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Multi-regional observations and validation of the M_(3)ocean tide

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中国科学:地球科学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2265-2277页

作者： adam Thomas dEVLIN Jiayi PAN déborah IdIER School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330022China Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawai’i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA department of Oceanography University of Hawai’i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077China Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education Nanchang330022China BRGM Orléans45060France

Improved determinations of the oft-ignored third-degree ocean tides can yield better accuracy for tidal predictions,numerical model solutions,and *** only a small part of tidal range,these components can be larger at certain coastal locations due to shelf resonances and other ***,we discuss observations of the M3lunar terdiurnal tide using 9-year windowed tidal harmonic analyses at 157 tide gauges compares to a global assimilation model(TPXO9v5a),with a focus on the Western Pacific and the European ***9v5a does well in estimating the observed M_(3)amplitudes and phase lags in most regions,though determinations in coastal zones and in morphologically complex areas are coarse and often *** also employ a shallow-water model(MARS)on the European Shelf,which can yield localized improvement over *** five subregions of the European Shelf,regional root-mean-squared-errors(RMSEs)are lower(and thus a better fit)at three locations for TPXO for amplitudes,and three for phase lags,with MARS simulations being a better fit in the other *** also show that some locations have experienced significant long-term increases and/or decreases in the M_(3)amplitude over time,likely related to resonance changes under sea level rise(SLR)which can modulate the oceanic response to astronomical *** hypothesis is explored for Europe using the MARS model by applying various sea level rise scenarios,showing that the directionality(positive or negative)of the long-term changes in M_(3)amplitudes over time match the model results for more than half of our validation stations.

关键词： Third-degree tides M_(3)tide Altimetry Numerical simulation Sea level rise

“Teaching old dogs new tricks”:targeting neural extracellular matrix for normal and pathological aging-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 578-581页

作者： adam d.Richard Xiao-Hong Lu department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Cognitive decline is a feature of normal and pathological aging. As the proportion of the global aged population continues to grow, it is imperative to understand the molecular and cellular substrates of cognitive aging for therapeutic discovery. This review focuses on the critical role of neural extracellular matrix in the regulation of neuroplasticity underlying learning and memory in another under-investigated "critical period": the aging process. The fascinating ideas of neural extracellular matrix forming a synaptic cradle in the tetrapartite synapse and possibly serving as a substrate for storage of very long-term memories will be introduced. We emphasize the distinct functional roles of diffusive neural extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets and the advantage of the coexistence of two structures for the adaptation to the ever-changing external and internal environments. Our study of striatal neural extracellular matrix supports the idea that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-associated extracellular matrix is restrictive on synaptic neuroplasticity, which plays important functional and pathogenic roles in early postnatal synaptic consolidation and aging-related cognitive decline. Therefore, the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-associated neural extracellular matrix can be targeted for normal and pathological aging. Future studies should focus on the cell-type specificity of neural extracellular matrix to identify the endogenous, druggable targets to restore juvenile neuroplasticity and confer a therapeutic benefit to neural circuits affected by aging.

关键词： aging cognitive decline neural extracellular matrix tetrapartite synapse long-term memory storage therapeutic targeting striatum chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan

dissecting the dendritic cell controversy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第3期12卷 283-291页

作者： adam J. Gehring June Ann d'Angelo Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA Saint Louis University Liver Center SaintLouis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA

Therapeutic vaccines to boost endogenous T-cell immunity rely on the stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells （dCs）. The functionality of dCs in chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection has been a long-standing debate. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize multiple studies investigating dC function in chronic HBV patients to determine whether common observations can be drawn. We found that the frequency and function of ex vivo-tested myeloid and plasmacytoid dCs were largely intact in patients with HBV infection and similar to those of healthy donor dCs. The main exception was reduced IFN-a production by plasmacytoid dC from chronic HBV patients. This reduced IFN-a production correlated with liver inflammation in multiple studies but not with viral load, suggesting that viral antigens have little effect on dC function. The majority of the confusion about dC function arises from studies reporting the reduced function of healthy donor dCs exposed to various sources of H BV in vitro. These direct effects of viral antigens are in contrast to data from HBV-infected patients. The variations in the assays used and areas that reauire further investigation are also covered

关键词： Hepatitis B virus dendritic Cell Vaccination

Special issue on “Fluorescent probes”

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 1-3页

作者： adam C.Sedgwick Tony d.James department of Chemistry University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712-1224USA department of Chemistry University of BathBathBA27AYUK

Fluorescent probes are intelligently designed molecules that transform the act of binding/reacting with a target analyte into an optical signal[1,2].Their high sensitivity and specificity coupled with high spatial and temporal resolution offers a non-invasive approach to observe a specific analyte within complex biological environments in real time with high precision[3].These"molecular tools"have the capability to interrogate the role of specific biomarkers that are associated with a particular disease state or can be used to improve our understanding of the role or certain species in a biological pathway[4,5].

关键词： Fluorescent specific reacting

Genomic and mitochondrial evidence of ancient isolations and extreme introgression in the four-lined snake

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 99-111页

作者： Evanthia THANOU Panagiotis KORNILIOS Petros LYMBERAKIS adam d.LEACHE department of Biology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA The Molecular Ecology Backshop LoutrakiGreece Institute of Evolutionary Biology(CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) BarcelonaSpain Natural History Museum of Crete University of CreteIrakleioGreece

Comparing mitochondrial and genomic phylogenies is an essential tool for investigating speciation processes,because each genome carries different inheritance properties and evolutionary ***,mitonuclear discordance may arise from ecological adaptation,historic isolation,population size changes,and sex-biased *** related taxa are expected to experience gene flow;however,this may not be true for insular populations or populations isolated in *** four-lined snake Elaphe quatuorlineata has a fragmented distribution,separating populations of the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas,whereas several insular Aegean populations of significantly smaller body size(Cyclades island group and Skyros Island,Greece)are currently considered distinct *** constructed the species-tree phylogeny of this species utilizing genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and a gene-tree based on complete cytochrome b sequences,aiming to detect convergence and discrepancies between biparentally and maternally inherited *** structuring,phylogenetic patterns and migration events among geographically defined lineages supported our hypothesis of isolation in multiple *** biogeographical barriers did not restrict subsequent dispersal,extensive genetic exchange occurred between mainland Balkan *** process has led to the mitochondrial sweep of an ancestral mitolineage that survived only in peripheral(East Greece)and insular populations(North Cyclades and Skyros).The Central Cyclades represent an ancient lineage for both molecular markers that emerged almost 3.3 *** their distinct morphology,insular *** populations should be the future focus of an extensive sampling,especially since the mitonuclear discordance observed in this species could be related to ecological adaptations,such as the island-dwarfism phenomenon.

关键词： Aegean Islands Elaphe quatuorlineata species-tree genome-wide SNPs mitochondrial introgression phylogeography refugia within refugia

Cytokines from the pig conceptus:roles in conceptus development in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 130-141页

作者： rodney d Geisert Matthew C Lucy Jeffrey J Whyte Jason W Ross daniel J Mathew Animal Sciences Research Center University of Missouri department of Animal Science Iowa State University

Establishment of pregnancy in pigs involves maintaining progesterone secretion from the corpora lutea in addition to regulating a sensitive interplay between the maternal immune system and attachment of the rapidly expanding trophoblast for nutrient absorption. The peri-implantation period of rapid trophoblastic elongation followed by attachment to the maternal uterine endometrium is critical for establishing a sufficient placental-uterine interface for subsequent nutrient transport for fetal survival to term, but is also marked by the required conceptus release of factors involved with stimulating uterine secretion of histotroph and modulation of the maternal immune system. Many endometrial genes activated by the conceptus secretory factors stimulate a tightly controlled proinflammatory response within the uterus. A number of the cytokines released by the elongating conceptuses stimulate inducible transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B （NFKB） potentially regulating the maternal uterine proinflammatory and immune response. This review will establish the current knowledge for the role of conceptus cytokine production and release in early development and establishment of pregnancy in the pig.

关键词： Cytokines Embryo development Porcine conceptus Pregnancy Prostaglandins uterus

Bird-plant interactions and vulnerability to biological invasions

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 692-702页

作者： adam d.Chupp Loretta L.Battaglia department of Plant Biology Southern Illinois UniversityLife Sciences IIMail Code 6509CarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA

Aims Species interactions regulate the invasiveness of non-native species and as declines of native tree species escalate,exotic tree species that offer supplementary resources to animal seed-dispersers should expand their distributions as they fill ecological *** primary objective was to forecast impacts from an imminent biological invasion(laurel wilt disease)by quantifying resources provided by native(threatened)and exotic fruits(disease-resistant)and associated bird foraging *** In the southeastern USA,we tested for redundancy among the resources provided by native and exotic fruits to overwintering *** between abundant subcanopy species Persea borbonia(native)and Cinnamomum camphora(exotic)were paramount considering the widespread disease-induced decline of ***,and the biological and phylogenetic similarities between these *** two winter survey periods,we quantified fruit removal and documented bird species using motion-activated cameras in the *** and chemical fruit characteristics were also *** Findings Foraging bouts on both *** and *** fruits were documented for four native bird *** was no difference in selectivity between fruit types during Year 1 of our survey,but there was a significant preference for *** fruit in Year 2;the change in preference was correlated with significantly lower temperatures in Year *** the pulp/seed ratio and moisture content differed,the nutritional content of fruit pulp(g/100 g)was similar between fruit *** the apparent redundancy among these native and exotic fruit resources,we forecast increases in the consumption and dispersal of exotic propagules following the widespread laurel wilt disease-induced decline of *** and other native fruit bearing members of *** empirically based prediction is among the first to document exotic forest pathogens as indirect threats to native bird-plant int

关键词： bird frugivory forest pests and pathogens Cinnamomum camphora laurel wilt disease Persea borbonia

Effects of Root Growth of deep and Shallow Rooting Rice Cultivars in Compacted Paddy Soils on Subsequent Rice Growth

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Rice science 2023年第5期30卷 459-472,I0022-I0024页

作者： Md.dhin ISLAM adam H.PRICE Paul d.HALLETT School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenSt Machar DrAberdeen AB243UUthe United Kingdom Faculty of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur-1706Bangladesh

Rice is often grown as multiple seasons in one year,alternating between flooded and upland systems.A major constraint,introduced from the flooded system,is a plough pan that may decrease rooting depth and productivity of follow-on upland *** penetrating the plough pan under flooded rice system can leave a legacy of weaker root growth *** rooting rice cultivars could have a bigger impact,but no direct evidence is *** explore whether a deep rather than a shallow rooting rice cultivar grown in a flooded cropping cycle benefited deeper root growth of follow-on rice in an upland,reduced tillage cropping cycle,a simulated flooded paddy in greenhouse was planted with deep(Black Gora) and shallow(IR64) rooting cultivars and a plant-free *** plough pans were made in between the topsoil and subsoil to form different treatments with no plough pan(0.35 MPa),soft plough pan(1.03 MPa) and hard plough pan(1.70 MPa).After harvest of this ‘first season’ rice,the soil was drained and undisturbed to simulate zero-tillage upland and planted rice cultivar BRRI dhan *** overall root length density(RLd),root surface area,the numbers of root tips and branching of BRRI dhan 28 did not vary between plough pan and no plough pan *** with the shallow rooting rice genotype,the deep rooting rice genotype as ‘first season’ crop produced 19% greater RLd,34% greater surface area and 29% more branching of BRRI dhan 28 in the *** the topsoil,however,BRRI dhan 28 had 28% greater RLd,35% greater surface area and 43% more branching for the shallow rather than deep rooting genotype planted in the ‘first season’.The results suggested that rice cultivar selection for a paddy cycle affects root growth of a follow-on rice crop grown under no-till,with benefits to subsoil access from deep rooting cultivars and topsoil proliferation for shallow rooting cultivars.

关键词： plough pan root growth biopores crop rotation Oryza sativa preceding crop zero-tillage

Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation and palaeogeographic reconstruction in the Poso depression,Central Sulawesi,Indonesia:from a sea channel to a land bridge

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第3期12卷 331-357页

作者： Abang Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha Ramadhan Adhitama adam d.Switzer Robert Hall Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.639798Singapore Fakultas Teknologi Kebumian dan Energi Universitas TrisaktiKampus A Gedung DJI.Kyai Tapa No.1GrogolJakarta 11441Indonesia Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.639798Singapore SE Asia Research Group Department of Earth SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyTW200EXUK

The Poso depression provides a record of Plio-Pleistocene environments and palaeogeography of Central ***-based sedimentological and provenance studies suggest that during the Pliocene the Poso depression was a sea channel connecting Gorontalo and Bone bays formed in an asymmetric *** Pliocene history began with deposition of the Puna Formation with fan deltas at the eastern basin margin and channel complexes in the deep-water basin further *** of light and heavy minerals indicate the main sediment source was ultrabasic rocks in East Sulawesi with minor and intermittent magmatic and metamorphic input from West ***,in the Middle to Late Pliocene,carbonates of the Poso Formation accumulated on the eastern basin *** are unconformably overlain by shallow marine glaucophane-rich siliciclastics of the Pleistocene Lage Formation that are associated with the rapid exhu-mation and uplift of the Pompangeo metamorphic *** uplift led to the development of a land bridge connecting western and eastern *** terrane evolution favoured increasing the area of exposed land due to rapid tectonic uplift,which when combined with the tropical climate,contributed to faunal speciation and dispersal in Sulawesi.

关键词： Palaeogeography Poso Sulawesi Sedimentation history Provenance