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Effect of Deficit Irrigation Practice on Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching under Semi-Arid Conditions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第5期14卷 385-394页

作者： Sarvet Jehan muhammad Iqbal Tayyaba Samreen Mehwish Liaquat Sehrish Kanwal Munaza Naseem Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Entomology Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan

Agricultural sector acts as a major consumer of water which accounts for 70 percent of global freshwater use. Water scarcity acts as an imminent threat to agriculture, there is a need to use those irrigation and management practices that could overcome this overwhelming situation of water scarcity. Lab incubation study was designed to evaluate the effect of different moisture levels (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% FC) on nitrogen mineralization rate. Net nitrogen mineralization was shown at 60% and 80% FC levels. Two optimized irrigation levels (I0.6 and I0.8) along with four levels of dairy manure (10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1) were used in a lysimetric trial. Nitrate-nitrogen was measured at four depths (D1: 30 cm, D2: 60 cm, D3: 90 cm, and D4: 120 cm). Results showed strong interaction of irrigation and dairy manure at all depths. Mean maximum nitrate-nitrogen concentration was shown under full irrigation at 120 cm soil depth with the application of DM ®25 Mg ha-1. Under two levels of deficit irrigation, I0.8 has shown maximum nitrate-nitrogen concentration at 90 cm soil depth with the application of DM25, however, deficit irrigation level I0.6 restricted nitrate-nitrogen movement up to 60 cm soil depth, and high concentration was found at 30 cm soil depth. We concluded that deficit irrigation practice along with dairy manure resulted in more nitrate-nitrogen in the upper 60 cm layer of soil where it can be more available for the crops.

关键词： Dairy Manure Deficit Irrigation Nitrogen Mineralization Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching

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Defocus blur detection using novel local directional mean patterns(LDMP)and segmentation via KNN matting

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第2期16卷 110-122页

作者： Awais KHAN Aun IRTAZA Ali JAVED Tahira NAZIR Hafiz MALIK Khalid Mahmood MALIK muhammad Ammar KHAN Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MichiganDearbornMI 48128USA Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityMI 48309USA

Detection and segmentation of defocus blur is a challenging task in digital imaging applications as the blurry images comprise of blur and sharp regions that wrap significant information and require effective methods for information *** defocus blur detection and segmentation methods have several limitations i.e.,discriminating sharp smooth and blurred smooth regions,low recognition rate in noisy images,and high computational cost without having any prior knowledge of images i.e.,blur degree and camera ***,there exists a dire need to develop an effective method for defocus blur detection,and segmentation robust to the above-mentioned *** paper presents a novel features descriptor local directional mean patterns(LDMP)for defocus blur detection and employ KNN matting over the detected LDMP-Trimap for the robust segmentation of sharp and blur *** argue/hypothesize that most of the image fields located in blurry regions have significantly less specific local patterns than those in the sharp regions,therefore,proposed LDMP features descriptor should reliably detect the defocus blurred *** fusion of LDMP features with KNN matting provides superior performance in terms of obtaining high-quality segmented regions in the ***,the proposed LDMP features descriptor is robust to noise and successfully detects defocus blur in high-dense noisy *** results on Shi and Zhao datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of defocus blur *** and comparative analysis signify that our method achieves superior segmentation performance and low computational cost of 15 seconds.

关键词： defocus blur detection local directional mean patterns image matting sharpness metrics blur segmentation

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LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Colistin in Human Plasma: Validation and Stability Studies

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International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography 2021年第1期9卷 1-11页

作者： Nada H. Binhashim Syed N. Alvi muhammad M. Hammami Clinical Studies and Empirical Ethics Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center Riyadh KSA Alfaisal University College of Medicine Riyadh KSA

A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the determination of colistin A and colistin B in human plasma was developed and validated. Clarithromycin was used as an internal standard (IS). Plasma extraction was performed using C-18 cartridges and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid. Analysis was performed using Atlantis dC18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 3 μm) column at room temperature and a mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid in acetonitrile and water (50:50, v:v), delivered at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/minute. Eluent was detected in the positive ion mode using electrospray ionization at the following transitions of mass to charge (m/z): colistin A, 585.6 → 101.4;colistin B, 578.7 → 101.3;and IS, 748.6 → 158.4. No interference by components of blank plasma or commonly used drugs was observed. The relationship between colistin A colistin B concentrations and their corresponding peak height ratios to the IS was linear over the range of 0.05 - 10 μg/ml. Inter-day coefficient of variation and bias were, respectively, ≤11.5% and −3.0 to 6.0 for colistin A and ≤9.9 and −4.7 to 3.0 for colistin B. Mean extraction recovery of colistin A, colistin B, and the IS were 97%, 94%, and 97%, respectively. The method was applied to assess the stability of colistin A and colistin B in processed samples (24 hr. at room temperature, 48 hours at −20°C) and unprocessed samples (24 hr. at room temperature, 8 weeks at −20°C) and after three cycles of freeze and thaw found to be ≥87%.

关键词： Colistin Clarithromycin Human Plasma LC-MS/MS

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Impact of Releasing Wastewater of Sugar Industries into Drainage System of LBOD,Sindh,Pakistan

Impact of Releasing Wastewater of Sugar Industries into Drai...

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作者： Abdul Latif Qureshi Ali Asghar Mahessar muhammad Ehsan-Ul-Haq Leghari Bakhshal Khan Lashari Fateh muhammad Mari the Institute of Water Resources Engineering and Management(IWREM) Mehran University Engineering & Technology the Environmental Management Unit Sindh Irrigation and Drainage Authority Sindh Irrigation & Drainage Authority IWREM Mehran University of Engg.&Tech. Sindh Water Sector Improvement Project

Sugar factories are supporting national economy as these are playing key role for development of socio-economic sectors of a country. The main product of Sugar industries is white sugar and by products are alcohol, ethanol, liquid carbon dioxide and household textiles. However, industries are generating effluents during cane crushing and distillery operation;which is hazardous, damaging and degrading the environmental eco-system. Sugar industries were established in the catchment area of Left bank outfall drain(LBOD) system. The untreated effluent generated from these Sugar mills is released into drainage system through network of LBOD system in lower part of Sindh province of Pakistan. The effluent generated is mostly organic having small quantum of in-organic material. Estimated wastes are Sulphur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, lead, fly-ash and dust, plant and workforce sewage, process waste which comprised of bagass, molasses, filter mud and grease oil from various sources of plant. The pollution level of effluents was evaluated against the National Environmental quality standard(NEQS) recommended level as well as with World Health Organization(WHO) level.

关键词： LBOD catchment area sugar industries untreated effluent and wastewater disposal

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Introduction, Sign, Symptoms, Prevention and Management of Lyme Disease Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi Channeled through Ixodes Ticks as Vector. A Review

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第5期4卷 249-259页

作者： Fakhra Tabbasam muhammad Faheem Malik Usman Asghar Kamaran Saeed Paracha Takhmina Nazir University of Gujrat Ghakkhar Pakistan

God has created many miraculous creature;ticks are one of them. Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterium that lives into the gut of ticks. When such ticks feed upon the blood of Ticks and other livestock, bacteria are transferred into their blood stream of these hosts. A disease is caused into human beings if such infected tick bites humans that are called as Lyme disease. This review will help to have a keen study on the cause, sign, symptoms, prevention and management of this disease.

关键词： Borrelia burgdorferi Livestocks

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Alarming Presentation of a Seemingly Common Condition in a Patient with Renal Impairment

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2013年第4期3卷 181-183页

作者： Mohammad Budruddin muhammad Yasir Khalil Issa Al Salmi Ramaiah Shilpa Nephrology Department Royal Hospital Muscat Oman Nephrology Department Tawam Hospital Al Ain UAE

We received a 23-year-old male, working in the Army for 18 months, with advanced renal impairment, haemoptysis and hyperkalemia. An impression of the pulmonary renal syndrome was made and he was managed aggressively with haemodialysis, plasma exchange and pulsing with methyl prednisolone. His condition improved, but the renal functions did not. The vasculitic workup including Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) and Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) which were sent on admission came out to be negative. As he apparently responded to the initial management protocol, he was subjected to renal biopsy which did not reveal any vasculitis but was consistent for end-stage renal disease. Subsequently he was subjected to lung biopsy which also was not supportive for vasculitis. However, we concluded that the initial pointers for Wegener’s granulomatosis were misleading. The haemoptysis entirely subsided as the congestion improved. He was maintained on Haemodialysis three times per week schedule and discharged to the peripheral health care facility.

关键词： Haemoptysis Renal Impairment Pulmonary Renal Syndrome Haemodialysis ENA ANCA Vasculitis Pulmonary Oedema

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巴基斯坦北部小喜马拉雅区Abbottabad组Sirban段寒武纪小壳化石的首次发现及其地层学意义

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地层学杂志 2023年第3期47卷 339-352页

作者： Shehryar Ahmed 潘兵 Malik muhammad Saud Sajid Khan 李国祥 muhammad Qasim 罗翠孙晓娟朱茂炎中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室江苏南京210008 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心江苏南京210008 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学院北京100049 伊斯兰堡COMSATS大学(阿伯塔巴德校区)地球科学系巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德市22060

小壳化石是寒武系纽芬兰统年代地层划分和全球对比的主要生物地层学依据。长期以来,喜马拉雅西侧的巴基斯坦北部寒武纪早期小壳化石的发现较为零星,导致该地区埃迪卡拉纪与寒武纪过渡期地层序列的划分缺乏统一认识,相关地层时代归属十... 详细信息

小壳化石是寒武系纽芬兰统年代地层划分和全球对比的主要生物地层学依据。长期以来,喜马拉雅西侧的巴基斯坦北部寒武纪早期小壳化石的发现较为零星,导致该地区埃迪卡拉纪与寒武纪过渡期地层序列的划分缺乏统一认识,相关地层时代归属十分不清晰。在第二次青藏科考任务的支持下,作者对巴基斯坦北部隶属于小喜马拉雅区的Hazara盆地东部前寒武纪与寒武纪过渡期地层Hazara组、Kakul组、Abbottabad组和Hazira组开展详细研究,首次在Kalu-di-Bandi剖面Abbottabad组Sirban段顶部硅磷质白云岩中发现了寒武纪纽芬兰世幸运期小壳化石组合。该小壳化石组合属种相对丰富,含有Anabarites trisulcatus、Protohertzina anabarica、Conotheca subcurvata、Hexangulaconularia formosa、Olivooides multisulcatus、Maikhanella pristinis、Lopochites latazonalis、Siphogonuchites sp.及Spirellus columnaris等分子。上述属种组合面貌常见于华南、印度北部、克什米尔、伊朗、蒙古国及西伯利亚的寒武纪纽芬兰世幸运期地层中,其中***和***是这一化石组合带中的标准分子。因此,本文以***和***的共同出现为标志,将Sirban段顶部的小壳化石组合命名为Anabarites trisulcatusProtohertzina anabarica组合带,时代上归属为寒武纪纽芬兰世幸运期。该化石组合的发现表明,该地区存在寒武纪幸运期地层记录,寒武系底界应位于Abbottabad组Sirban段内某个层位(不过确切的界线位置仍需将来进一步的生物地层学和化学地层学工作进行校对),同时也修正了前人将该地区寒武系底界置于Hazira组与Abbottabad组界线处或Abbottabad组与Kakul组界线处的观点。对比研究发现,Sirban段中的化石组合分子与华南***组合带面貌非常相似,且共有一些特征属种,支持寒武纪纽芬兰世印度次大陆北部的喜马拉雅区与华南之间的生物群存在较强联系、古地理位置很可能较为靠近的观点。

关键词：小壳化石生物地层 Abbottabad组纽芬兰统巴基斯坦小喜马拉雅区

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DNA Fingerprinting of Essential Commercialized Medicinal Plants from Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 2119-2132页

作者： Waqar Ahmad Khushi muhammad Altaf Hussain Habib Ahmad Khalid Kahn Iqbal Ahmed Qarshi Kamran Iqbal Shinwari muhammad Shahid Nadeem Youxiong Que Ayaz Khan Javed Iqbal Department of Genetics Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan Qarshi University Lahore and Qarshi Industries Hattar Pakistan School of Biological Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Women University Swabi Pakistan

Development of fingerprints based on DNA markers is necessary for proper identification and standardization of plant species. These techniques are widely used to develop an unquestionable method of plant identification to protect the patents and quality control for industry. In this study, fifteen commercially important medicinal plants of Pakistan were collected from botanical garden of Qarshi Industries (Pvt.) Ltd, Pakistan. The objective was to optimize the extraction of genomic DNA for use in a PCR-based random amplified polymorphic DNA marker approach. The initial protocol used 60 decamers to amplify scorable amplicons;only nine markers produced significant bands in genomic DNA of medicinal plants. These markers generated 51 bands ranging between 250 and 1600 bp. The most important property of genomic markers is polymorphism to enable specific identification;all the used markers showed 100% polymorphism across 15 different plants. Further, six decamers amplified specific bands to reliably identify 8 species. The amplified bands were arranged in a binary matrix and analyzed by DNAMAN version 5.2.2 statistical software. A homology tree was constructed using binary data for nine markers, and four major clusters/clades were observed. The Rose, Mentha and Stevia accessions had shown clear clustering and grouped in major clusters/clads I, II and III respectively. Sixty decamers amplified 51 polymorphic loci in the genomes of 15 commercially valuable accessions. Moreover clear phylogenetic construction was observed in the generation of homolog tree. This protocol could therefore be useful to provide a baseline to authenticate, identify and perform phylogenetic analysis of important medicinal plants used in the Pakistani herbal medicine industry.

关键词： RAPD Decamers Medicinal Plants DNA Fingerprinting

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On the Sanskruti Index of Circumcoronene Series of Benzenoid

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第4期8卷 520-524页

作者： Yingying Gao Mohammad Reza Farahani muhammad Shoaib Sardar Sohail Zafar Colleage of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China Department of Applied Mathematics of Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Narmak Tehran Iran Department of Mathematics University of Management and Technology (UMT) Lahore Pakistan

Let G = (V;E) be a simple connected graph. The sets of vertices and edges of G are denoted by V = V(G) and E = E(G), respectively. In such a simple molecular graph, vertices represent atoms and edges represent bonds. The Sanskruti index S(G) is a topological index was defined as where Su is the summation of degrees of all neighbors of vertex u in G. The goal of this paper is to compute the Sanskruti index for circumcoronene series of benzenoid.

关键词： Sanskruti Index Molecular Graph Circumcoronene Series of Benzenoid

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Antimicrobial chemical constituents from endophytic fungus Phoma sp.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第9期7卷 699-702页

作者： Hidayat Hussain Ines Kock Ahmed Al-Harrasi Ahmed Al-Rawahi Ghulam Abbas Ivan R.Green Afzal Shah Amin Badshah muhammad Saleem Siegfried Draeger Barbara Schulz Karsten Krohn Department of Chemistry University of PaderbornWarburger Strasse 10033098 PaderbornGermany UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products University of NizwaP.O Box 33Postal Code 616Birkat Al MauzNizwaSultanate of Oman Department of Chemistry CUTAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad-22060Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of StellenboschP/Bag X1 Matieland 7602South Africa Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Department of Chemistry The Islamia University of BahawalpurBaghdad Campus-ul-JadidBahawalpurPakistan Institute of Microbiology University of BraunschweigSpielmannstraβe 738106 BraunschweigGermany

Objective:To evaluate the antiniicrobial polenlial of different extracts of the endophytic fungus Phoma *** the tentative identification of their active ***:The extract and compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity using the Agar Well Diffusion *** compounds were purified using column chromatography and tlieir structures were assigned using～1H and～(13)C NMR spectra,DEPT,2D COSY,HMQC and HMBC ***:The ethyl acetate fraction of Phoma *** good antifungal,antibacterial,and algicidal *** new dihydrofuran derivative,named phomafuranol(1),together with tliree known compounds,phomalacton(2),(3R)-5-hydroxymellein(3)and emodin(4)were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Phoma *** studies indicated that phomalacton(2)displayed strong antibacterial,good antifungal and antialgal ***(3R)-5-hydroxymellein(3)and emodin(4)showed good antifungal,antibacterial and algicidal ***:Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of the endophytic fungus Phoma *** isolated compounds clearly demonstrate that Phoma *** its active compounds represent a great potential for the food,cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

关键词： Natural product Endrophytic fungi Phoma sp

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