ). Drought years represented 46.67% for the overall periods according to the SPI for annual totals. The result further indicated that based on the goodness of fit test, the P3 distribution represents the best fitted distribution to both drought severity and duration over Bamako. Bamako is expected to experience several severe severities with higher and shorter duration in the future. Severities with 1, 2, 6, and 10-month duration had return periods ranged from 2.4 to 3.8 years, while 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100-year return periods had 18.51, 26.08, 33.25, 35.50, 42.38, and 49.14 severities, respectively, and durations associated to these severities were 1

关键词： Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Rainfall Variability Univariate Proba-bility Distribution Drought Bamako

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Investigation into Recent Temperature and Rainfall Trends in Mali Using Mann-Kendall Trend Test: Case Study of Bamako

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 155-172页

作者： Alikalifa Sanogo Roland Songotu Kabange Prince Appiah Owusu Bakary Issa Djire racheal Fosu Donkoh Nasser Dia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Kumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematical Sciences Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA

Rainfall and temperature variability analysis is important for researchers and policy formulators in making critical decisions on water availability and use in communities. The Western Sahel, which comprises Mali is considered as one of the vulnerable regions to climate change, and also encountered the challenges of climatic shocks such as flood and drought. This research therefore sought to investigate climate change effects on hydrological events and trends in Sahelian rainfall intensity using Bamako (Mali) as a case study from 1991 to 2020, as limited data availability did not allow an extended period of study. Monthly observed data provided by MALI-METEO was used to validate daily rainfalls data from African Rainfall Climatology Version 2 (ARC2) satellite-based rainfall product on monthly basis. The validated model performance used Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percent Bias (PBAIS) and gave results of 0.904 and 1.0506 respectively. Trends in annual maximum temperatures and rainfalls were analyzed using Mann-Kendall trend test. The result indicated that the trend in annual maximum rainfalls was decreasing, while annual total rainfall was increasing but not significant at 5% significance level. The rate of increase in annual total rainfalls was 0.475 mm/year according to the observed annual rainfall series and decreased to 0.68 mm/year in annual maximum. The analysis further found that annual maximum temperatures were increasing at the rate of 0.03°C/year at 5% significance level. To provide more accurate climate predictions, it is recommended that further studies on rainfall and temperature with data sets spanning 60 - 90 years be carried out.

关键词： Sahel Countries Bamako Recent Trends Mann-Kendall Trend Test Climate Change

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