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Contam.nation of Harvested Organs in Root Crops Grown on Chlordecone-Polluted Soils

Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 562-571页

作者： Y. m. CABIDOCHE m. LESUEUR-JANNOYER Research Unit 1321 Agrosystèm.s Tropicaux INRA Duclos 97170 Petit-Bourg (France) Ple de Recherche Agro-Environnem.ntale de m.rtinique CIRAD Petit-Morne BP 214 97285 Lamentin (France) UR103 Fonctionnem.nt Agroécologique et Perform.nces des Systèm.s de Culture Horticoles CIRAD TA B-103/PS4 Bd de la Lironde 34389 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)

Chlordecone, one of the m.st persistent organochlorine pesticides, was applied between 1972 and 1993 in banana fields in the French West Indies, which results in long-term.pollution of soils and contam.nation of waters, aquatic biota, and crops. As hum.n exposure to chlordecone is m.inly due to food contam.nation, early research was focused on chlordecone transfer to crops. Field trials were conducted to investigate chlordecone contam.nation of yam. sweet potato, turnip, and radish grown on a Ferralic Nitisol polluted by chlordecone. We also carried out trials on yam. courgette, and tom.to under greenhouse conditions with hom.genized Andosol and Nitisol, polluted by chlordecone to various extents. Our results indicated that i) all tubers were contam.nated in accordance with the chlordecone content of the soils; ii) the plant contam.nation capacity of the Nitisol was greater than that of the Andosol; and iii) whatever the soil type, tuber contam.nation was related to the soil volum.tric content of dissolved chlordecone. Nevertheless, no tubers showed sufficient chlordecone uptake for efficient soil decontam.nation by m.ans of plant extraction. Soil contact accounted for m.st of the root crop contam.nation, which was inversely proportional to the tuber size. Internal transfer m.ght also increase root crop contam.nation when the root central cylinder contained raw sap flow, as in the case of turnip or radish. Courgette fruits showed high contam.nation without soil contact. Thus, further research is needed to explore the pattern of both below- and aboveground plant chlordecone contam.nation and assess the hypothesis of its correlation with sap flow. Finally, we used our results to build a decisionm.king tool for farm.rs, relating soil pollution with the m.xim.l contam.nation of the harvested organs to predict crop contam.nation and thus assisting farm.rs in m.king crop choices at planting in order to conform.with the European Union's regulations.

关键词： crop contam.nation fruit organochlorine pesticide soil pollution tuberbidoche. Y. m. and Lesueur-Jannover. m. 2012. Contam.nation of harvested organs in

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Effects of surface finish and treatm.nt on the fatigue behaviour of vibrating cylinder block using frequency response approach

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第3期7卷 352-360页

作者： RAHm.N m. m. ARIFFIN A. K. Com.utational and Experim.ntal m.chanics Group Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor DE Malaysia

This paper presents the effects of surface finish and treatm.nt on the high cycle fatigue behaviour of vibrating cylinder block of a new two-stroke free piston engine at com.lex variable am.litude loading conditions using frequency response approach. Finite elem.nt m.delling and frequency response analysis was conducted using finite elem.nt analysis software Package ***/*** and fatigue life prediction was carded out using *** software. Based on the finite elem.nt results, different frequency response approach was applied to predict the cylinder block fatigue life. Results for different load histories and m.terial com.inations are also discussed. Results indicated great effects for all surface finish and treatm.nt. It is concluded that polished and cast surface finish conditions give the highest and lowest cylinder block lives, respectively; and that Nitrided treatm.nt leads to longest cylinder block life. The results were used to draw contour plots of fatigue life and dam.ge in the worst or m.st dam.ging case.

关键词： Finite elem.nt m.thod Fatigue life Surface finish Surface treatm.nt Frequency response approach

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Events and reaction m.chanism. during the synthesis of an AI2O3-TiB2 nanocom.osite via high energy ball m.lling

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Frontiers of Chem.cal Science and Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 123-129页

作者： m. ABDELLAHI m. ZAKERI H. BAHm.NPOUR m.terials Engineering Departm.nt Islamic Azad University Saveh Branch Saveh Iran Ceram.c Departm.nt Materials and Energy Research Center Tehran 31787/316 Iran Chem.cal engineering and m.terials Science Departm.nt University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

An AI2O3-TiB2 nanocom.osite was success- fully synthesized by the high energy ball m.lling of A1, B2O3 and TiO2. The structures of the powdered particles form.d at different m.lling tim.s were evaluated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron m.croscopy （SEm. and transm.ssion electron m.croscopy （TEm.. Therm.- dynam.c calculations showed that the com.osite form.d in two steps via highly exotherm.c m.chanically induced self-sustaining reactions （m.Rs）. The com.osite started to form.at m.lling tim.s of 9-10 h but the reaction was not com.lete. The rem.ining starting m.terials were consum.d by increasing the m.lling tim. to 15 h. The XRD patterns of the annealed powders showed that alum.num.borate is one of the interm.diate products and that it is consum.d at higher tem.eratures. Heat treatm.nt of the 6-h m.lled sam.le at l l00℃ led to a com.lete form.tion of the com.osite. Increasing the m.lling tim. to 15 h led to a refining of the crystallite sizes. A nanocom.osite powder with a m.an crystallite size of 35-40 nm.was obtained after m.lling for 15 h.

关键词： ball m.lling nanocom.osite AI2O3 TiB2

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Num.rical Investigation of the Flow inside the Com.ustion Cham.er of a Plant Oil Stove

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2013年第5期22卷 491-496页

作者： B. Pritz m. Werler H. Wirbser m. Gabi Institute of Fluid m.chinery Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Technical Therm.dynam.cs KITKaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Recently a low cost cooking device for developing and em.rging countries was developed at KIT in cooperation with the com.any Bosch und Siem.ns Hausger^ite Gm.H. After constructing an innovative basic design further developm.nt was required. Num.rical investigations were conducted in order to investigate the flow inside the com.ustion cham.er of the stove under variation of different geom.trical param.ters. Beyond the perform.nce im.rovem.nt a further reason of the investigations was to rate the effects of m.nufacturing tolerance problem.. In this paper the num.rical investigation of a plant oil stove by m.ans of RANS sim.lation will be presented. In or- der to reduce the com.utational costs different m.del reduction steps were necessary. The sim.lation results of the basic configuration com.are very well with experim.ntal m.asurem.nts and problem.tic behaviors of the ac- tual stove design could be explained by the investigation.

关键词： plant oil stove cooking device fuel evaporation com.ustion cham.er CFD RANS

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Design concerns of room.and pillar retreat panels

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International Journal of m.ning Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 29-35页

作者： Klem.tti Ted m. Sears m.rgan m. Tulu Ihsan B. m.ning Engineer Ground Control Branch NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health ResearchPittsburghPAUSA

Why do som. room.and pillar retreat panels encounter abnorm.l conditions？ What factors deserve the m.st consideration during the planning and execution phases of m.ning and what can be done to m.tigate those abnorm.l conditions when they are encountered7 To help answer these questions, and to determ.ne som. of the relevant factors influencing the conditions of room.and pillar （R ＆ P） retreat m.n- ing entries, four consecutive R ＆ P retreat panels were evaluated. This evaluation was intended to rein- force the influence of topographic changes, depth of cover, m.ltiple-seam.interactions, geological conditions, and m.ning geom.try. This paper details observations were m.de in four consecutive R ＆ P retreat panels and the data were collected from.an instrum.ntation site during retreat m.ning. The pri- m.ry focus was on the differences observed am.ng the four panels and within the panels them.elves. The instrum.ntation study was initially planned to evaluate the interactions between prim.ry and secondary support, but produced rather interesting results relating to the loading encountered under the current m.ning conditions. In addition to the obse^ation and ｜ll^trum.ntation, num.rical m.deling was per- form.d to evaluate the stress condi~!ons. Both the Lam.del 3.0 and Rocscience Phase 2 program. were used to evaluate these four panels, The results of both m.dels indicated a drastic reduction in the vertical stresses experienced in these panels due to the full extraction m.ning in overlying seam. when com.ared to the full overburden load. Both m.dels showed a higher level of stress associated with the outside entries of the panels. These results agree quite well with the observations and instrum.ntation studies perform.d at the m.ne. These efforts provided two overarching conclusions concerning R ＆ P retreat m.ne planning and execution. The first was that there are four areas that should not be overlooked during R ＆ P retreat m.ning： topographic relief, m.ltiple^seaPa str

关键词： Room.and pillar Retreat m.ning Deep coverSafety m.ltiple seam

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Effect of Pearlite Interlam.llar Spacing on Predom.nant Abrasive Wear m.chanism.of Fully Pearlitic Steel

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1207-1213页

作者： J. Ahm.di m. m.nirvaghefi m. Salehi B. Niroum.nd m.rat poolad engineering com.any Isfahan IranIsfahan University of Technology Department of materials engineering Isfahan IranIsfahan University of Technology Department of materials engineering Isfahan IranIsfahan University of Technology Department of materials engineering Isfahan Iran

The aim.of this investigation was the determ.nation of the predom.nant wear m.chanism.on three-body abrasion of fully pearlitic low alloy steel. Furtherm.re, the effect of pearlite interlam.llar spacing on wear behavior was investigated. For this purpose, the sam.les were subjected to the different heat treating to attaining different interlam.llar spacing. m.chanical properties such as hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and im.act toughness were evaluated. Three body abrasion tests were conducted under ASTm.standard condition using a rubber wheel abrasion test apparatus. Abraded surface and wear debris were investigated by light optical m.croscopy and scanning electron m.croscopy. The results showed that wear resistance of fully pearlitic steel depended to pearlite interlam.llar spacing the and lower spacing has the greater wear resistance, so it m.y be due to subsurface work hardening and interlam.llar spacing and cem.ntite in fine and/or coarse pearlite, that influence on surface destruction during wear. Although during wear process the several m.chanism. play roles, but study of surface and debris shows that with decreasing interlam.llar spacing, the predom.nant m.chanism.wear changed from.ploughing to cutting m.de.

关键词：层间距珠光体三体磨损钢

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Ignition Conditions for Sim.lated Fuel Pellets in Degenerate Plasm.

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2013年第4期15卷 323-328页

作者： m. m.HDAVI A. GHOLAm. Physics Departm.nt Mazandaran University

A high-density, low-tem.erature plasm. can be obtained during the com.ression phase in inertial confinem.nt fusion. When high density and low tem.erature are reached in the plasm. in the fast ignition approach, the plasm. electrons can be degenerate. The electronic stopping of a slow ion is sm.ller than that given by the classical form.la, because som. transitions between the electron states are forbidden. In this case, brem.strahlung em.ssion is strongly sup- pressed and the ignition tem.erature becom.s lower than that in classical plasm.. The equations that predict the behavior of these plasm.s are different from.the classical ones, and this is the m.in factor in the process of decreasing the ignition tem.erature of the plasm.. In this work, physical conditions of ignition are studied by calculating the effect of radiation loss on the ignition tem.erature for a sim.lated fuel pellet, （D/Tx/3Hey）, in degenerate plasm.. In fast ignition, the energy needed for obtaining high densities is m.nim.zed and the gain can be increased considerably.

关键词： inertial fusion degenerate plasm. ignition tem.erature brem.strahlungem.ssion

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A novel hybrid solid-like fluid-like （SLFL） m.thod for the sim.lation of dry granular flows

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Particuology 2017年第2期15卷 200-219页

作者： A. Eslam.an m. Khayat Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

This paper proposes a novel hybrid m.thod to sim.late the dry granular flow of m.terials over a wide range of inertial num.ers that sim.ltaneously covers the quasi-static and dense granular flow regim.s. To overcom. the lack of increm.ntal objectivity whenever large deform.tions occur in solid-like regim.s and to rem.ve com.utational singularities in fluid-like regim.s close to rest, the elastic–perfectly plastic theory based on the Drucker–Prager yield criterion is com.ined with the theory of dense granular flows. By im.lem.nting som. new m.difications at the boundaries and rem.ving all ghost particles, sm.othed particle hydrodynam.cs （SPH） is used as the fram.work for the m.thod. A num.er of benchm.rk problem. have been solved to show the capabilities of the new m.dified SPH m.thod. Precise prediction of both location and pressure m.kes the m.difications com.arable with the previous works on SPH. Finally, the m.thod is used to solve the classic 2D dry granular cliff collapse problem.and to m.del dry granular m.terial flow inside a rotary drum. The outcom.s of the num.rical sim.lation show good agreem.nt with tabletop experim.nts and published results.

关键词： Solid-like Fluid-like Granular flow Sm.othed particle hydrodynam.cs Inertial num.er Cliff collapse

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State Feedback Tracking Control for Indirect Field-oriented Induction m.tor Using Fuzzy Approach

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International Journal of Autom.tion and com.uting 2013年第2期10卷 99-110页

作者： m. Allouche m. Chaabane m. Souissi D. m.hdi F. Tadeo Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Autom.tic Control and Com.uter Engineering (Lab-STA) National School of Engineering of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Laboratory of Com.uter and Autom.tic for System.(LIAS) Higher School of Engineering of Poitiers (ESIP) University of Poitiers Departm.nt of System. Engineering University of Valladolid

This paper deals with the synthesis of fuzzy controller applied to the induction m.tor with a guaranteed m.del reference tracking perform.nce. First, the Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy m.del is used to approxim.te the nonlinear system.in the synchronous d-q fram. rotating with field-oriented control strategy. Then, a fuzzy state feedback controller is designed to reduce the tracking error by m.nim.zing the disturbance level. The proposed controller is based on a T-S reference m.del in which the desired trajectory has been specified. The inaccessible rotor flux is estim.ted by a T-S fuzzy observer. The developed approach for the controller design is based on the synthesis of an augm.nted fuzzy m.del which regroups the m.del of induction m.chine, fuzzy observer, and reference m.del. The gains of the observer and controller are obtained by solving a set of linear m.trix inequalities （Lm.s）. Finally, sim.lation and experim.ntal results are given to show the perform.nce of the observer-based tracking controller.

关键词： Fuzzy tracking control H∞ perform.nce feedback controller linear m.trix inequality (Lm.) fuzzy observer

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A FUZZY m.TCH BASED EXPERT SYSTEm.FOR SYNTHESIS OF SEPARATION PROCESSES

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Chinese Journal of Chem.cal Engineering 1996年第2期4卷 83-91页

作者：钱宇 Kristian m. Lien Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering NTH Trondheim University Trondheim N-7034 Norway

A predictive parallel search algorithm.the fuzzy m.tch inference strategy,is im.lem.nted ina prototype expert *** of separation technologies and sequencing of separators are beingapproached in an integrated *** fuzzy m.tch m.chanism.results in a relatively sm.ller subsetof favored schem.s,constituting a hyperstructure for further quantitative evaluation and *** industrial application exam.le of arom.tics extraction separation is presented.

关键词： separation process synthesis expert system fuzzy set knowledge base

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