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Water Quality Assessment of the River Nile System:An Overview

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第1期17卷 87-100页

作者： rifaat a.wahaab MOHAMED I.BADAWY National Research Center DokkiCairoEgyptNational Research CenterDokkiCairoEgypt

Objectives The main objective of the present article is to assess and evaluate the characteristics of the Nile water system , and identify the major sources of pollution and its environmental and health consequences. The article is also aimed to highlight the importance of water management via re-use and recycle of treated effluents for industrial purpose and for cultivation of desert land. Method An intensive effort was made by the authors to collect, assess and compile the available data about the River Nile. Physico-chemical analyses were conducted to check the validity of the collected data. For the determination of micro-pollutants, Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used. Heavy metals were also determined to investigate the level of industrial pollution in the river system. Results The available data revealed that the river receives a large quantity of industrial, agriculture and domestic wastewater. It is worth mentioning that the river is still able to recover in virtually all the locations, with very little exception. This is due to the high dilution ratio. The collected data confirmed the presence of high concentrations of chromium and manganese in all sediment samples. The residues of organo-chlorine insecticides were detected in virtually all locations. However, the levels of such residues are usually below the limit set by the WHO for use as drinking water. The most polluted lakes are Lake Maryut and Lake Manzala. Groundwater pollution is closely related to adjacent (polluted) surface waters. High concentrations of nutrients, ***, sulfur, heavy metals, etc. have been observed in the shallow groundwater, largely surpassing WHO standards for drinking water use. Conclusion A regular and continuous monitoring scheme shall be developed for the River Nile system. The environmental law shall be enforced to prohibit the discharge of wastewater (agricultural, domestic or industrial) to River Nile system.

关键词： Water quality River Nile Lakes Pollution sources Assessment

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Upgrading of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Units at Automobile Industry

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2000年第3期13卷 219-224页

作者： rifaat ABDEL wahaab National Research Center 埃及 Cairo

INTRODUCTIONIndustrial wastewater is one of the major sources of water pollution in *** principal hazard to public health caused by industrial wastes is pollution with toxic materials, which may enter a municipal water supply or may be harmful to people using the stream for recreational *** wastes can damage aquatic life, sewer fabric and interfere with the operation of treatment ***, persistent untreated pollutants passing through these systems may contaminate receiving water bodies and increase the cost and environmental risks of sludge treatment and disposal.

关键词： Upgrading of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Units at Automobile Industry

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Integrated Low-cost Wastewater Treatment for Reuse in Irrigation

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2000年第1期13卷 37-43页

作者： F.A.EL-GOHARY F.A.NASR R.a.wahaab Water Pollution Control Dept. National Research CentreTahreer St.DokkiCairoEgypt

For sustainable wastewater management in developing countries, the implementation of low\|cost, simple treatment systems should be encouraged. In this study, the performance of three treatment schemes was evaluated. The first step in all schemes was upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The post treatment was either Algal Pond (AP). Lemna Pond (LP) or Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC). The results show that the performance of the UASB was satisfactory. Mean COD and BOD removal values were 78% and 85% respectively. The combination of UASB with an AP achieved significant improvement in the microbiological quality of the effluent. The geometric mean of fecal coliform in the effluent was 1.3×10 3 MPN/100ml. Residual COD was 143 mg O\-2/L. This relatively high value was due to the presence of algae in the AP effluent. The use of the LP as a post treatment achieved better quality effluent. As indicated by the physico\|chemical characteristics. However, fecal coliform removal was less by one log as compared to the AP effluent. When the RBC was used as a second stage. COD and BOD removal rates were 47% and 66% respectively. Also complete nitrification took place. Fecal coliform density declined by 5 logs.

关键词： Water Supply Agriculture Algae Developing Countries Enterobacteriaceae Humans Sewage Waste Disposal, Fluid Water Pollutants, Chemical

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Comparative efficacy of marine Streptomyces formulation versus ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution for treating Staphylococcus aureus-induced conjunctivitis in animal model

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第3期4卷 203-206页

作者： Femina.wahaab Kalidass Subramaniam Morris Jawahar Department of Biotechnology School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesKarunya UniversityCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To report the efficacy of marine actinomycetes in controlling Staphylococcus aureus(***)-induced conjunctivitis in experimental ***:The ethyl acetate extracts of the best isolates of actinomycetes from the soil samples of Rameswaram coastal regions,Tamil Nadu,India,were concentrated and re-constituted in buffer and used as actinomycetes ophthalmic suspension in this *** anti-inflammatory efficacy of actinomycetes ophthalmic suspension was analysed in controlling *** conjunctivitis in rabbit in comparison with that of ***:Among the four best isolates,the RAM25C4 isolate had the highest antimicrobial activity in the secondary *** life studies indicated that the activity can be retained for 75 days when it was stored at 8℃and the optimum temperature for storage was between–20℃and 30℃.The animal model studies indicated that there was a profound anti-conjunctivitis *** actinomycetes ophthalmic suspension had better activity than ciprofloxacin ophthalmic ***:This is the first time to report that Streptomyces bacillaris strain RAM25C4 has antimicrobial effect in controlling ophthalmic pathogen *** under in vitro condition and the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in controlling ***-induced conjunctivitis.

关键词： Conjunctivitis Staphylococcus aureus Streptomyces Antibacterial activity Ciprofloxacin

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Reconstruction of composite defects of the nose following tumor resection–a single author's experience and evaluation of the outcome

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013年第9期12卷 427-434页

作者： Mohammed Ahmed rifaat Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgical Oncology The National Cancer Institute Cairo University

Objective:The aim of the study was to present our experience in reconstruction of complex defects of the ***:Fourteen patients presenting with large composite defects of the nose were anatomically reconstructed after full tumor clearance of a skin *** aesthetic outcome was assessed subjectively and objectively while the functional outcome was only assessed subjectively in 13 ***:Basal cell carcinoma(BCC),represented the tumor excised in 10 patients while the remaining 4 patients suffered from squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).One patient died of extensive local recurrence of SCC after 6 *** commonest flap used for inner lining was the septal flap while the forehead paramedian flap provided the external coverage for the majority of *** flaps survived completely except in one patient who developed distal paramedian forehead flap *** patients developed multiple abscesses and sinuses discharging parts of cartilage grafts through the flaps’skin with one patient suffering from total extrusion of the costal cartilage *** other patients suffered from severe nostril *** patients had variable degree of difficulty in airway passage,while most patients were satisfied with the total nasal *** objective assessment of the overall appearance of the nose scored less than the subjective ***:Reconstruction of complex nasal defects has a high learning *** flaps are usually of limited size and nostril asymmetry is likely to *** or regional skin flaps if available are still considered a good choice for inner as well as outer lining.

关键词： reconstruction complex defects nose outcome

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Biochemical Changes in Chronic Renal Failure Pre and Post Hemodialysis

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2016年第4期5卷 190-195页

作者： Entedhar rifaat Sarhat Nawal Abdullah Murtadha Department of Basic Science Dentistry College University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq Department of Basic science Dentistry College University of Kirkul~ Kirkuk Iraq

The aim of the study was to evaluate Paraoxonase-I （PON-1）, resistin and bone mineral markers （Parathyroid Hormone （PTH）, Ca＋＋ and P） levels as biochemical marker for patients with Chronicrenal Failure （CRF）. The sample of this study consists of 100 patients and 100 apparently healthy individuals. All patients were those who were receiving Hemodialysis （HD） therapy in the dialysis unit in Kirkuk general. The levels of PON-1, Ca＋＋ were significantly lower in CRF patients pre HD when compared with healthy controls, and significantly increased in post HD as compared to pre HD, but still lower than normal controls. Serum P, resistin and PTH levels were significantly higher in CRF patients pre HD process when compared with healthy controls, and their levels were significantly decreased after HD as compared to pre HD, but remained higher than controls. PON-1 was negatively correlated with the resistin, Blood Urea （BU）, Creatinine （Cr）, PTH, but positively correlated with Ca＋＋. PON-I activity was significantly decreased in CRF patients before HD and increased after HD, but remained lower than controls. PON-1 was negatively correlated with the Body Max Index （MBI）, resistin, BU, Cr, PTH, but significantly and positively correlated with Ca＋＋.

关键词： CRF HD PON-1 resistin.

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Genetic analysis of four consanguineous multiplex families with inflammatory bowel disease

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第6期9卷 521-532页

作者： Noam Ben-Yosef Matthew Frampton Elena RSchiff Saleh Daher Fadi Abu Baker rifaat Safadi Eran Israeli Anthony W.Segal Adam P.Levine Centre for Molecular Medicine Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver disease Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael Institute of Ophthalmology Moorfields Eye HospitalUniversity College LondonLondonUK Institue of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver disease E.Wolfson Medical CenterHolonIsrael Department of Pathology University College LondonLondonUK

Background:Family studies support a genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),but known genetic variants only partially explain the disease *** withmultiple affected individuals potentially harbour rare and highimpact causal *** regions of homozygosity due to recent inbreedingmay increase the risk of individuals bearing homozygous loss-of-function *** study aimed to identify rare and homozygous genetic variants contributing to ***:Four families with known consanguinity and multiple cases of IBD were *** a family-specific analysis,we utilised homozygosity mapping complemented by whole-exome ***:We detected a single region of homozygosity shared by Crohn’s disease cases from a family of Druze ancestry,spanning 2.6Mb containing the NOD2 ***-exome sequencing did not identify any potentially damaging variants within the region,suggesting that non-coding variation may be *** addition,affected individuals in the families harboured several rare and potentially damaging homozygous variants in genes with a role in autophagy and innate immunity including LRRK1,WHAMM,DENND3,and ***:This study examined the potential contribution of rare,high-impact homozygous variants in consanguineous families with *** the analysis was not designed to achieve statistical significance,our findings highlight genes or loci that warrant further ***-coding variants affecting NOD2 may be of importance in Druze patients with Crohn’s disease.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease family study genetics homozygosity

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Electronic Structure of some A3 Adenosine-Receptor Antagonist——A Structure Activity Relationship

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2011年第1期1卷 26-33页

作者： rifaat Hilal M. F Shibl Moteaa El-Deftar Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

DFT quantum chemical computations have been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) level. Full geometry optimization has been performed and equilibrium geometries for a new series of phenyl thiazoles have been located. Ground state electronic properties, charge density distributions, dipole moments and its components have been calculated and reported. Effect of substituents on the geometry and on the polarization of the studied series of compounds are analyzed and discussed. Some structural features have been pinpointed to underline the affinity and selectivity of the studied compounds as adenosine A3-receptor antagonists. Results of the present work indicate that activity towards A3 receptor sites is directly correlated with both of the polarity and the co-planarity of the thiazole.

关键词： DFT/B3LYB Thiazoles Substituent Effect A3-Receptors Adenosine-Receptor Antagonist

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Management and Clinico-Pathologic Aspects of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck: A Retrospective Institutional Based Study at the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2019年第10期10卷 846-862页

作者： Ihab Samy Fayek Mohammed Ahmed rifaat Dalia Bilal Mohammed Surgical Oncology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Egypt Epidemiology and Statistics Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Egypt.

Background: Reviewing and analyzing the Clinico-pathologic aspects of non-melanoma skin cancer of the head and neck (NMSCHN), type of management, prognostic factors, and disease-free survival (DFS) in a period of 5 years at the National Cancer Institute—Cairo University—Egypt. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of two hundred patients with NMSCHN was treated at the National Cancer Institute—Cairo University—Egypt from January 2008 to December 2012. The mean follow-up was 6 months (1 - 84 months). Results: 117 males and 83 females with 90% ≥ 50 years old. The scalp (27.5%), the periorbital region (13%), the cheek (12.5%) and the nose (12.5%) are the main anatomical sites affected. BCC represented 71.5% with nodular type (79%) predominance;SCC represented 21% with GII (61.1%) the commonest grade. Surgery was the main modality of treatment (93%) with local flaps only (63.9%) and primary closure (14.7%) were the main surgical options following wide local excision. Positive and close margins were detected in 23.5% of excised specimens. No significant association was found between disease-free survival (DFS) and pathology, treatment modality, the occurrence of complications or safety margin status. Conclusion: NMSCHN lesions should be surgically excised in specialized high volume centers with readily available peripheral margin control and should be operated by senior experienced surgeons.

关键词： Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

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NK cell checkpoints and immune therapy in fatty liver disease

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2018年第S1期15卷 19-19页

作者： rifaat SAFADI Liver Unit Hadassah Medical OrganizationHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NAFLD and NASH,respectively)are becoming a global epidemic manifested by metabolic syndrome,hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis,as well as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Natural killer(NK)cells play an important role in the natural history of the disease as anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor *** cells directly kill activated myofibroblasts to prevent fibrosis ***,NK cell functional impairment develops along with insulin resistance and deterioration to cirrhosis and *** checkpoints have been identified that affect NK cell function and *** resistance has been directly identified within NK cells,as they decrease expression of insulin *** normal NK cell activation by insulin is therefore ***,Nerologin-4(NLG4)is overexpressed in impaired NK cells from NAFLD donors with advanced ***4 overexpression impairs NK cell function and contributes to fibrosis *** NK cell depletion of mT OR,NMDAR activation by liver environmental enrich agonists up-regulates NLG4 ***4 causes a downstream cascade of intracellular scaffolding proteins to depress the killing function via f-actin *** neuroxin is a defined ligand for NLG4 and is found in target cells including activated fibrotic myofibroblasts and HCC *** overexpression further enhanced the NLG4 effect to impair NK cell *** NK cells immune checkpoints have been *** metabolic checkpoints activate NK cells to reconstitute their killing effects as anti-fibrotic or ***,NLG4 NK expression and an occult urea assay with myofibroblasts has been identified as a biomarker tool in fibrogenesis.

关键词： NK cell checkpoints

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