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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai k.O'connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(c1–c7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(c2–c7)revealing a highly modified axis(c2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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Gas diffusion in catalyst layer of flow cell for cO_(2) electroreduction toward c_(2+) products

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1101-1106页

作者： Xiqing Wang Qin chen Yajiao Zhou Yao Tan Ye Wang Hongmei Li Yu chen Mahmoud Sayed Ramadan A.Geioushy Nageh k.Allam Junwei Fu Yifei Sun Min Liu Hunan Joint International Research center for carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization School of Physics and ElectronicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute(cMRDI) P.O.Box 87Helwan 11421CairoEgypt Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and EngineeringThe American University in CairoNew Cairo 11835Egypt Research center for Advanced Energy and carbon Neutrality Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

The use of gas diffusion electrode(GDE)based flow cell can realize industrial-scale cO_(2) reduction reactions(cO_(2)RRs).controlling local cO_(2) and cO intermediate diffusion plays a key role in cO_(2)RR toward multi-carbon(c_(2+))*** this work,local cO_(2) and cO intermediate diffusion through the catalyst layer(cL)was investigated for improving cO_(2)RR toward c_(2+)*** gas permeability tests and finite element simulation results indicated cL can balance the cO_(2) gas diffusion and residence time of the cO intermediate,leading to a sufficient cO concentration with a suitable cO_(2)/H_(2)O supply for high c_(2+)*** a result,an excellent selectivity of c_(2+)products~79%at a high current density of 400 mA·cm^(-2) could be obtained on the optimal 500 nm cu cL(cu500).This work provides a new insight into the optimization of cO_(2)/H_(2)O supply and local cO concentration by controlling cL for c_(2+)products in cO_(2)RR flow cell.

关键词： gas diffusion electrode cO_(2)reduction cu mass transfer c_(2)product

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An aqueous rechargeable Fe//LiMn_(2)O_()hybrid battery with superior electrochemical performance beyond mainstream Fe-based batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5168-5178页

作者： Yu Liu Dehui Xie Yuxin Shi Rongguan Lv Yingna chang Yuzhen Sun Zhiyuan Zhao Jindi Wang kefan Song Huayu Wu Tuan k.A.Hoang Rong Xing Huan Pang Institute of New Energy on chemical Storage and Power Sources School of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringYancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224000China School of chemistry and chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of chemical Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs)are generally safer than non-aqueous analogues,they are also less-expensive,and more friendly to the ***,the inherent disadvantage of the narrow electrochemical window of H2O seriously restricts the energy density and output voltage of ARBs,especially aqueous rechargeable Fe-based ***,we introduce a new battery system:the anode contains c@Fe/Fe_(2)O_(3)composite,which is interfaced with an alkaline electrolyte;the cathode contains LiMn_(2)O_()in contact with a neutral electrolyte.A Li^(+)-conducting membrane is carefully selected to decouple the electrode-electrolyte,which effectively widens the electrochemical window to above 2.65 V,thereby enables an aqueous rechargeable iron *** average output voltage is 1.83 V and its energy density is 235.3 Wh/kg at 549 W/*** this work,we propose the energy storage mechanism with the aid of density functional theory(DFT).The calculated reduction potential of the anode agrees with the experimental ***,this battery system demonstrates long cycle lifespan of approximately 2500 cycles at 2 A/g,corresponding to a capacity retention of 82.1%.These results are very far superior than those of mainstream aqueous rechargeable Fe-based batteries,which guarantee future investigation for storing electricity energy.

关键词： aqueous battery high voltage high energy iron oxide theoretical calculation

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Solvent extraction of zinc,manganese,cobalt and nickel from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using sodium salts of TOPS-99 and cyanex 272

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of china 2016年第1期26卷 301-309页

作者： R.k.MISHRA P.c.ROUT k.SARANGI k.c.NATHSARMA council of Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials TechnologyBhubaneswar 751 013OdishaIndia Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Chermai 600113TamilnaduIndia

The extraction and separation of zinc, manganese, cobalt and nickel from nickel laterite bacteria leach liquor were carried out using sodium salts of TOPS-99 and cyanex 272 in kerosene. The unwanted metal ions were removed by precipitation method and solvent extraction was used to extract/separate Zn, Mn, co and Ni. The nickel laterite leach liquor which was obtained from bioleaching of chromite overburden samples contained 3.72 g/L Fe, 2.08 g/L Al, 0.44 g/L Ni, 0.02 g/L co, 0.13 g/L Mn, 0.14 g/L Zn and 0.22 g/L cr. From this leach liquor, 100% Fe, 96.98% Al and 70.42% cr were removed by precipitation with ca cO_3 at pH 4.4 followed by precipitation of remaining Al and cr with 50% ammonia at p H 5.4. After precipitation, the extraction of Zn from the Fe, Al and cr free leach liquor was carried out with 0.1 mol/L TOPS-99 followed by Mn extraction with 0.04 mol/L Na TOPS-99. The yields of Zn and Mn were 97.77% and 95.63%, respectively. After Mn extraction, cobalt was removed from the leach liquor using 0.0125 mol/L Na cyanex 272 and finally nickel extraction was carried out using 0.12 mol/L Na TOPS-99 with 99.84% yield. The stripping of loaded organic（LO） phases were achieved with dilute H_2SO_4.

关键词： nickel laterite manganese nickel TOPS-99 cyanex 272

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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee kim Janos M.kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings Marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca cidonio Richard O.c.Oreffo Faculty of Medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(cLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-EcM)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBMScs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-EcM(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBMScs viability upon *** composite of human bone-EcM-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(cAM)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMScs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-EcM)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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Enhancing 3D Reconstruction Accuracy of FIB Tomography Data Using Multi‑voltage Images and Multimodal Machine Learning

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 48-60页

作者： Trushal Sardhara Alexander Shkurmanov Yong Li Lukas Riedel Shan Shi christian J.cyron Roland c.Aydin Martin Ritter Institute for continuum and Material Mechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Electron Microscopy Unit Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Physics and Technology Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Mechanics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Research Group of Integrated Metallic Nanomaterials Systems Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Material Systems Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany

FIB-SEM tomography is a powerful technique that integrates a focused ion beam(FIB)and a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to capture high-resolution imaging data of *** approach involves collecting in-plane SEM imagesand using FIB to remove material layers for imaging subsequent planes,thereby producing image ***,theseimage stacks in FIB-SEM tomography are subject to the shine-through effect,which makes structures visible from theposterior regions of the current *** artifact introduces an ambiguity between image intensity and structures in thecurrent plane,making conventional segmentation methods such as thresholding or the k-means algorithm *** study,we propose a multimodal machine learning approach that combines intensity information obtained at differentelectron beam accelerating voltages to improve the three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of *** treatingthe increased shine-through effect at higher accelerating voltages as a form of additional information,the proposed methodsignificantly improves segmentation accuracy and leads to more precise 3D reconstructions for real FIB tomography data.

关键词： Multimodal machine learning Multi-voltage images FIB-SEM Overdeterministic systems 3D reconstruction FIB tomography

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Biofuel-driven trigeneration systems for non-residential building applications:A holistic assessment from the energy,environmental and economic perspectives

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Building Simulation 2023年第4期16卷 557-576页

作者： k.F.Fong c.k.Lee Division of Building Science and Technology College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

In the metropolises,it is unlikely to use merely solar and wind energy to pursue zero carbon building ***,it would become possible if biofuel-driven trigeneration systems(BDTS)are *** is thus essential to assess the application opportunity of BDTS in a holistic *** this study,BDTS offered definite primary energy saving of up to 15%and carbon emissions reduction of at least 86%in different types of non-residential buildings as compared to the conventional *** 24/7 operation for the hotel and hospital buildings,the corresponding BDTS could even achieve zero carbon *** the BDTS primed with compression-ignition internal combustion engine were not economically viable even in running cost due to the high local biodiesel price *** BDTS primed with spark-ignition engine and fueled by biogas,however,would have economic merit when carbon price was considered for the conventional systems that fully utilize fossil *** of carbon tax and social cost could have the payback ceilings of 8 years and 2 years respectively for most of building ***,the results could reflect the application potential of BDTS for non-residential buildings,leading the pathway to carbon neutrality for sustainable sub-tropical cities.

关键词： trigeneration biofuel dynamic simulation carbon tax social cost economic analysis

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Accurate ab initio Predictions of Ionization Energies and Heats of Formation for cyclopropenylidene, Propargylene and Propadienylidene

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chinese Journal of chemical Physics 2006年第1期19卷 29-38页

作者： k. c. Lau c. Y. Ng James Franck Institute and Department of chemistry University of Chicago Chicago 60637 USA Department of chemistry University of california Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California95616 USA

The ionization energies （IEs） of cyclopropenylidene （c-c3H2）, propargylene （HcccH） and propadienylidene （H2ccc） have been computed using the ccSD（T）/cBS method, which involves the approxixnation to the complete basis set （cBS） limit at the coupled cluster level with single and double excitations plus quasi-perturbative triple excitation effect （ccSD（T））. The zero-point vibrational energy correction, the core-valence electronic correction, the scalar relativistic effect and the high level correction beyond the ccSD（T） excitations have also been made in these calculations. The ccSD（T）/cBS values for the IN（c-c3H2） and IE（HcccH） of 9.164, 8.987 eV are in good agreement with the experimental values of （9.15±0.03） and （8.96±0.04） eV. The ccSD（T）/cBS calculations yield the IE values of 10.477 and 10.388 eV for the ionization transitions H2ccc→H2ccc^＋（^2A1, c2v） and H2ccc→H2ccc＋（^2A＇, cs）, respectively. On the basis of the Franek-condon factor consideration, the IE of （10.43±0.02） eV determined in the previous single-photon ionization experiment most likely corresponds to the ionization threshold for the H2ccc→H2ccc^＋（^2A1, c2v） transition. Although the precision of the experimental IN measurements fpr c-c3H2, HcccH, and H2ccc is insufficient to pin down the accuracy of the theoretical calculations to better than ±30 meV, the excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical IE values observed in the present study indicates that the ccSD（T）/cBS calculations together with high-order correlation corrections are capable of yielding reliable IE predictions for simple hydrocarbon carbenes and bi-radicals. We have also reported the heats of formation at 0 k （△H^of0） and 298 k （△H^of298）for c-c3H2/c-c3H2^＋, HcccH/HcccH^＋, and H2ccc/H2ccc^＋, The available experimental △H^of0 and △H^of298 values for c-c3H2/c c3H2^＋, HcccH/HcccH^＋ are found to be in good accord with the ccSD（T）/cBS predictions after taking into account the experimental uncertainties.

关键词： Ab intio Ionization energy Heat of formation c-c3H2 HcccH H2ccc

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Variation in the Flaring Potential of Different Sunspot Groups During Different Phases of Solar cycles 23 and 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 144-153页

作者： Abha Singh Anurag chaudhari Gyaneshwar Sharma A.k.Singh Department of Physics T.D.P.G.College Jaunpur-222002India Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

In this present study,we have analyzed different types of X-ray solar flares(c,M,and X classes)coming out from different classes of sunspot groups(SSGs).The data which we have taken under this study cover the duration of 24 yr from 1996 to *** this,we observed a total of 15015 flares(8417 in Sc-23 and 6598 in Sc-24)emitted from a total of 33780 active regions(21746 in Sc-23 and 12034 in Sc-24)with sunspot *** defined the flaring potential or flare-production potential as the ratio of the total number of flares produced from a particular type of SSG to the total number of the same-class SSGs observed on the solar *** we studied yearly changes in the flaring potential of different McIntosh class groups of sunspots in different phases of Sc-23 and *** addition,we investigated yearly variations in the potential of producing flares by different SSGs(A,B,c,D,E,F,and H)during different phases(ascending,maximum,descending,and minimum)of Sc-23 and *** are our findings:(1)D,E,and F SSGs have the potential of producing flares≥8 times greater than A,B,c and H SSGs;(2)The larger and more complex D,E,and F SSGs produced nearly 80%of flares in Sc-23 and 24;(3)The A,B,c and H SSGs,which are smaller and simpler,produced only 20%of flares in Sc-23 and 24;(4)The biggest and most complex SSGs of F-class have flaring potential 1.996 and 3.443 per SSG in Sc-23 and 24,respectively.(5)The potential for producing flares in each SSG is higher in Sc-24 than in Sc-23,although Sc-24 is a weaker cycle than Sc-23.(6)The alterations in the number of flares(c+M+X)show different time profiles than the alterations in sunspot numbers during Sc-23 and 24,with several peaks.(7)The SSGs of c,D,E,and H-class have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of both Sc-23 and 24.(8)F-class SSGs have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of Sc-23 but also in the maximum phase of Sc-24.

关键词： (Sun:)sunspots-Sun flares-Sun activity-Sun magnetic fields-Sun filaments-prominences

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Late Pleistocene calcretes from central Anatolia(Lakes Eymir and Mogan, G?lba?? Basin): comparison to Quaternary calcretes from Turkey

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第5期27卷 874-882页

作者： ceren kücükuysal Mugla Sitki kocman University Engineering Faculty Department of Geological Engineering Kotekli 48000 Turkey

This study is the first to report the radiocarbon ages, mineralogical, morphological, geochemical and stable isotope compositions of calcretes from Neogene sediments around lakes Eymir and Mogan in the G？lba？？ Basin of central Anatolia. Morphologically different forms of calcretes in the G？lba？？ Basin include powdery, nodular, fracture infill, laminar and hardpan types. calcite is the dominant mineral of calcrete compositions; the diagnostic features of dessication cracks, random fractures, Mn O linings and dense sparitic infillings are observed. chemical analyses show arid conditions with mean annual precipitation of 〈50 mm. δ13c compositions of the calcretes range from-6.77‰ to-9.32‰ PDB, typical for most pedogenic calcretes, reflecting the development under seasonally arid climates and c3-dominated vegetation cover. δ18O values are between-5.57‰ and-7.80‰ PDB, indicating the formation from meteoric water in a vadose zone environment. The results suggest that the Middle Pleistocene was arider and warmer, favouring the formation of palygorskite in association with the different forms of calcrete occurrences, whereas the Late Pleistocene was dryer and cooler, supporting the development of calcretes.

关键词： calcrete micromorphology stable isotopes mineralogy central Anatolia.

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