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Engineered biomimicry for harvesting solar energy:a bird’s eye view

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2013年第2期4卷 83-90页

作者： raúl J.Martín-Palma Akhlesh lakhtakia Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

All three methodologies of engineered biomimicry–bioinspiration,biomimetics,and bioreplication–are represented in current research on harvesting solar *** processes and porous surfaces inspired by plants and certain marine animals,respectively,are being investigated for solar *** dye-sensitized solar cells deploy artificial photosynthesis,bioinspired nanostructuring of materials in solar cells improves *** textured coatings for solar cells have been shown to reduce optical reflectance and increase optical absorptance over a broad spectral *** lenses fabricated by a bioreplication technique offer similar promise for reduced reflectance by increasing the angular field of view.

关键词： bioinspiration biomimetics bioreplication solar cell artificial photosynthesis antireflective coating engineering biomimicry

Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.Silva Mariana G.Aguilar osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.l.Carvalho lúcia P.S.Pimenta Alan R.T.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e Tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

The life and Political leadership of gra?a Machel

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心理传记与质性心理学

心理传记与质性心理学 2024年第1期 126-154页

作者： Claude-Hélène Mayer University of Johannesburg South Africa

This article focuses on the life and political leadership of an extraordinary woman leader, gra?a Machel. gra?a Machel was born in very poor circumstances in rural Mozambique, became a fighter against colonialism, and married to Presidents: firstly, she married Samora Machel, later she married Nelson Mandela. At the same time, she followed her own political career, always promoting a political agenda of education, peace and distribution of wealth. Her political leadership is an extraordinary example for leaders in Southern Africa and the world. This psychobiography contributes to expanding the psychobiographies on extraordinary women in political leadership in Southern Africa. Its aim is to present new insights into the life of gra?a Machel and her political leadership as a woman leader in pan-African contexts from a psychobio-graphical perspective.

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Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders:Differences in body parameters and behavior

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 535-551页

作者： lászlóMezőfi Viktor Markó DóraÁgnes Taranyi Gábor Markó Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary Institute of Viticulture and Enology Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary

Selection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to *** in adult spiders(Araneae),sexes often differ in coloration,body size,antipredator,or foraging behavior,such sex-related differences are less pronounced among ***,sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for ***,we hypothesized that among spiders,immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features,and also in their *** used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider,Carrhotus xanthogramma,and examined sex-related *** results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than *** were more active and more risk tolerant than *** activity increased with time,and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones,while females showed no such ***,females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test *** both males and females,individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk *** showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral ***,we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes(i.e.,correlation between different behaviors),where in males,only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior,but in females,all the measured behavioral traits were *** present study demonstrates that *** sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.

关键词： activity behavioral syndrome boldness intraindividual variability repeatability sexual dimorphism

Pisco grape pomace:Iron/copper speciation and antioxidant properties,towards their comprehensive utilization

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 1213-1221页

作者： Fátima Rodríguez-ramos raúl Cañas-Sarazúa Vilbett Briones-labarca Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán Nachary 1305Box 5991720010La SerenaChile

The pisco and wine industry produces hundreds of tons of grape pomace each year in Chile,generating environmental problems,and demanding urgent strategies for its *** aim of this work was to study the pisco grape pomace based on a physicochemical characterization,an iron/copper speciation analysis,and the optimization for polyphenols recovery,establishing the polyphenolic profile,antioxidant properties,and the Fe^(2+)/Cu^(2+) chelating activity,to promote their revalorization as an ingredient with potential application in the food *** chemical characterization showed mainly high values for crude protein(15.36%dw)and potassium(9240.66 mg/kg).The Fe/Cu speciation depicted that iron and copper soluble forms in pisco pomace flour represented 70.57%and 52.18%,respectively,regarding total *** optimized extract showed mainly pyrogallol,catechin and epicatechin,with concentrations of 1078.43±60.14μg/g,883.20±7.57μg/g and,751.76±23.04μg/g,respectively,with a relevant antioxidant capacity by Oxygen radical Absorbance Capacity(OraC)of 1402.15μmol TE/g dw GPE and,a better chelating ability to complex Fe^(2+) than Cu^(2+).The pisco pomace was for the first time chemically characterize,showing it as a potential source of minerals and antioxidant biocompounds,making it a good candidate for nutritional applications,as a rich source of organic matter or even could be potentially utilized to produce value-added commodities,toward a circular economy.

关键词： Pisco grape pomace Polyphenols Chemical speciation analysis Antioxidant capacity Metal chelating ability

Extensive pollen immigration and no evidence of disrupted mating patterns or reproduction in a highly fragmented holm oak stand

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 384-395页

作者： Joaquín Ortego raúl Bonal Alberto Muñoz JoséMiguel Aparicio Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC(CSICUCLMJCCM)Ronda de Toledo s/nE-13005 Ciudad RealSpain Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)C/JoséGutiérrez Abascal 2E-28006 MadridSpain Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales Facultad de EducaciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridC/Rector Royo Villanova s/nE-28040 MadridSpain Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals(CREAF) Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 BarcelonaSpain

Aims Forest fragmentation and reduced tree population densities can poten-tially have negative impacts on mating patterns,offspring genetic diversity and reproductive *** aim of the present study is to test these hypotheses comparing an extremely fragmented,low tree density(~0.02 trees/ha)holm oak(Quercus ilex l.)stand from Central spain with a nearby high tree density stand(~50 trees/ha).Methods We genotyped adult trees and seeds from the low-density stand(436 seeds from 15 families)and the high-density stand(404 seeds from 11 families)using nine microsatellite *** these data,we performed paternity analyses,determined pollen flow,mating patterns and pollen pool structure,and estimated progeny genetic diversity in both *** also studied seed set and production and performed a pollen supplementation experiment to determine whether reduced tree density has limited foreign pollen *** Findings We have found extensive pollen immigration(>75%)into the low tree density stand and monte Carlo simulations revealed that pollen moves larger distances than expected from null models of random *** patterns and differentiation of pollen pools were similar in the high-density stand and the low-density stand but we found higher inter-annual differentiation of pollen pools in the *** genetic diversity and self-fertilization rates did not dif-fer between the low-density stand and the high-density *** set rates were significantly lower in the low-density stand than in the high-density stand and experimental cross-pollen supplementation evidenced that foreign pollen availability is indeed a limiting factor in the ***,seed crops did not differ between the low-density stand and the high-density stand,indicating that limitation of foreign pollen is not likely to be of great concern in terms of reduced seed production and potential *** forest regeneration due to other ecological and human fac

关键词： forest fragmentation genetic diversity paternity analyses pollen dispersal pollen pool structure selfing tree density

Quality indicators in subtropical soils of Formosa,Argentina:Changes for agriculturization process

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第4期2卷 13-24页

作者： Juan Esteban Baridón Roberto raúl Casas Universidad Nacional de la Plata Buenos AiresArgentina laboratorio de Suelos Aguas y Forrajes.Centro de Validación de Tecnologías Agropecuarias IbarretaIbarreta(CP 3624)FormosaArgentina Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales.Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria:Dr.Nicolás Repetto(ex las Cabañas)y los Reseros Castelar(CP1712)Buenos AiresArgentina

The agriculturization process has been defined as the advance of annual crops in different environments,in competition with traditional land uses such as agriculture rotations with *** Argentina and other countries agriculturization has different degrees of impact on natural *** the northeast region of the province of Formosa,Argentina,agriculturization includes deforestation(clear cutting,slash burning and plowing),technological improvements and changes in land *** of these alterations,it is necessary to define the state of the soil to evaluate its *** can be done by means of indicators,which are not universal;they differ according to the use,management and type of soils,weather conditions and *** objectives of this paper are:(1)To identify quality indicators for subtropical Argiudolls and Hapludolls;(2)To determine which indicators related to organic matter are most affected during *** changes produced in the Typic Hapludolls and Typic Argiudolls after 25 years of continuously using native forests,agriculture,fruit plantations and pastures were *** changes were in pH,electrical conductivity,total organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,total nitrogen,structural stability,hydraulic conductivity,respiration and dehydrogenase and urease and enzyme *** with significant differences between diverse uses were evaluated by multivariate methods,Principal Component Analysis,and Correlation *** results of this study showed that total organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,structural stability and dehydrogenase activity are the quality indicators most affected by *** are related to organic matter.

关键词： Hapludolls Argiudolls Soil quality Soil use

Mid-term outcomes of a kinematically designed cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 118-128页

作者： Jonathan l Katzman Akram A Habibi Muhammad A Haider Casey Cardillo Ivan Fernandez-Madrid Morteza Meftah ran Schwarzkopf Department of Orthopedic Surgery Division of Adult Reconstructive SurgeryNYU Langone Orthopedic HospitalNYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10010United States

BACKGROUND Advances in implant material and design have allowed for improvements in total knee arthroplasty(TKA)outcomes.A cruciate retaining(CR)TKA provides the least constraint of TKA designs by preserving the native posterior cruciate *** research exists that has examined clinical outcomes or patient reported outcome measures(PROMs)of a large cohort of patients undergoing a CR TKA utilizing a kinematically designed *** was hypothesized that the studied CR Knee System would demonstrate favorable outcomes and a clinically significant improvement in pain and functional *** To assess both short-term and mid-term clinical outcomes and PROMs of a novel CR TKA *** A retrospective,multi-surgeon study identified 255 knees undergoing a TKA utilizing a kinematically designed CR Knee System(JOURNEY™II CR;Smith and Nephew,Inc.,Memphis,TN)at an urban,academic medical institution between March 2015 and July 2021 with a minimum of two-years of clinical follow-up with an orthopedic *** demographics,surgical information,clinical outcomes,and PROMs data were collected via query of electronic medical *** PROMs collected in the present study included the Knee Injury and osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement(KOos JR)and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS■)*** significance of improvements in mean PROM scores from preoperative scores to scores collected at six months and two-years postoperatively was analyzed using Independent Samples *** Of the 255 patients,65.5%were female,43.8%were White,and patients had an average age of 60.6 *** osteoarthritis(96.9%)was the most common primary *** mean surgical time was 105.3 minutes and mean length of stay was 2.1 d with most patients discharged home(92.5%).There were 18 emergency department(ED)visits within 90 d of surgery resulting in a 90 d ED visit rate of 7.1%,including a 2.4%orthopedic-related ED visit ra

关键词： Total knee arthroplasty Cruciate retaining Kinematic design Survivorship Bearing material Prosthetic design Clinical outcomes Patient-reported outcome measures

MgO-based adsorbents for CO2 adsorption:Influence of structural and textural properties on the CO_2 adsorption performance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 418-428页

作者： Gutiérrez-Bonilla Elvira gra.a.os-Correa Francisco Sánchez-Mendieta Víctor Morales-luckie raúl Alberto National Institute of Nuclear Research Department of ChemistryA.P.18-1027Col.EscandonMigud Hidalgo DelegationZip Code 1180 Mexico D.F.Mexico Autonomous University of Mexieo State Faculty of ChemistryColon avenueintersection with ride Tollocan s/n TolucaMexicoMexico

A series of MgO-based adsorbents were prepared through solution–combustion synthesis and ball-milling *** prepared MgO-based powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,N_2 physisorption measurements,and employed as potential adsorbents for CO_2 *** influence of structural and textural properties of these adsorbents over the CO_2 adsorption behaviour was also *** results showed that MgO-based products prepared by solution–combustion and ball-milling processes,were highly porous,fluffy,nanocrystalline structures in nature,which are unique physico-chemical properties that significantly contribute to enhance their CO_2 *** was found that the MgO synthesized by solution combustion process,using a molar ratio of urea to magnesium nitrate（2：1）,and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr（MgO-BM2.5h）,exhibited the maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity of 1.611 mmol/g at 25℃ and 1 atm,mainly via *** CO_2 adsorption behaviour on the MgO-based adsorbents was correlated to their improved specific surface area,total pore volume,pore size distribution and *** reusability of synthesized MgO-BM2.5h was confirmed by five consecutive CO_2adsorption–desorption times,without any significant loss of performance,that supports the potential of MgO-based *** results confirmed that the special features of MgO prepared by solution–combustion and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr are favorable to be used as effective MgO-based adsorbent in post-combustion CO_2 capture technologies.

关键词： CO_2 adsorption MgO-based adsorbents Porous materials Solution–combustion synthesis Ball-milling process Textural properties