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Effects of Imperfect Quality and Defective Items on Economic Production Lot Size

厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 247-页

作者： raafat N Ibrahim Paul Lochert Department of Mechanical Engineering Monash UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Monash University AustraliaAustralia

The classical EPQ model has been used for a long ti me and is widely accepted and implemented. Nevertheless, the analysis for finding an economic lot size has based on a number of unrealistic assumptions. A common unrealistic assumption in using EPQ is that all units produced are of good quali ty. The classical EPQ model shows that the optimal lot size will generate minimum ma nufacturing cost, thus producing minimum setup cost and inventory cost. however, this is only true if all products manufactured in the process are assumed to be of good quality (i.e. all products are within the specification limits). In rea lity this is not the case, therefore, it is necessary to consider the cost of im perfect quality items, because this cost can influence the economic lot size. Ma ny studies and recent papers have indicated that there is a significant relation ship between economic production lot size and process/product quality. however, their models included either the imperfect quality items (not necessarily de fective) which are to be sold at a discounted price or defective items which can be reworked or rejected. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework to integrate three different sit uations (discounted pricing/rework/reject) into a single model. 100% inspection is performed in order to distinguish the amount of good quality items, imper fect quality items and defective items in each lot. In this paper, a mathematica l model is developed, and a numerical example is presented to illustrate the sol ution procedures. It is found that the economic production lot size tends to inc rease as the average percentage of imperfect quality items and defectives (rejec ted items) increases.

关键词： EPQ lot size imperfect/defective items

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Synchronous Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Stage III and IV head and Neck Cancer: Comparing Cisplatin with Capecitabine

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第6期3卷 1045-1051页

作者： Sherif A. raafat Emmad E. habib Ashraf M. Maurice Clinical Oncology Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt Otolaryngology Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of concurrent intravenous cisplatin versus oral capecitabine with radical radiotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Materials and methods: Between January 2007 and December 2009, 60 patients with stage III/IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (0 to 1 performance status) were enrolled into this study. Thirty cases are given cisplatin 30 mg/m2 IV infusion weekly for 6 weeks with conventional radiotherapy. The remaining thirty cases are given oral capecitabine 500 mg/m2 twice daily, continuously for 28 - 35 days with conventional radiotherapy also. The radiotherapy dose was 4600 cGy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks to primary and neck nodes followed by boost to primary site and any residual disease 1500 - 2000 cGy in 6 to 8 fractions. Results: The median age was 53 (range 25 - 71) years;10 cases had stage III disease, 36 cases IVa disease and 14 cases IVb disease. Seventy-three percent of patients completed the course of capecitabine and 80% completed prescribed cisplatin. There were no treatment-related deaths, grade 4 haematological toxicity or grade 3 renal toxicity in either arm. The complete response rate at 3 months was 77% (23/30 patients) in the capecitabine group and 60% (18/30) in the cisplatin group. Relapse occurred in 10/30 (33%) patients by 2 years in the capecitabine group and in 12/30 (40%) in the cisplatin group. On analysis of survival data, the median follow-up period was 35 ± 15 months for overall survival and 33 ± 10 months for disease free survival. The overall survival, and disease-free survival rates at 2 years were 67%, and 85%, respectively for the capecitabine group versus 60% and 73% for the cisplatin group. Conclusion: Synchronous chemo-radiotherapy with capecitabine was found to be very effective, with excellent response, local control and 3-year cancer-specific survival rates.

关键词： Capecitabine Cisplatin Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the head and Neck Synchronous Chemoradiotherapy

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Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Prediction of Latency Period in Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第11期10卷 1616-1630页

作者： Ahmed Shrief Abd Elhamid Ahmed hamdi El-Sefi Tarek Aly raafat Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major cause of Pretem Birth (PTB), Pretem Birth (PTB) is the most significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cervical length (CL), posterior uterocervical angle (PUCA) and anterior uterocervical angle (AUCA) have been postulated in several studies to have an important role in prediction of PTB. Up to our knowledge, this is the first study that combines the three cervical parameters in prediction of latency period in women with PPROM. Aim of the Work: To assess the accuracy of cervical length, posterior uterocervical angle and anterior uterocervical angle in prediction of latency period in women with Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Subjects and Methods: A Prospective cohort study on

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Evaluation of the Antitumor and Radiosynthetizing Activity of a Novel Quinoline Sulfonamide Derivative (PIQSA) as a histone Deacetylase Inhibitor

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第4期2卷 567-578页

作者： Eman Noaman Nadia Fahmy raafat Yousri Omama El Shawi Maha Ghazy 不详

Inhibition of histone deacetylases (hDACs) is emerging as a new strategy in cancer therapy. In the present work a novel pyrimido-quinoline benzene sulfonamide (PIQSA compound) was designed and synthesized postulating its ability to inhibit hDAC enzyme in cancer cells. This study was designed to examine the in vitro anti-tumor efficacy of PIQSA against Ehrlich Ascite carcinoma cells (EAC) and three of the human cancer cell lines (h460), brain (U251) and liver (hepG2). The results of Cytotoxic assays showed that PIQSA exhibited in vitro antitumor activity in a dose dependant manner. The tumor growth delay studies indicating that PIQSA resulted in significant regression in tumor growth, which was more pronounced when PIQSA treatment accompanied with radiation exposure. Also, the efficacy of PIQSA to influence radiation response in Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC) tumors was estimated. The results suggest that PIQSA exhibited antitumor activities and strong radioenhancing properties associated with inhibition of hDAC activity, DNA fragmentation followed by apoptotic cell death, preferential cell loss of cells particularly in G1/G0 phase through an apoptotic pathway.

关键词： Antitumor Radiosynthetization Quinoline Derivative Sulfonamide Moiety hDACI Apoptosis Cell Cycle DNA Fragmentation

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Evaluation of BCG Vaccine Immunogenicity in Relation to Vitamin D Status in a Group of Egyptian Children

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第2期10卷 320-331页

作者： Azza abdelrahman abdelgawad houda Abd El Azim Saoud Amal Gaber Mohamed Manal Ahmed Fathi Entesar raafat Mokhtar Research Institute of Ophthalmology Giza Egypt Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt

Background: Vitamin D has an immuomodulatory role in vaccine response and this may be mediated via its action on antigen presenting cells with the most potent effects on dendritic cells. Aim of work: was to determine if there is an association between circulating 25(OH)D concentrations and BCG vaccine cytokine response (interferon gamma) level. Methods: A cross sectional study included 80 infants aged 4 - 9 months from the pediatric outpatient clinic of Al-Zahraa university hospital (40 with normal weight and 40 with underweight). Participants were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations, particularly 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and BCG vaccine-induced interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Results: The study showed that the underweight group had a lower socioeconomic level and higher percentage of breastfeeding compared with the normal weight group. Most infants in our study received vitamin D supplementation (80% and 62.5% in normal and underweight groups, respectively). The average serum level of 25(OH)D was relatively high (>100 ng/ml) in bothhlk34497752"> normal and underweight groups. The mean levels of IFN-γ in response to BCG vaccine were not significantly different between the normal and underweight groups of infants in our study. Al

关键词： Vit D BCG Normal Weight Underweight

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基于分子模拟的沥青—集料氧化物交互作用研究

基于分子模拟的沥青—集料氧化物交互作用研究

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作者：拉法特（Malaeb raafat）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

随着各国交通基础设施的不断发展、完善,沥青路面凭借其行车舒适、噪声小、易维修等优点在公路中占据了主导地位;然而,在日益增重的交通荷载与多变的气候环境综合作用下沥青路面极易发生水损害,产生早期破坏,进而缩短沥青路面使用寿命... 详细信息

随着各国交通基础设施的不断发展、完善,沥青路面凭借其行车舒适、噪声小、易维修等优点在公路中占据了主导地位;然而,在日益增重的交通荷载与多变的气候环境综合作用下沥青路面极易发生水损害,产生早期破坏,进而缩短沥青路面使用寿命。沥青与集料之间的交互作用决定了沥青混合料的水稳定性,因此,有必要研究沥青与集料之间的交互作用;而且目前对于沥青与集料交互作用的研究基本都是采用试验的方法,采用模拟的方法从分子层面上开展的研究较少。基于上述背景,本文将采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究水分存在条件下沥青与集料氧化物之间的交互作用,为提高沥青混合料水稳定性、延长沥青路面使用寿命提供理论与技术支持首先,介绍了研究采用的分析动力学模拟(MD)方法和使用的模拟软件Materials Studio;总结了沥青与集料交互作用机理;分析了沥青材料的组分组成和集料的氧化物组成,并确定本研究采用的沥青为基质沥青和橡胶沥青作为,集料的主要氧化物为SiO、CaO、AlO、Mg O、FeO。其次,构建了沥青四组分及橡胶的分子结构,在此基础上建立了10℃、25℃、40℃、60℃条件下基质沥青和橡胶沥青的分子结构单元模型,同时建立五种氧化物的分子模型,然后利用Materials Studio计算了沥青和氧化物的力学性能指标,包括体积模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量、泊松比和可压缩性;除此,还构建了沥青/水/氧化物分子模型。最后,对10℃、25℃、40℃、60℃条件下沥青/水/氧化物模型进行分子动力学模拟,并采用界面能作为沥青与集料氧化物交互作用强弱的评价指标。结果表明:有水分存在时,基质沥青、橡胶沥青与五种氧化物的交互作用强弱顺序有所不同,分别为:CaO>SiO>AlO>FeO>Mg O、CaO>Mg O>SiO>FeO>AlO,基质沥青、橡胶沥青与氧化物间的界面能分别在40℃和10℃时最大;没有水分时,温度对界面能的影响极小,五种氧化物与基质沥青、橡胶沥青的交互作用强弱顺序相同:AlO>CaO>FeO>SiO>MgO。

关键词：沥青集料氧化物交互作用分子动力学模拟

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Numerical Solution of MhD Boundary Layer Flow of Non-Newtonian Casson Fluid on a Moving Wedge with heat and Mass Transfer and Induced Magnetic Field

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2015年第6期3卷 649-663页

作者： Nabil T. El-Dabe Ahmed Y. Ghaly raafat R. Rizkallah Karem M. Ewis Ameen S. Al-Bareda Department of Mathematics Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Engineering El-Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt

The paper investigates the numerical solution of the magnetohydrodynamics (MhD) boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian Casson fluid on a moving wedge with heat and mass transfer. The effects of thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo with induced magnetic field are taken in consideration. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the similarity transformation and solved numerically by using finite difference method (FDM). The effects of various governing parameters, on the velocity, temperature and concentration are displayed through graphs and discussed numerically. In order to verify the accuracy of the present results, we have compared these results with the analytical solutions by using the differential transform method (DTM). It is observed that this approximate numerical solution is in good agreement with the analytical solution. Furthermore, comparisons of the present results with previously published work show that the present results have high accuracy.

关键词： Casson Fluid Induced Magnetic Field Boundary Layer Moving Wedge Radiation Soret and Dufour Effects

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Combination of Paracetamol and the Glutathione Depleting Agent Buthionine Sulfoximine Show Differential Effect on Liver Cancer Cells and Normal hepatocytes

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第11期7卷 443-458页

作者： Marwa E. Sayour Rania M. Abd El Salam Mohamed F. Elyamany Abeer M. El Sayed raafat A. El-Awady National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt Department of Pathology National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

Background: Paracetamol exerts toxic effects on liver cells through its metabolism into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which is detoxified by conjugation with cellular glutathione (GSh). Once GSh is depleted, NAPQI stimulates a range of oxidative reactions that result in cell necrosis. The aim of the present investigation is to find a new strategy that would selectively protect normal hepatic tissues and sensitize liver cancer cells to the toxic effects of paracetamol or its metabolite. This may lead to the development of a targeted therapy for liver cancer. Methods: The anti-proliferative effects of paracetamol and buthionine sulfoximine BSO (a glutathione depleting agent) alone and in combination on the liver cancer cells hepG2 and normal rat hepatocytes were investigated by sulphorhodamine-B assay. Effects on cell cycle regulation and induction of apoptosis were tested by flow cytometry. The level of prostaglandin expression was measured by ELISA. Results: The present study showed that both agents alone or in combination have anti-proliferative effects on both cell types. Surprisingly, BSO showed a cytoprotective effects on normal hepatocytes treated with high concentrations (1.75 and 2 mM) of paracetamol. This was confirmed by cell cycle analysis that recorded decreased fraction of sub-G1 cells indicating reduction of apoptosis in normal hepatocytes. Analysis of prostaglandin E2 revealed differential effects of paracetamol on normal and liver cancer cells. A significant increase in PGE2 level over the control was observed in normal hepatocytes whereas a significant decrease was seen in hepG2 cells after treatment with paracetamol. Conclusion: These results indicate that combination of paracetamol/BSO has differential effects on liver cancer cells and normal hepatocytes, which opens the avenue for a new effective and selective combination for management of liver cancer.

关键词： Paracetamol Buthionine Sufoximine (BSO) Selective GSh Depletion hepG2 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

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造血干细胞移植患者中抗真菌预防治疗的成本-效果分析

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中国药物经济学 2009年第3期4卷 58-68页

作者： Warren Schonfeld J Wang Cheng Kuo B Tong raafat Seifeldin 杨莉

背景:米卡芬净已经被批准用于对造血干细胞移植患者中念珠菌感染的预防治疗。一项临床Ⅲ期、多中心的随机双盲对比试验入组了882例成年及儿童患者,该试验发现米卡芬净能预防系统性真菌感染使其发生率显著降低,并在经验性抗真菌治疗方面... 详细信息

背景:米卡芬净已经被批准用于对造血干细胞移植患者中念珠菌感染的预防治疗。一项临床Ⅲ期、多中心的随机双盲对比试验入组了882例成年及儿童患者,该试验发现米卡芬净能预防系统性真菌感染使其发生率显著降低,并在经验性抗真菌治疗方面优于氟康唑在造血干细胞移植后的中性粒细胞减少期内作为抗真菌预防治疗的效果。尽管米卡芬净比氟康唑的药品费用高,但它可以降低相关治疗费用。目的:对米卡芬净与氟康唑在接受造血干细胞移植患者中的预防治疗作用进行成本-效果分析。方法:从医院角度出发,费用计算从患者入院开始至出院结束,效果基于临床试验取得的临床转归数据。采用已经发表的文献估算与造血干细胞移植和预防治疗、经验性抗真菌治疗和一次可能或确诊的念珠菌或曲霉感染的治疗相关的费用。每个治疗组都进行了平均成本-效果比的计算。为了检验分析结果的变化采用了重复抽样,还使用Bootstrap法对从每个治疗组随机抽取的100例患者进行了1000次模拟分析。计算了增量成本-效果比,并对不同成本进行了敏感度分析。结果:本研究分析的数据来自882例患者[527例男性,355例女性;使用米卡芬净患者425例,平均年龄43.2岁(年龄0.6～73.0岁);使用氟康唑患者457例,平均年龄41.9岁(年龄0.6～71.0岁)]。米卡芬净治疗组和氟康唑治疗组每例患者的总住院费用分别是121098美元和124957美元,相差3859美元。Bootstrap分析表明米卡芬净预防治疗真菌感染在72.4%的样本中节省了费用,而氟康唑预防治疗仅在9.2%的样本中节省了费用。对住院费用的敏感度分析表明米卡芬净是一种具有良好成本-效果的治疗方法。结论:本研究通过对一项接受造血干细胞移植的成年和儿童患者进行的临床试验获得的数据分析发现,米卡芬净与氟康唑相比能减少抗真菌预防治疗的住院费用和总的相关治疗费用。

关键词：成本-效果分析抗真菌预防治疗米卡芬净氟康唑造血干细胞移植

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hepatobiliary manifestations following two-stages elective laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy for patients with ulcerative colitis:A prospective observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第2期15卷 234-248页

作者： Tamer A A M habeeb Abdulzahra hussain Mauro Podda Pasquale Cianci Bruce Ramshaw Khaled Safwat Wesam M Amr Tamer Wasefy Alaa A Fiad Mohamed Ibrahim Mansour Adel Mahmoud Moursi GamalOsman Anass Qasem Mohamed Fawzy Mohamed Ibrahim Abo Alsaad Abd-Elfattah Kalmoush MohammedShaaban Nassar Fawzy M Mustafa Mahmoud hassib Morsi Badawy Ahmed hamdy hamdi Elbelkasi Bassam Mousa Abd-Elrahman M Metwalli Walid A Mawla Mostafa M Elaidy Muhammad Ali Baghdadi Ahmed raafat Department of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig 44759SharkiaEgypt homerton University hospital London E96SRUK Department of Surgical Science University of CagliariCagliari 2432Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Universitàdegli studi di FoggiaFoggia 546Italy MD CQInsights PBC Co-founder&CEOTennesseeTN 37010United States Department of Internal Medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 2355Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Suez UniversitySuez 235Egypt Department of General Surgery Faculty of Medicine-Merit UniversitySohag 82511Egypt Department of General Surgery Al-azhar UniversityCairo 285Egypt Department of hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic(hBP)Surgery National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research InstituteCairo 285Egypt Department of General Surgery Mataryia Teaching HospitalCairo 285Egypt

BACKGROUND hepatobiliary manifestations occur in ulcerative colitis(UC)*** effect of laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy(LRP)with ileal pouch anal anastomosis(IPAA)on hepatobiliary manifestations is *** To evaluate hepatobiliary changes after two-stages elective laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy for patients with *** Between June 2013 and June 2018,167 patients with hepatobiliary symptoms underwent two-stage elective LRP for UC in a prospective observational *** with UC and having at least one hepatobiliary manifestation who underwent LRP with IPAA were included in the *** patients were followed up for four years to assess the outcomes of hepatobiliary *** The patients'mean age was 36±8 years,and males predominated(67.1%).The most common hepatobiliary diagnostic method was liver biopsy(85.6%),followed by Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(63.5%),Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(62.5%),abdominal ultrasonography(35.9%),and Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(6%).The most common hepatobiliary symptom was Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)(62.3%),followed by fatty liver(16.8%)and gallbladder stone(10.2%).66.4%of patients showed a stable course after *** or regressive courses occurred in 16.8%of *** was 6%,and recurrence or progression of symptoms required surgery for 15%.Most PSC patients(87.5%)had a stable course,and only 12.5%became ***-thirds(64.3%)of fatty liver patients showed a regressive course,while one-third(35.7%)showed a stable *** rates were 98.8%,97%,95.8%,and 94%at 12 mo,24 mo,36 mo,and at the end of the *** In patients with UC who had LRP,there is a positive impact on hepatobiliary *** caused an improvement in PSC and fatty liver *** most prevalent unchanged course was PSC,while the most common improvement was fatty liver disease.

关键词： Courses hepatobiliary manifestations Primary sclerosing cholangitis Restorative proctocolectomy

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