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Reactivity of N-cyanoalkyl-substituted.imid.zolium halid. salts by simple elution through an azid. anion exchange resin

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1683-1687页

作者： d.AB d.vid.M. KELLEY Steven P. SHAMSHINA Julia L. SMIGLAK Marcin COJOCARU O. And.eea GURAU Gabriela rogers robin d. Center for Green Manufacturing and.d.partment of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Certain N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized.imid.zolium halid. salts unexpected.y und.rgo nitrile hyd.olysis to amid.s, as well as d.polar cycload.ition to tetrazoles when eluted.on azid. anion exchanged.resin.

关键词： multi-heterocycles ionic liquid. azid. exchange column nitrile cycload.ition tetrazoles imid.zolium halid.

Preface: An International Look at Ionic Liquid.

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1475-1477页

作者： robin d. rogers SuoJiang Zhang JianJi Wang Queens Univ Belfast QUILLBelfast BT7 1NNAntrimNorth Ireland Univ Alabama TuscaloosaAL 35487 USA Chinese Acad.Sci Inst Proc EngnBeijing 100864Peoples R China Henan Normal Univ Key Lab Green Chem&TechnolXinxiangPeoples R China

Welcome to the Science China Chemistry special issue ＂Ionic Liquid. and.Green Chemistry＂. We have assembled.28 papers （13 from China and.15 from outsid. China） in the field.to highlight the continued.growth of this exciting area. We gratefully acknowled.e the support from Science China Press and.thank Prof. Xingmei Lu, d.. Qian Wang, d.. Guanqun Song, the authors, and.the referees for their great contributions to this special issue.

关键词：离子液体科学出版社国际绿色化学持续增长中国博士

Separations of Metal Ions Using Ionic Liquid.: The Challenges of Multiple Mechanisms

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Tsinghua Science and.Technology 2006年第2期11卷 188-193页

作者： Violina A. Cocalia John d. Holbrey Keith E. Gutowski Nicholas J. Brid.es robin d. rogers d.partment of Chemistry and.Center for Green Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ionic liquid. are a d.stinct sub-set of liquid., comprising only of cations and.anions, often with negligible vapor pressure. As a result of the low or non-volatility of these fluid., ionic liquid. are often consid.red.in liquid.liquid.separation schemes where the goal is to replace volatile organic solvents. Unfortunately, it is often not yet recognized.that the ionic nature of these solvents can result in a variety of extraction mechanisms, includ.ng solvent ion-pair extraction, ion exchange, and.simultaneous combinations of these. This paper d.scusses current ionic liquid.based.separations research where the effects of the nature of the solvent ions, ligand., and.metal ion species were stud.ed.in ord.r to be able to und.rstand.the nature of the challenges in utilizing ionic liquid. for practical applications.

关键词： metal ion liquid.liquid.separation ionic liquid solvent extraction

Complementary Physical and.Mechanical Techniques to Characterise Tooth: A Bone-like Tissue

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第1期3卷 19-31页

作者： Peter Zioupos Keith d. rogers Centre for Photo-manipulation and.Photo-analysis of Materials Cranfield University Shrivenham SN 6 8LA UK Centre for Materials Science and.Engineering Cranfield University Postgraduate Medical School Shrivenham SN 6 8LA UK

Bone like tissues are biocomposites comprising an organic matrix （mostly collagen） and.a reinforcement phase in the form of mineral crystals （poorly stoichiometric apatite）. The composite properties are a result of the material characteristics of the two phases, their interaction, the relative composition, the orientation and.the micro-architecture of the structure. The inherent spatial heterogeneity of these tissues （a result of evolutionary and.functional requirements） and.their exposure to various environmental and.mechanical influences result in highly variable properties on the microscale, which can only be characterised.by mod.rn microanalytical method.. We present here results obtained.by the complementary use of the mod.m nanoind.ntation and.micro-X-ray d.ffraction techniques, which were used.to probe the properties and.structure of human d.ntine and.enamel of primary molar teeth. The results show that both the ad.ition and.the higher organization of mineral within the organic matrix prod.ce stiffer and.hard.r tissue and.that the examination of properties within small tissue volumes can be reliably achieved.by use of these two method. in parallel. This opens new avenues in the stud. of biomaterial in general, and.for the local characterisation of regions of teeth that suffered.bacterial attack, mechanical wear, fluorid.sation, chemical bleaching, or d.ntal treatment such as laser ablation or d.illing.

关键词： biogenic composites teeth nanoind.ntation hard.ess X-ray d.ffraction

Switchable carbamate coagulants to improve recycling ionic liquid.from biomass solutions

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Green Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期2卷 384-391页

作者： Julia L.Shamshina Ying Qin Ken Belmore d.niel T.d.ly robin d.rogers Fiber and.Biopolymer Research Institute Department of Plant and Soil ScienceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA Alabama Institute for Manufacturing Excellence The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA d.partment of Chemistry and.Biochemistry The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA College of Arts&Sciences The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA Solutions Inc.P.O.Box 2206TuscaloosaAL35403USA

A reversible amine-carbamate approach has been d.veloped.to red.ce the use of antisolvents such as water in the coagulation of biopolymers from ionic liquid.IL)solution and.thus improve the economy of IL *** and.chitin were recovered.from 1-ethyl-3-methylimid.zolium acetate([C_(2)mim][OAc])solution by introd.cing the miscible amines triethanolamine(TEA),ethylened.amine(Ed.),or butylamine(BA)and.bubbling CO_(2) at 40℃ and.atmospheric pressure through the solutions to form carbamate salts in situ which resulted.in biopolymer *** gave the best results because of its low boiling point and.low viscosity,which benefited.both biopolymer recovery and.IL *** films and.fibers could.be formed.by extrusion of an MCC/[C_(2)mim]-[OAc]solution into a coagulating bath comprised.of a 1:1 M mixture of[C_(2)mim][OAc]and.butylammonium butylcarbamate(BA-carbamate).The cellulose,IL,amine,and.CO_(2) were easily separated.although the cellulose recovered.required.some water washings to remove traces of *** to 96.4%of the[C_(2)mim][OAc]could.be recovered.76.2%from the coagulation bath and.20.2%from the water *** recycled.IL was suitable for another cycle of cellulose d.ssolution and.extrusion and.84.6%of the IL used.for the second.cycle was *** further work is need.d.not the least of which will be red.cing the amount of water need.d.for washing steps,some promising features of this process point the way for new d.rections for more economically viable IL recycling processes in biomass treatment with ILs.

关键词： Carbamate Ionic liquid Recovery Switchable Coagulation Biopolymers Carbamates IL recycle

A STRATEGY FOR CONTROLLEd.FORMATION OF NEW SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES?

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A STRATEGY FOR CONTROLLED FORMATION OF NEW SUPRAMOLECULAR AR...

New instability and.mixing simulations using SPH and.a novel mixing measure

中国化学会第二十五届学术年会

作者： robin d. rogers d.partment of Chemistry and.Center for Green Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

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Journal of Hyd.od.namics 2020年第4期32卷 684-698页

作者： Georgina Reece Bened.ct d.rogers Steven Lind.Georgios Fourtakas d.partment of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversityof ManchesterManchesterUK

This paper assesses the ability of smoothed.particle hyd.od.namics (SPH) to simulate mixing of two-phase flows and.theirtransition to instabilities und.r d.fferent flow regimes. A new measure for quantification of the d.gree of mixing between phases in aLagrangian framework is also d.veloped. The method.is valid.ted.using the lid.d.iven cavity and.two-phase Poiseuille flow cases. Thevelocity along the centre of the cavity is compared.with results from the literature, whilst commercial volume-of-fluid.cod.STAR-CCM+ provid.s a benchmark for the mixing and.d.fferent mixing measures are consid.red. The velocity of two-phase Poiseuilleflow along the channel is compared.to the analytical solution, and.the appearance of interfacial instabilities with perturbation *** is the first time SPH has been used.to investigate the onset and.d.velopment of these instabilities. In particular, it is able to mod.lthe d.forming shape of the interface, which is not given by analytical stud.es, while also offering improved.pred.ctions overconventional mesh-based.computational fluid.d.namics simulations.

关键词： Smoothed.particle hyd.od.namics(SPH) multi-phase mixing instability

Convergent evolution of brain morphology and.communication mod.lities in lizard.

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 281-291页

作者： Christopher d. robin.SON Michael S. PATTON Britmey M. ANd.E Michele A. JOHNSON Trinity University Department of Biology One Trinity Place San Antonio Texas 78212 USA

Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, aud.tory, and.or tactile mod.lities. The use of each mod.lityis generally linked.to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved.in association with the relative use of a *** investigated.relationships between the behavioral use of communication mod.lities and.neural morphologies in six lizard.species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and.Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and.d.tect potential prey, and.two （Aspid.scelis gularis and.Scincella lateralis） communicate and.forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemid.ctylus turcicus and.Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and.chemical signals. For each species, we performed.beha- vioral observations and.quantified.rates of visual and.chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned.brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and.measured.the soma size and.d.nsity of neurons in two brain regions associated.with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and.the nucleus rotund.s） and.one region associated.with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses cond.cted.in a phylogenetic context, we found.that species that performed.higher rates of visual d.splays had.a d.nser lateral geniculate nucleus, and.species that used.a higher proportion of chemical d.splays had.larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved.convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .

关键词： Brain Communication mod.lity Lizard. Pheromones Social behavior Vision

Male competition and.speciation： expand.ng our framework for speciation by sexual selection

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 69-73页

作者： Alycia C. R. LACKEY Michael d. MARTIN robin M. TINGHITELLA d.partment of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton NY 13902 USA d.partment of Biology Oxford College of Emory University Oxford GA 30054 USA d.partment of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO 80208 USA

Introd.ctionSexual selection is a powerful source of rapid.evolutionary change, and.there is a long-stand.ng hypothesis that it can cause reprod.ctive isolation. However, our und.rstand.ng of speciation by sexual selection is largely limited.to mechanisms by which sexual selection via female mate choice can d.ive d.vergence （i.e., when male mating signals and.female preferences for those signals d.versify; Panhuis et al. 2001; Maan and.Seehausen 2011）. Male competition for mates--d.rwin＇s second.mechanism of sexual selection-can also favor rapid.and.d.amatic phenotypic and.genotypic changes, yet it has been all but overlooked.in speciation research （d.rwin 1859, 1871; Seehausen and.Schluter 2004;

关键词：竞争框架配偶选择多样化达尔文机制信号进化