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Impact of global climate change on stream low flows:A case study of the great Miami river watershed, Ohio, USA

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 84-95页

作者： Sabin Shrestha Suresh Sharma Rishabh Gupta rabin bhattarai Civil and Environmental Program Youngstown State UniversityYoungstownOH 44555USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Climate change will profoundly affect hydrological processes at various temporal and spatial *** study is focused on assessing the alteration of water resources availability and low flows frequencies driven by changing climates in different time periods of the 21st *** study evaluates the adaptability of prevailing Global Circulation Models(GCMs)on a particular watershed through streamflow *** analysis was conducted in the Great Miami River Watershed,Ohio by analyzing historical and future simulated streamflow using 10 climate model outputs and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).The climate change scenarios,consisting of ten downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparision Project Phase 5(CMIP5)climate models in combination with two Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5)were selected based on the correlation between observed records and model *** for three future periods,2016-2043,2044-2071 and 2072-2099,were independently analyzed and compared with the baseline period(1988-2015).Results from the average of ten models projected that 7-day low flows in the watershed would increase by 19%in the 21st century under both *** trend was also consistent for both hydrological(7Q10,1Q10)and biological low flow statistics(4B3,1B3).Similarly,average annual flow and monthly flows would also increase in future periods,especially in the *** flows simulated by SWAT in response to the majority of climate model projections showed a consistent increase in low flow ***,the flow estimates using the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model(MPI-ESM-LR)climate output resulted in the biological based low flows(4B3,1B3)decreasing by 22.5%and 33.4%under RCP 4.5 and 56.9%and 63.7%under RCP 8.5,respectively,in the future when compared to the baseline ***,the low flow ensemble from the 10 climate models for the 21st century seemed to be slightly higher than that of historical low flows.

关键词： climate change low flows SWAT climate models Great Miami River Watershed

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Investigation of Rotavirus Survival in Different Soil Fractions and Temperature Conditions

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 1-9页

作者： Paul C. Davidson Theresa B. Kuhlenschmidt rabin bhattarai Prasanta K. Kalita Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois Urbana USA. Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois Urbana USA Waterborne Environmental Inc. Champaign USA

Rotavirus is a leading cause of gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Rotavirus transmission occurs fecalorally, and becomes a critical water quality issue when soil and water resources are contaminated with feces. Transport of pathogens to surface water sources depends on their survival in the soil, especially considering the fact that large amounts of fecal material are often applied to agricultural lands as fertilizer. In this study, rotavirus survival was investigated in three different soil fractions and at three different temperatures (4℃, 25℃ and 37℃). A rotavirus suspension was mixed with whole soil, sand, and clay and allowed to incubate for up to 18 days. Samples were collected daily to investigate virus survival over time, which was quantified using a tissue-culture infectivity assay. Results indicated, in the absence of any soil particles, rotavirus survival was highest at 4℃, with survival decreasing as temperature increased. These data also indicated whole soil had some protective effect, allowing rotavirus to survive better in soil for the entire range of temperatures and for more than a week at 37℃. The results also showed that sand fractions were the most effective media for reducing rotavirus recovery at all temperature conditions tested. Although the mechanism responsible for the low recovery from sand is unknown, there is little or no infective rotavirus extracted from sand fractions. This finding strongly supports the use of sand as a filtering material to remove rotavirus from both point and nonpoint sources of water pollution.

关键词： Water Quality Pathogens Public Health Fate and Transport

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