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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel Signes-Soler Alfred ragot Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa raúl Montalbán Llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio Sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Clinica Baviera Alicante C/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVArange 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(ciled to uncorrected refractive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refractive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose,a chitin-derived oligosaccharide,transiently activates citrus defenses and alters the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 812-821页

作者： Qingchun Shi Justin George Joseph Krystel Shujian Zhang Stephen L.Lapointe Lukasz L.Stelinski ed Stover US Horticultural Research Laboratory USDA/ARSFort PierceFL 34945USA Citrus Research and education Center University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA

Plants have a perception system triggered by pathogen and pest signals to initiate *** signals include evolutionarily conserved molecules from microbes and insects termed pathogen/herbivore-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs/HAMPs).Here we showed that hexaacetyl-chitohexaose(HC),an oligosaccharide from chitin,a structural component in insect exoskeletons and fungi cell walls,upregulated defense-associated genes WRKY22,GST1,raR1,edS1,PAL1 and NPR2,and downregulated ICS1 at 1 h after HC treatment in Sun Chu Sha mandarin *** effect was transient as defense gene transcriptional changes were not observed at 18 h after the *** penetration graph(EPG)recordings were used to study the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid(ACP)following the HC *** is the hemipteran vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),the pathogen associated with huanglongbing(HLB).Adult ACP displayed reduced intercellular probing,reduced xylem feeding count and duration,and increased non-probing activity on HC-treated citrus compared to *** an 18-h recording,percentage for total duration of xylem ingestion,phloem ingestion,intercellular probing were lower,and the percentage of nonprobing behavior was higher in HC-treated leaves than in *** host-selection behavior studies,HC treatment did not alter the attractiveness of citrus leaves under light or dark *** addition,ACP feeding on HC-treated leaves did not show differences in mortality for up to 10 day of *** summary,we report that HC induced a transient defense in citrus and an inhibitory effect on ACP feeding but did not affect host selection or the insect fitness under the tested conditions.

关键词： citrus behavior transient

Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

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ECNU Review of education 2023年第4期6卷 654-676页

作者：哈巍杨钋 Youngsup Choi Sungsup ra Ryotaro Hayashi Conor McCutcheon Peking University Korea University of Technology and education Asian Development Bank New York University

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern Asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral ***:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic *** offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of ***/Value:These East Asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

关键词： Comparative education East Asia international development skill formation technical and vocational education and training

Effectiveness of menstruation hygiene skills training for adolescents with autism

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第11期13卷 958-966页

作者： Meltem Kaydırak Büşra Yılmaz Merve Azak Çiğdem Bilge Department of Women Health and Gynecologic Nursing Istanbul University-CerrahpaşaFlorence Nightingale Faculty of NursingIstanbul 34381Türkiye Department of Pediatric Nursing Istanbul University-CerrahpaşaFlorence Nightingale Faculty of NursingIstanbul 34381Türkiye Department of Obstetrics and Women's Health Nursing Muğla SıtkıKoçman UniversityFaculty of Health SciencesMuğla 48000Türkiye

BACKGROUND Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)may encounter many difficulties with their menstrual *** challenges that adolescents with ASD may face include understanding physical changes,coping with symptoms,emotional sensitivity,communication,personal care,and *** To evaluate the effect of menstrual hygiene skills training given to adolescents with ASD on their menstrual hygiene *** The study was conducted with 15 adolescents diagnosed with ASD by the single group pre-test and post-test model in three special education centers in Tü*** were collected with the Adolescent and Parent Information Form and the Adolescent-Specific Menstrual Hygiene Skill Registration *** While the mean age of adolescents was 16.06±0.88 years,the mean age of individuals responsible for adolescent care was 43.66±5.56 *** 60.0%of the adolescents noticed the onset of bleeding before training,this rate was 93.3%after *** Adolescent-Specific Menstrual Hygiene Skill Registration Form showed a statistically significant increase in the application steps after the *** difference between the menstrual hygiene skill scores of adolescents CONCLUSION The menstrual hygiene skills training given to adolescents with ASD was beneficial in increasing their menstrual hygiene *** individuals must take responsibility during menstruation and independently manage their continuous care activities.

关键词： Autism Adolescent Menstruation Hygiene Training

斯洛伐克西喀尔巴阡山脉Gemerská Poloma滑石-菱镁矿矿床中镁的交代作用(英文)

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岩石学报 2004年第4期20卷 773-790页

作者： Martin raDVANEC Peter KOD■ra Walter PROCHASKA Geological Survey of Slovak Republic Marku■ovská cesta 1 052 01 Spi■ská Nova Ves SlovakiaGeological Survey of Slovak RepublicDepartment of Geological Sciences University of Leoben A-8700 Leoben Austria Mlynska dolina 1 817 04 Bratislava Slovakia

Gemerska Poloma矿床是个重要的滑石矿床(储量20万吨),位于西喀尔巴阡山脉Germeric地区.部分滑石化的镁质碳酸盐体赋存在早古生代火山沉积杂岩体中(黑色片岩,变质泥岩),在Variscan变质作用(M1)过程中受到了绿泥石-黑云母带区域变质相的... 详细信息

Gemerska Poloma矿床是个重要的滑石矿床(储量20万吨),位于西喀尔巴阡山脉Germeric地区.部分滑石化的镁质碳酸盐体赋存在早古生代火山沉积杂岩体中(黑色片岩,变质泥岩),在Variscan变质作用(M1)过程中受到了绿泥石-黑云母带区域变质相的改造.这种原岩是石灰岩的矿体由白色-灰白或者灰色-黑色的菱镁矿与白云石1组成,被次生的白云石2和滑石脉切割.本次研究考察了两次变质事件(M1和M2)的几个连续的矿物组合,最早的组合包括铁白云石,镁菱铁矿与菱铁矿,(并与黑电气石,铁绿泥石,磷灰石,与伊利石-白云母伴生),它们以微小残留物形式产出在菱镁矿和白云石1中,其形成可能早于M1变质作用高峰期.M1变质事件的高峰期以富铁金云母,镁绿泥石1,镁电气石(黑电气石的边缘)和石英的组合为代表.在M1退变质作用过程中,发生了镁交代作用,开始是白云石1结晶,接下来形成菱镁矿,最后是以铁菱镁矿沿裂隙的形成而终.根据碳酸盐地质测温原理,M1变质事件的高峰期温度为460～490°C,变质矿物组合特征也支持这一测温结果.滑石,白云石2,与镁绿泥石2沿着镁碳酸盐岩石裂隙的发育,主要受到M2变质事件的影响,这个变质事件与较年青的Alpine造山事件有关.菱镁矿流体包裹体的研究表明,成矿流体具有复杂的组成,可能以MgCl2组分为主,主要来源于蒸发卤水的演化.原生流体包裹体的盐度～35(wt%MgCl2),均一温度变化范围是216～235℃.石英中流体包裹体也显示了以MgCl2组分为主的相似流体组成,但均一温度比较高,为248～313℃.如果假定石英与M1变质事件同期,那么由流体包裹体计算出的M1变质峰期压力范围是250～350MPa(9～13km),因此地温梯度是35～40℃/km.假定这个梯度在镁交代成矿过程中保持不变,那么相关流体在180～280MPa(7～11km)的压力下的温度为300～350℃.流体包裹体的淋滤分析表明,流体中Cl/Br与Na/Br都很高,说明流体具有蒸发特征.而在Gemeric地区只有在晚二叠纪到早三叠纪这段时间才有如此大量的卤水形成.因此,二叠纪的伸展构造运动与形成菱镁矿的热液系统的形成有关.

关键词：菱镁矿滑石白云石流体包裹体流体包裹体的化学地质温度计 P-T条件蒸发途径 Gemericum 喀尔巴阡山脉西部

维普期刊数据库

Mapping of QTLs and candidate genes associated with multiple phenotypic traits for Huanglongbing tolerance in citrus

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第4期9卷 705-719页

作者： Ming Huang Mikeal L. Roose Qibin Yu ed Stover David G. Hall Zhanao Deng Frederick G.Gmitter Jr. Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing College of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Citrus Research and education Center University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850United States Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521United States United States Horticultural Research Laboratory Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureFort PierceFL 34945United States Gulf Coast Research and education Center University of FloridaWimaumaFL 33598United States

Huanglongbing(HLB)is the most devastating disease for citrus *** Liberibacter asiaticus(C Las),vectored by Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama),is the most common pathogen causing the *** citrus varieties are highly susceptible to HLB,whereas trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata)is considered highly tolerant to *** F1 segregating population and their parent trifoliate orange and sweet orange,which had been exposed to intense HLB pressure for three years,was evaluated for disease symptoms,ACP colonization,C Las titer and tree vigor repeatedly for two to three *** orange and sweet orange showed significant differences for most of the phenotypic traits,and the F1 population exhibited a large variation.A high-density SNP-based genetic map with 1402 markers was constructed for trifoliate orange,which exhibited high synteny and high coverage of its reference genome.A total of 26 quantitative trait locus(QTLs)were identified in four linkage groups LG-t6,LG-t7,LG-t8 and LG-t9,of which four QTL clusters exhibit a clear co-localization of QTLs associated with different *** genome-wide analysis of gene expression in response to C Las infection in‘Flying Dragon’and‘Larger-Flower DPI-50-7’trifoliate orange,85 differentially expressed genes were found located within the QTL *** them,seven genes were classified as defense or immunity protein which exhibited the highest transcriptional change after C Las *** results indicate a quantitative genetic nature of HLB tolerance and identified candidate genes that should be valuable for searching for genetic solutions to HLB through breeding or genetic engineering.

关键词： Candidatus liberibacter QTL mapping Phenotyping F1 population Poncirus Citrus

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Input database related uncertainty of Biome-BGCMuSo agroenvironmental model outputs

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第11期14卷 1582-1601页

作者： Nándor Fodor LászlóPásztor Brigitta Szabó Annamária Laborczi Klára Pokovai Dóra Hidy Roland Hollós Erzsébet Kristóf Anna Kis Laura Dobor AnikóKern Thomas Grünwald Zoltán Barcza Centre for Agricultural Research Agricultural InstituteMartonvásárHungary Centre for Agricultural Research Institute for Soil SciencesBudapestHungary Department of Meteorology Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary Faculty of Science-Excellence Center Eötvös Loránd UniversityMartonvásárHungary Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha-SuchdolCzech Republic Department of Geophysics and Space Science Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology Technische Universität DresdenTharandtGermany

Gridded model assessments require at least one climatic and one soil database for carrying out the *** are several parallel soil and climate database development projects that provide sufficient,albeit considerably different,observation based input data for crop model based impact *** input database related uncertainty of the Biome-BGCMuSo agro-environmental model outputs was investigated using three and four different gridded climatic and soil databases,respectively covering an area of nearly 100.000 km2 with 1104 grid ***,temporal,climate and soil database selection related variances were calculated and compared for four model outputs obtained from 30-year-long *** choice of the input database introduced model output variability that was comparable to the variability the year-to-year change of the weather or the spatial heterogeneity of the soil *** database selection could be a decisive factor in carbon sequestration related studies as the soil carbon stock change estimates may either suggest that the simulated ecosystem is a carbon sink or to the contrary a carbon source on the long *** evaluation of the input database quality seems to be an inevitable and highly relevant step towards more realistic plant production and carbon balance simulations.

关键词： Input data gridded data soil parameters climatic parameters uncertainty propagation

Insights into gastric neuroendocrine tumors burden

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2017年第2期29卷 137-143页

作者： Taíssa Maíra Thomaz Araújo Williams Fernandes Barra André Salim Khayat Paulo Pimentel de Assumpcao Oncology Research Center Federal University of paráPara 66073-005Brazil

Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors （gNETs） are usually small lesions, restricted to mucosal and sub-mucosal layers of corpus and fundus, with low aggressive behavior, for the majority of cases. Nevertheless, some cases present aggressive behavior. The increasing incidence of gNETs brings together a new relevant problem： how to identify potentially aggressive type I gNETs. The challenging problem seems to be finding out signs or features able to predict potentially aggressive cases, allowing a tailored approach, since the involved societies dedicated to provide guidelines for management of these neoplasms apparently failed in producing staging systems able to accurately predict prognosis of these tumors. Additionally, it is also important to try to find out explanations for increasing incidence, as well as to identify potential targets aiming to reach better control of this neoplasia. Here, we discuss potential pathways implicated in aggressive behavior, as well as new strategies to improve clinical management of these tumors.

关键词： gNETs gastrin receptor epidemiology

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Effect of Okra Pectin on the Sensory, Physicochemical and Microbial Quality of Yoghurt

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 442-456页

作者： Manuela Tobil Courage Y. deh Jacob K. Agbenorhevi Gilbert O. Sampson Fidelis M. Kpodo Department of Food Science and Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Faculty of Vocational education University of Education Kumasi Ghana Department of Nutrition and Dietetics University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of okra pectin from two genotypes (asha and agbagoma) on the physicochemical, sensory and microbial quality of yoghurt. Okra pectin concentrations (w/w pectin to milk powder ratios) of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% were used in the yoghurt preparation and its water holding capacity, titratable acidity and pH were analyzed against a control (0.0% pectin) weekly for a month. Consumer acceptability tests for the yoghurt samples were carried out using 50 untrained panellists on a 7-point hedonic scale. Total aerobic microorganisms present in the most preferred samples were enumerated over a four-week period. Results indicated that samples containing 0.2% asha pectin were most preferred by panelists. Water holding capacity varied significantly with those containing asha pectin higher than agbagoma counterparts and the control. There was a decline in pH with increasing pectin concentration and over the storage period

关键词： Okra Pectin Yoghurt Syneresis Consumer Acceptability