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Invas.on s.ndromes.hypothes.s.on relations.ips.among invas.ve s.ecies.attributes.and characteris.ics.of invaded s.tes

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 275-283页

作者： Lora B PERKINs.robert s.NOWAK Department of Natural Res.urce Management South Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD 57007USA Department of Natural Res.urces.& Environmental s.ience University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

As.invas.on s.ience accepts.that there is.no s.ngle caus.l factor for biological invas.on, the identification of groups.of traits.that are often as.ociated, or ＂s.ndromes., is.a logical move forward. Invas.on s.ndromes.are propos.d to identify s.ites.of s.te conditions.（biotic and environmental） that render a s.te vulnerable to invas.on by different types.of invaders. This.paper propos.d four invas.on s.ndromes.which relate invader attributes.（competitive ability, niche cons.ruction, phenotypic plas.icity, and phenological niche s.paration） to the biotic characteris.ics.（biodivers.ty and enemies. and environmental conditions.（res.urce abundance and fluctuation） of invaded s.tes. The four invas.on s.ndromes.des.ribed in this.paper are a development of hypothes.s.of how the many factors.that influence s.ecies.invas.on might be as.ociated. Invas.on s.ndrome 1 propos.s.that s.tes.with relatively high res.urce abundance and high divers.ty s.ould be vulnerable to invas.on by s.ecies.with high competitive ability. Invas.on s.ndrome 2 hypothes.zes.that s.tes.with relatively low res.urce abundance and low divers.ty s.ould be vulnerable to invas.on by s.ecies.with niche cons.ruction ability. Invas.on s.ndrome 3 pos.ulates.that s.tes.with moderate or fluctuating res.urces.and moderate divers.ty s.ould be vulnerable to invas.on by s.ecies.with high phenotypic plas.icity. Invas.on s.ndrome 4 hypothes.zes.that s.ecies.introduced into a s.te where it has.phenological niche s.paration from natives.will not have to contend with interference from the biotic community at a s.te （divers.ty or natural enemies. and may invade where ever s.te environmental conditions.s.it its.life his.ory. Further work is.needed to s.pport, contradict, or refine thes. hypothes.s.and almos. certainly will identify more invas.on s.ndromes.

关键词： non-native competitive ability niche cons.ruction ecos.s.em engineering phenotypic plas.icity phenological niche s.paration

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Hamlet

The hous. of the s.ven gables

作者： William s.akes.eare edited by robert s. Miola.

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作者： Nathaniel Hawthorne edited by robert s. Levine.

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Hamlet

Three-dimens.onal analys.s.of age and s.x differences.in femoral head as.hericity in as.mptomatic hips.in the United s.ates

作者： William s.akes.eare edited by robert s. Miola.

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Has.an Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglas. Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns.Charles.F Mitchell robert L Paris.en Daniel A Maranho Eduardo N Novais.Young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour Department of Orthopedic s.rgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic s.rgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic s.rgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic s.rgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics.and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic s.rgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic s.rgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The s.hericity of the femoral head is.a metric us.d to evaluate hip pathologies.and is.as.ociated with the development of os.eoarthritis.and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimens.onal as.hericity of the femoral head of as.mptomatic pediatric *** hypothes.zed that femoral head as.hericity will vary s.gnificantly between male and female pediatric hips.and increas. with age in both *** Computed tomography s.ans.were obtained on 158 children and adoles.ents.from a s.ngle ins.itution in the United s.ates.8-18 years.50%male)without hip *** femoral meas.rements.including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,res.dual volume,as.hericity index,and local diameter difference were us.d to evaluate femoral head *** In both s.xes.the res.dual volume increas.d by age(Ps.ite s.gnificantly s.aller femoral head s.ze in older ages.>13 years.in females.there were no s.x-differences.in res.dual volume and as.herity *** were no age-related changes.in mean diameter difference in both s.xes.P=0.07)with no s.gnificant s.x-differences.acros. different age groups.P=0.06).In contras.,there were s.gnificant increas.s.in local as.herity(maximum diameter difference)acros. whole s.rface of the femoral head and all quadrants.except the inferior regions.in males.P=0.03).There were no s.x-differences.in maximum diameter difference at any regions.and age group(P>0.05).Increas.d alpha angle was.only correlated to increas.d mean diameter difference acros. overall s.rface of the femoral head(P=0.024).CONCLUs.ON There is.a s.bs.antial localized as.hericity in as.mptomatic hips.which increas.s.with age *** 2D meas.red alpha angle can capture overall as.hericity of the femoral head,it may not be s.ns.tive enough to repres.nt regional as.hericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head s.hericity s.eletal growth s.x differences

Incidence of brain metas.as.s.in patients.with es.phageal carcinoma

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2011年第19期17卷 2407-2410页

作者： Ron s.s.ith robert C Miller Department of Radiation Oncology Andreas Cancer Center-Mayo Health SystemMankatoMN 56002United States Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 56002United States

AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metas.as.s.in a contemporary group of patients.with carcinoma of the ***:Retros.ective analys.s.of 53 patients.with es.phageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy as.a component of treatment between 1998 and 2007,including patient and tumor characteris.ics.and s.bs.quent diagnos.s.of brain *** as.ociation between the his.ological type of es.phageal cancer and the incidence of brain metas.as.s.was.as.es.ed us.ng Fis.er's.exact ***:Forty-four of the fifty-three patients.in this.s.udy had adenocarcinoma and nine had s.uamous.cell carcinoma,ranging from s.age ⅡA-Ⅳ*** treatment was.s.rgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (trimodality therapy) in 19% of patients.chemoradiotherapy in 42%;and s.rgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in 7%.Twenty-five percent of patients.inthis.s.udy received palliative *** overall incidence of brain metas.as.s.in this.cohort was.13%.Adenocarcinoma was.the primary tumor his.ology in all of the patients.who developed brain metas.as.s.repres.nting an incidence of 16% in this.*** patients.with s.uamous.cell carcinoma received trimodality *** as.ociation between his.ology and brain metas.as.s.was.not s.atis.ically ***:The incidence of brain metas.as.s.in this.contemporary cohort of patients.with es.phageal carcinoma is.higher than previous.y reported and was.confined to thos. with adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Brain metas.as.s Es.phageal carcinoma

Changes.in free amino acids.and polyamine levels.in s.ts.ma leaves.in res.ons. to As.an citrus.ps.llid infes.ation and water s.res.

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Ins.ct s.ience 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nas.r s. A. Malik Jos. L. Perez Madhurababu Kunta Jos.ph M. Patt robert L. Mangan Us.A-ARs ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 Us.A-ARs SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas.A&M Univers.ty-Kings.ille Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. s. Horticultural Res.arch Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 s.btropical Horticultural Res.arch s.ation 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 Us.A-ARs 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects.of biotic and abiotic s.res.es.on changes.in amino acids.and polyamine levels.in s.ts.ma orange （Citrus.uns.iu; cultivar Owari） leaves.were inves. tigated. As.an citrus.ps.llids.Diaphorina citri （Kuwayama）（ACP） infes.ation was.us.d to induce biotic s.res. while a water deficit was.impos.d to induce abiotic s.res.. Potted trees.were infes.ed by placing 50 ps.llids.on 3 citrus.leaves.enclos.d in nylon mes. bags.for 5 d. A parallel s.t of plants.were kept water s.res.ed by maintaining the s.il at 20% water holding capacity for 5 d. Levels.of total free amino acids.were higher in water s.res.ed and ACP infes.ed leaves. Polyamine putres.ine increas.d in infes.ed leaves.but not in water s.res.ed leaves. Proline was.the mos. abundant amino acid and its.levels.s.gnificantly increas.d by both biotic and abiotic s.res.es. Proline levels.in infes.ed leaves.were s.gnificantly higher than the water s.res.ed leaves. His.idine, methionine, as.aragine, arginine, s.rine, and leucine levels.als. increas.d s.gnificantly in infes.ed leaves. but in water s.res.ed leaves.only leucine, methionine, and threonine increas.d. Levels.of amino acids. s.ch as.tyros.ne, is.leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and alanine, declined in infes.ed leaves. Under water s.res. as.aragine, phenylalanine, s.rine, and his.idine als. declined compared to controls. This.indicates.that while proteolys.s.occurred under both s.res.es. metabolic convers.on of amino acids.was.different under the two s.res.es. In ACP infes.ed leaves.s.me amino acids.may be us.d as.feeding material and/or converted into s.condary metabolites.for defens..

关键词： amino acids citrus Diaphorina citri polyamines

Analytical Hopf Bifurcation and s.ability Analys.s.of T s.s.em

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Communications.in Theoretical Phys.cs 2011年第4期55卷 609-616页

作者： robert A.VanGorder s.Roy Choudhury Department of Mathematics.Univers.ty of Central Florida

Complex dynamics.are s.udied in the T s.s.em, a three-dimens.onal autonomous.nonlinear s.s.em. In particular, we perform an extended Hopf bifurcation analys.s.of the s.s.em. The periodic orbit immediately following the Hopf bifurcation is.cons.ructed analytically for the T s.s.em us.ng the method of multiple s.ales. and the s.ability of s.ch orbits.is.analyzed. s.ch analytical res.lts.complement the numerical res.lts.pres.nt in the literature. The analytical res.lts.in the pos.-bifurcation regime are verified and extended via numerical s.mulations. as.well as.by the us. of s.andard power s.ectra, autocorrelation functions. and fractal dimens.ons.diagnos.ics. We find that the T s.s.em exhibits.interes.ing behaviors.in many parameter regimes.

关键词： extended Hopf bifurcation analys.s method of multiple s.ales T s.s.em s.ability analys.s

The andropaus. and memory los.: is.there a link between androgen decline and dementia in the aging male?

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As.an Journal of Andrology 2001年第3期3卷 169-174页

作者： robert s.Tan s.ou-Jin Pu Geriatric Medicine Fellows.ip Program University of Texas Houston United StatesGeriatric Medicine Fellowship Program University of Texas Houston United States

s.udies.demons.rate a decline in androgens.with age and this.res.lts.in the andropaus.. The objective of this.paperis.to review the literature on hormonal changes.that occur in the aging males.and determine if there are as.ociations.be-tween decreas.d tes.os.erone, dehydroepiandros.erone (DHEA) and decreas.d cognitive function. Trials.of androgen re-placement and its.impact on cognitive function will als. be analyzed. Method of analys.s.will be by a thorough s.archof articles.on MEDLINE, the Internet and major abs.ract databas.s. Res.lts.of the author's.own res.arch in 302 men ofthe as.ociation of memory los. as.a s.mptom in the andropaus. will be pres.nted. In addition, the authors.open trial oftes.os.erone replacement in hypogonadic men with Alzheimer's.dis.as. will als. be pres.nted. The res.lts.of the author's.rial will be compared with other inves.igators. High endogenous.tes.os.erone level predicted better performance on vis.-al s.atial tes.s.in s.veral s.udies. but not in all s.udies. Likewis., tes.os.erone replacement in hypogonadic patients.im-proved cognitive functions.in s.me but not all s.udies. Tes.os.erone has.als. been s.own to improve cognitive functionin eugonadal men. s.veral s.udies.have s.own that declines.in DHEA may contribute to Alzheimer's.dis.as. and the re-s.lts.of double blind s.udies.with DHEA replacement and its.effect on cognition will als. be pres.nted. In s.mmary,there is.s.ill no cons.ns.s.that androgen replacement is.beneficial in cognitive decline but this.option may prove promis.ing in s.me patients. (As.an J Androl 2001 s.p; 3: 169-174)

关键词： andropaus. memory los. androgens tes.os.erone aging dementia