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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refra.tive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel Signes-Soler Alfred ra.ot Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa ra.l Montalbán llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio Sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Clinica Baviera.Alicante C/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refra.tive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVAl(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESUlTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(ra.ge 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age ra.ge of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the luhya group(60.6%)followed by luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(ra.ge 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(cillence was 1.26%of the total *** our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refra.tive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refra.tive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refra.tive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refra.tive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refra.tive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refra.tive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

Chi-square automatic intera.tion detection(CHAID)analysis of the use of safety goggles and face masks as personal protective equipment(PPE)to protect against occupational biohazards

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2024年第2期6卷 125-133页

作者： ra.l Aguilar-Elena Juán JoséAgún-Gonz.l.z Universidad Internacional de Valencia ValenciaSpain

Background:This study represents the first Spanish investigation to rigorously evaluate compliance with the use of safety goggles and face masks as essential personal protective equipment(PPE)in companies with workplaces involving exposure to biological ***:This study aimed to examine the degree of use of face masks and safety goggles as personal protective equipment(PPE),the factors that influence their use,and the profile of workers exposed to occupational biological agents in Spanish companies in the health sector,farming sector,meat industry,waste treatment plants,food industry,and veterinary ***:We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 590 Spanish workers from 51 *** developed a 34-item questionnaire to assess workers’perception of risk related to exposure to biological agents in their *** the questions,three were designed to measure the degree of use of key protective equipment in sectors with biological agent exposure:protective gloves,safety goggles or face *** only analyzed safety goggles and face *** performed various statistical analyses,including Cronbach’s alpha,frequency of endorsement,content validity ra.io using lawshe’s method,varimax rotation,the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test,and Bartlett’s sphericity test,to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the ***,we employed a chi-square automatic intera.tion detection(CHAID)segmentation analysis,using workers’responses regarding their attitudes toward safety goggles and face mask usage as PPE for protection against biological risks,with demogra.hic variables as independent ***:In the current study,CHAID analysis revealed that workers exposed to group 2 biological agents used more safety goggles and face shields compared with workers exposed to other groups of biological ***,workers in labora.ories and the food industry used face masks more than workers of other ***

关键词： PPE Safety googles and breath mask CHAID Biological Agents Occupational Biosafety

Sodium-glucose cotra.sporter-2 inhibitors protect tissues via cellular and mitochondrial pathways:Experimental and clinical evidence

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 46-52页

作者： ra.l lelio Sanz Sebastián García Menéndez Felipe Inserra.leon Ferder Walter Manucha Department of Pathology Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Pharmacology Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de CuyoCentro Científico TecnológicoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Nephrology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina Department of Cardiology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and *** dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which cause oxidative stress and *** II,the main mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,also contributes to CVD by promoting ROS *** activity of sirtuins(SIRTs),a family of proteins that regulate cellular metabolism,also worsens oxidative *** of energy production by mitochondria is a common feature of all metabolic *** SIRT levels and 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta,which promotes ***,in turn,increases autophagy and mitophagy,processes that clear cells of debris and protect against *** cotra.sporter-2 inhibitors(SGlT2i),a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes,have a beneficial effect on these *** clinical trials have shown that SGlT2i improves cardiac function and reduces the ra.e of cardiovascular and renal ***2i also increase mitochondrial efficiency,reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and strengthen *** findings suggest that SGlT2i hold great potential for the treatment of ***,they are proposed as anti-aging drugs;however,rigorous research is needed to validate these preliminary findings.

关键词： Sodium-glucose cotra.sporter-2 inhibitors Cardiovascular diseases Sirtuins Oxidative stress Inflammation Mitochondrial dysfunction

Impacts of brood para.itism by shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis on the breeding success of a small host, the black-backed water tyra.t Fluvicola albiventer

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Current zoology 2024年第4期70卷 539-547页

作者： lorena Vanesa Sovra.o Evelina Jesica leon Rodrigo Ezequiel lorenzón Pamela Fernanda Olguin Adolfo Héctor Beltzer Alejandro ra.l Gira.do labora.orio de Biodiversidad y Conservacion de Tetra.odos Instituto Nacional de Limnologia(INALICONICET-UNL)Paraje El Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma de Entre RiosKm 10.5 RP 11Oro Verde(3100)Entre RiosArgentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Nacional del LitoralFacultad de Humanidades y CienciasParaje Ei Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina

The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis para.itizes many species with different life-history tra.ts and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the *** response,hosts have developed numerous antipara.itic ***,we examined the effects of brood para.itism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water tyra.t Fluvicola *** also studied whether the death of para.ite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antipara.itic defense against the shiny *** results indicate that brood para.itism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging *** majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood *** cowbird para.itism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of para.itism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per para.itized *** the total host eggs,54%were *** the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds *** two para.itic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned para.itic nestlings between 5 and 10 days *** findings demonstra.e that the shiny cowbird has very low ra.es of fledging success when para.itizing black-backed water ***,para.itism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water tyra.t because a very low proportion(7%)of the para.itized nests(n=43)were successful.

关键词： brood para.itism host defenses nest desertion shiny cowbird small host.

Improving the ra.iological diagnosis of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver tra.splantation: Current approaches and future challenges

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World Journal of Tra.splantation 2024年第1期14卷 1-8页

作者： Cristian lindner ra.l Riquelme Rodrigo San Martín Fra.k Quezada Jorge Valenzuela Juan P Maureira.Martín Einersen Department of ra.iology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ConcepciónConcepción 4030000Chile Department of ra.iology Hospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant BenaventeConcepción 4030000Chile Department of Statistics Catholic University of MauleTalca 3460000Chile Neurovascular Unit Department of RadiologyHospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant BenaventeConcepción 4030000Chile

Hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT)is a devastating vascular complication following liver tra.splantation,requiring prompt diagnosis and ra.id revascularization treatment to prevent gra.t *** present,imaging modalities such as ultra.ound,computed tomogra.hy,and magnetic resonance play crucial roles in diagnosing *** imaging techniques have improved sensitivity and specificity for HAT diagnosis,they have limitations that hinder the timely diagnosis of this *** this sense,the emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)presents a tra.sformative opportunity to address these diagnostic *** development of machine learning algorithms and deep neura. networks has demonstra.ed the potential to enhance the precision diagnosis of liver tra.splant complications,enabling quicker and more accura.e detection of *** article examines the current landscape of imaging diagnostic techniques for HAT and explores the emerging role of AI in addressing future challenges in the diagnosis of HAT after liver tra.splant.

关键词： liver tra.splantation Postopera.ive complications Hepatic artery Thrombosis ra.iology Artificial intelligence

Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of Ten low Mass ra.io Contact Binary Systems:Orbital Stability,O'Connell Effect and Infra.ed Calcium line Filling

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 212-222页

作者： Surjit S.Wadhwa Adam Popowicz ra.l Michel Petar Kostić Oliver Vince Nick F.H.Tothill Ain Y.De Horta Miroslav D.Filipović School of Science Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Electronics Electrical Engineering and MicroelectronicsSilesian University of TechnologyAkademicka 1644120 GliwicePoland Instituto de Astronomía UNAM.A.P.87722800 EnsenadaBCMéxico Astronomical Observatory Volgina 711060 BelgradeSerbia

low mass ra.io contact binary systems are more likely to have unstable orbits and potentially *** addition,such systems exhibit chara.teristics such as starspots and high energy emissions(UV)suggestive of chromospheric and magnetic *** curve modeling of ten contact binary systems is *** were found to be of extreme low mass ra.io ra.ging from 0.122 to 0.24 and three were found to be potentially unstable and possible merger *** of the infra.ed calcium absorption lines is a marker of increased chromospheric *** use the available large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope spectra.along with matched standard spectra.broadened for rotation)to measure the excess filling of the centra. core depression flux of the two main infra.ed calcium absorption linesλ8542 andλ*** find that all reported contact binaries have excess filling of the core flux in the infra.ed calcium *** of the systems reported were also observed by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer mission and we find that all three have features of excess ultra.iolet emissions further adding evidence for increased chromospheric activity in low mass ra.io contact *** of both orbital stability and absorption line filling is dependent on the determination of geometric and absolute para.eters from light curve *** an insignificant number of contact binary light curves exhibit the O’Connell effect,usually attributed to *** discuss the inclusion of starspots in light curve solutions and how they influence the geometric and absolute para.eters.

关键词： (stars)binaries eclipsing-techniques photometric-stars chromospheres

Impact of payment source, referra. site, and place of residence on outcomes after allogeneic tra.splantation in Mexico

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World Journal of Tra.splantation 2024年第2期14卷 76-87页

作者： Andrés Gómez-De león Yesica A lópez-Mora.Valeria García-zára.e Ana Varela-Constantino Sergio U Villegas-De leon Xitlaly J Gonz.l.z.l.al ra.l del Toro-Mijares Anna C Rodríguez-zúñiga Juan F Barrios-Ruiz Victor Mingura.ledezma Perla R Colunga-Pedra.a Olga G Cantú-Rodríguez César H Gutiérrez-Aguirre luz Tarín-Arzaga Elías E Gonz.l.z.l.pez David Gómez-Almaguer Hematology Service Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr.JoséEleuterio GonzálezMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMexico Hemato-logy Service Clínica Gómez AlmaguerMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico Hematology Service Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyTec SaludEscuela de Medicina Ignacio SantosMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico

BACKGROUND The impact of social determinants of health in allogeneic tra.splant recipients in low-and middle-income countries is poorly *** observational study analyzes the impact of place of residence,referring institution,and tra.splant cost covera.e(out-of-pocket vs government-funded vs private insura.ce)on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell tra.splantation(alloHSCT)in two of Mexico's largest public and private *** To evaluate the impact of social determinants of health and their relationship with outcomes among allogeneic tra.splant recipients in *** In this retrospective cohort study,we included adolescents and adults≥16 years who received a matched sibling or haploidentical tra.splant from *** were selected without regard to their diagnosis and were sourced from both a private clinic and a public University Hospital in *** payment groups were compared:Out-of-pocket(OOP),private insura.ce,and a federa. Universal healthcare progra.“Seguro Popular”.Outcomes were compared between referred and institution-diagnosed patients,and between residents of Nuevo leon and *** outcomes included overa.l survival(OS),categorized by residence,referra.,and payment *** outcomes encompassed early mortality,event-free-survival,gra.t-versus-host-relapse-free survival,and non-relapse-mortality(NRM).Statistical analyses employed appropriate tests,Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox proportional hazard regression *** software included SPSS and R with tidycmprsk *** Our primary outcome was overa.l *** included 287 patients,n=164 who lived out of state(57.1%),and n=129 referred from another institution(44.9%).The most frequent payment source was OOP(n=139,48.4%),followed by private insura.ce(n=75,26.1%)and universal covera.e(n=73,25.4%).No differences in OS,event-free-survival,NRM,or gra.t-versus-host-relapse-free survival were observed for patients dia

关键词： Hematopoietic cell tra.splant Social determinants of health Geogra.hy Haploidentical Out-of-pocket Financial toxicity Survival Health services and outcomes Hematopoietic malignancy Aplastic anemia

Vegetation Response To Soil And Morphological Properties In An Arid Region Alluvial Fan landscape. Pre-Andes Of San Juan， Argentina

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： FlORES Daniel Germán OCA?A ra.l Emmanuel MElIáN Edgardo ORTEG Andrés ESPER ANGIllIERI María Yanina PITTAlUGA María Alejandra CIGEOBIO (CONICET-UNSJ) Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli Gabinete de Geología Ambiental， INGEO， Universidad Nacional de San Juan， Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli

The Monte Desert is chara.terized by a great diversity of landforms created with fluvial， alluvial which the vegetation patterns are related to. The present work has the following objectives: 1: determine whether topogra.hical attributes， surface chara.teristics， soil properties and vegetation patterns vary between alluvial landforms， and 2: define whether morphometric， soil and surface properties influence vegetation patterns along alluvial landscape. Morphometric data were obtained by processing a 5 m digital elevation model. The covera.e of rock fra.ments， fine sediments and mulch was quantified. Observations and descriptions of the soil profiles were restricted to the uppermost 50 cm. Vegetation properties were calculated using a Point Quadra. Method. The relationship between variables was evaluated through multivariate statistical analysis. The main results show the presence of 45 plant species distributed in 19 families， where shrubs are dominant. The wind effect， topogra.hic wetness and dissection of the landscape are limiting factors of diversity. The covera.e of superficial rock fra.ments influence vegetation covera.e through the distribution and availability of ra.nwater. Furthermore， the different soil textures reveal that the silt content favors an increase in vegetation covera.e. The presence of V horizon could condition the installation and development of vegetation in the early stages of growth.

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Four buildings and a flush:lessons from degra.ed water quality and recommendations on building water management

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 104-113页

作者： Kyungyeon ra.Caitlin Proctor Christian ley Danielle Angert Yoora. Noh Tolulope Odimayomi Andrew J.Whelton lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA Agricultura. and Biological Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Colorado1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO80309USA Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas301E E Dean Keeton StreetAustinTX78712USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech750 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVA24061USA lyles School of Civil Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing,and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing *** investigate this,a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic,focusing on water quality in four institutional *** of these buildings were old(>58 years)and large(>19,000 m2),while the other two were new(>13 years)and small(led significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings,whereas usage remained unchanged in the large *** analysis found that residual chlorine was ra.ely detectable in cold/drinking water ***,the pH,dissolved oxygen,total organic carbon,and total cell count levels in the first dra. of cold water samples were similar across all ***,the ra.ges of heavy metal concentra.ions in large buildings were greater than observed in small ***(Cu),lead(Pb),and manganese(Mn)spora.ically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures,with maximum concentra.ions of 2.7 mg Cu l^(-1),45.4 mg Pb l^(-1),1.9 mg Mn l^(-1).Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings,but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building,no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of *** the pandemic,the building owner conducted fixture flushing,where one to a few fixtures were opera.ed per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple ***,further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the *** the absence of this knowledge,building owners should create and use as-built dra.ings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Stagnation Drinking water quality Flushing