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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-county Assessment

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao Fiona c.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon Emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny college of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA college of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union county reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette county reported the lowest. county-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette county emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. county profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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Sedimentary records of contaminant inputs in Frobisher Bay,Nunavut

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 28-42页

作者： Meaghan c.Bartley Tommy Tremblay Amila O.De Silva cMichelle Kamula Stephen ciastek Zou Zou A.Kuzyk centre for Earth Observation Science Clayton H.Riddell Faculty of EnvironmentEarth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada Department of Environment and Geography Clayton H.Riddell Faculty of EnvironmentEarth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office IqaluitNunavutX0A 0H0Canada Environment and climate change canada BurlingtonOntarioL7S 1A1Canada Department of Earth Sciences Clayton H.Riddell Faculty of EnvironmentEarth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada

contaminants,such as polychlorinated biphenyls(PcBs),polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),heavy metals,and per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),primarily reach the Arctic through long-range atmospheric and oceanic ***,local sources within the Arctic also contribute to the levels observed in the environment,including legacy sources and new sources that arise from activities associated with increasing commercial and industrial *** city of Iqaluit in Frobisher Bay,Nunavut(canada),has seen rapid population growth and associated development during recent decades yet remains a site of interest for ocean protection,where Inuit continue to harvest country *** the present study,seven dated marine sediment cores collected in Koojesse Inlet near Iqaluit,and from sites in inner and outer Frobisher Bay,respectively,were analyzed for total mercury(THg),major and trace elements,PAHs,PcBs,and *** sedimentary record in Koojesse Inlet shows a period of Aroclor 1260-like PcB input concurrent with military site presence in the 1950e60s,followed by decades of input of pyrogenic PAHs,averaging about ten times background ***-surface sediments in Koojesse Inlet also show evidence of transient local-source inputs of THg and PFASs,and recycling or continued slow release of PcBs from legacy land-based *** in PFAS congener composition clearly distinguish the local sources from long-range *** Koojesse Inlet but still in inner Frobisher Bay,9.2 km from Iqaluit,sediments showed evidence of both local source(PcB)and longrange *** outer Frobisher Bay,an up-core increase in THg and PFASs in sediments may be explained by ongoing inputs of these contaminants from long-range *** context for ocean protection and country food harvesting in this region of the Arctic clearly involves both local sources and long-range transport,with past human activities leaving a long legacy insofar as levels of persistent o

关键词： Arctic sediments Mercury Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) Polychlorinated biphenyls(PcBs) Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) Persistent organic pollutants(POPs)

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The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan c.Mcleod Brad S.currier caroline V.Lowisz Stuart M.Phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

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Secure smart contract-based digital twins for the Internet of Things

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 39-49页

作者： Iakovos Pittaras Nikos Fotiou christos Karapapas Vasilios A.Siris George c.Polyzos Mobile Multimedia Laboratory Department of InformaticsSchool of Information Sciences and TechnologyAthens University of Economics and BusinessAthens10434Greece School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172China

The proliferation of Internet of Things(IoT)devices that operate unattended providing a multitude of important and often sensitive services highlights the need for seamless interoperability and increased *** argue that digital twins of IoT devices,with the right design,can enhance the security,reliability,auditability,and interoperability of IoT *** salient features of digital twins have made them key elements for the IoT and Industry *** this paper,we leverage advances in W3c’s Web of Things(WoT)standards and distributed ledger technologies(DLTs)to present a novel design of the smart contract-based digital twins with enhanced security,transparency,interoperability,and *** provide two different variations of that general design using two different blockchains(one public and one private,permissioned blockchain),and we present design ***,we introduce an architecture for accessing and controlling IoT devices securely and reliably,providing full auditability,while at the same time using the proposed digital twins as an indirection mechanism(proxy).The proposed architecture leverages the blockchain to offer notable properties,namely,decentralization,immutability,auditability,non-repudiation,availability,and ***,it introduces mass actuation,easier management of IoT devices,and enhanced security to the IoT gateways,enables new business models,and makes consumer devices(vendor-)agnostic.

关键词： Digital twins Internet of Things Web of Things Distributed ledger technologies Hyperledger Fabric Ethereum

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Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： Sean P.Roach Luke c.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod Leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

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Effects of lighting conditions and accommodation on the three-dimensional position of Visian implantable collamer lens

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Eye and Vision 2024年第3期10卷 31-40页

作者： Lingling Niu Zhe Zhang Huamao Miao Jing Zhao Xiaoying Wang Ji c.He Xingtao Zhou Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Eye&ENT HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina NHc Key Laboratory of Myopia(Fudan University) ShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Myopia Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghaiChina Shanghai Research center of Ophthalmology and Optometry ShanghaiChina New England college of Optometry MABostonUSA

Background To investigate the effects of lighting conditions and accommodation on the three-dimensional position of Visian implantable collamer lens(IcL V4c).Methods This observational study recruited 62 eyes of 31 myopia patients underwent IcL V4c *** segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OcT)assessed the anterior chamber depth(AcD),AcD-IcL(distance from the corneal endothelium to anterior surface of the IcL V4c),vault(distance between the posterior IcL V4c surface and anterior crystalline lens surface),and crystalline lens tilt under various lighting conditions and accommodation relative to the corneal topographic axis at one year after IcL V4c *** was defined as the scotopic condition,which was also the non-accommodative stimulus *** IcL V4c tilt was analyzed using *** significance level was set at PcD-IcL values were similar under various lighting conditions(P=0.978)but decreased during accommodation(Pcantly smaller under mesopic and photopic conditions than the baseline(P=0.044 and Pctively)but remained unchanged during accommodation(P=0.058).The inferotemporal proportion of IcL V4c(88.7%,55 eyes)and crystalline lens(74.2%,46 eyes)tilts were not significantly different(P=0.063).crystalline lens under various lighting conditions and accommodation exhibited similar *** vertical tilt of IcL V4c was significantly larger under photopic conditions than the baseline(P=0.038).The horizontal and total tilts were significantly decreased during accommodation(P=0.043 and 0.013,respectively).conclusions The axial position of IcL V4c in the anterior chamber was stable under various lighting *** conditions and accommodation may influence vertical,horizontal and total tilts of IcL V4c.

关键词： Implantable collamer lens Anterior segment optical coherence tomography Myopia Tilt

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Improving Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Solar collectors by Magnetic Nanofluids

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 835-848页

作者： Ritesh Singh Abhishek Gupta Akshoy Ranjan Paul Bireswar Paul Suvash c.Saha Department of Applied Mechanics Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

A parabolic trough solar collector(PTSc)converts solar radiation into thermal ***,low thermal efficiency of PTSc poses a hindrance to the deployment of solar thermal power *** performance of PTSc is enhanced in this study by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into the working *** circular receiver pipe,with dimensions of 66 mm diameter,2 mm thickness,and 24 m length,is exposed to uniform temperature and velocity *** working fluid,Therminol-66,is supplemented with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 1%to 4%.The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of nanoparticles increases the convective heat transfer coefficient(HTc)of the PTSc,with higher nanoparticle volume fractions leading to greater heat transfer but increased pressure *** thermal enhancement factor(TEF)of the PTSc is positively affected by the volume fraction of nanoparticles,both with and without a magnetic ***,the scenario with a 4%nanoparticle volume fraction and a magnetic field strength of 250 G exhibits the highest TEF,indicating superior thermal *** findings offer potential avenues for improving the efficiency of PTScs in solar thermal plants by introducing magnetic nanoparticles into the working fluid.

关键词： Parabolic trough solar collector(PTSc) magnetic nanofluid(MNF) heat transfer convective heat transfer coefficient(HTc) thermal enhancement factor(TEF)

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Hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： caecilia H c Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi David H Muljono claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc).HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the *** diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HBV-related Hcc and the success of therapeutical approaches against Hcc,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host *** Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the Hcc and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine

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Is primary transcatheter aortic valve implantation the new normal?

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2024年第4期21卷 458-461页

作者： R.Anantharaman c.Sundar Kamal Kant Jena K.Arun Department of cardiology Kauvery HospitalChennaiIndia

Degenerative calcific aortic valve stenosis(AS)is the most common valvular heart disease in elderly.^[1] It is well documented that symptomatic severe AS follows a malignant course leading to cardiogenic shock(cS).

关键词： aortic stenosis implantation

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Layer Hall effect induced by hidden Berry curvature in antiferromagnetic insulators

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 15-23页

作者： Rui chen Hai-Peng Sun Mingqiang Gu chun-Bo Hua Qihang Liu Hai-Zhou Lu X.c.Xie Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech) International Quantum Academy Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Würzburg School of Electronic and Information Engineering Hubei University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of computational Science and Material Design Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering International center for Quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking University collaborative Innovation center of Quantum Matter cAS center for Excellence in Topological Quantum computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The layer Hall effect describes electrons spontaneously deflected to opposite sides at different layers, which has been experimentally reported in the MnBi2Te4thin films under perpendicular electric fields. Here, we reveal a universal origin of the layer Hall effect in terms of the so-called hidden Berry curvature, as well as material design principles. Hence, it gives rise to zero Berry curvature in momentum space but non-zero layer-locked hidden Berry curvature in real space. We show that, compared to that of a trivial insulator, the layer Hall effect is significantly enhanced in antiferromagnetic topological insulators. Our universal picture provides a paradigm for revealing the hidden physics as a result of the interplay between the global and local symmetries, and can be generalized in various scenarios.

关键词： layerHall effect hidden Berry curvature antiferromagnetic insulator axion insulator, quantum transport

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