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Episodes 2008年第4期31卷 429-432页

作者： Sweet, Walter c. cooper, barry J. School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Primary Industries and Resources South Australia Adelaide SA 5001 GPO Box 1671 Australia

It is rare in the annals of science for a single publication to provide a definitive introduction to a previously unknown group of animals. Yet this was the case with the monograph that included the initial descriptions of an important, extinct group of fossil animals： the conodonts. The publication, by christian Heinrich Pander, appeared in St Petersburg in 1856. The volume of ninety-one pages, written in German and accompanied by seven beautifully executed plates, was issued by the Imperial Academy of Sciences as part of a series entitled Geognostische Beschreibung der Russisch-Baltischen Gouvernements.

关键词：动物科学动物化石牙形石科学研究

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–The University of British columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science core collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P Gc-1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon c.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

THE EFFEcT OF BORON AND cARBON ADDITION ON WELDABILITY OF DS TMS-75 SUPERALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第1期18卷 24-32页

作者： M.c. chaturvedi N.L. richards Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 5V6 CanadaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 5V6 Canada

Four alloys TMS-75 (Base), Base+B, Base+c and TMD-103 (Base+B+c) with varying levels of B, c were directionally solidified (DS), and their weldability was investigated by bead-on-plate electron beam welding. It was found that cracking occurred in the weld-metal, as well as in the heat affected zone (HAZ). Both γ/γ' and/or γ/carbide eutectic contributed to the weld-metal cracking, and the γ/γ' eutectic was found to be mainly responsible for cracking in HAZ. However, constitutional liquation of carbides seems to have made some contribution also. The B addition had a detrimental effect on HAZ cracking susceptibility, while c addition improved it appreciably even in the presence of B. In addition, no obvious differences were observed in cracking susceptibility of weld-metal in the four alloys. The cracking modes and mechanisms underlying the effect of B and c addition on weldability could be explained on the basis of microstructures of the four alloys.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy low melting point constituents liquation cracking

Ionic liquid electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries to control thermal runaway

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 321-338,I0008页

作者： Keith Sirengo Aswathy Babu barry Brennan Suresh c.Pillai Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group Department of Environmental ScienceAtlantic Technological UniversityATU SligoAsh LaneSligo F91 YW50Ireland Health and Biomedical(HEAL)Strategic Research centre Atlantic Technological UniversityATU SligoAsh LaneSligo F91 YW50Ireland

Sodium-ion batteries are expected to be more affordable for stationary applications than lithium-ion batteries,while still offering sufficient energy density and operational capacity to power a significant segment of the battery *** this,thermal runaway explosions associated with organic electrolytes have led to concerns regarding the safety of sodium-ion *** electrolytes,ionic liquids are promising because they have negligible vapor pressure and show high thermal and electrochemical *** review discusses the safety contributions of these electrolyte properties for high-temperature *** ionic liquids provide thermal stability while at the same time promoting high-voltage window battery ***,apart from cycle stability,there is an additional safety feature attributed to modified ultra-concentrated ionic liquid *** these contributions,the following have been discussed,heat sources and thermal runaway mechanisms,thermal stability,the electrochemical decomposition mechanism of stable cations,and the ionic transport mechanism of ultra-concentrated ionic liquid *** addition,the contributions of hybrid electrolyte systems consisting of ionic liquids with either organic carbonate or polymers are also *** thermal stability of ionic liquids is found to be the main contributor to cell safety and cycle *** high-temperature applications where electrolyte safety,capacity,and cycle stability are important,highly concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte systems are potential solutions for sodium-ion battery applications.

关键词： Thermal stability Ionic liquids Sodium-ion batteries cycle stability Ionic conductivity

Topological quantum walks:Theory and experiments

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Frontiers of physics 2019年第6期14卷 3-8页

作者： Jizhou Wu Wei-Wei Zhang barry c·Sanders Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaShanghai 201315China cAS center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China centre for Engineered Quantum Systems School of PhysicsThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada

Inspired by recent breakthroughs with topological quantum materials,which pave the way to novel,high-efficiency,low-energy magnetoelectric devices[1-3]and fault-tolerant quantum information processing[4],inter alia,topological quantum walks have emerged as an exciting topic in its own right,especially due to the theoretical and experimental simplifications this approach offers[5-14].Motivated by impressive progress in topological quantum walks,we provide a perspective on theoretical studies and experimental investigations of topological quantum walks focusing on current explorations of topological properties arising for single-walker quantum walks.

关键词： quantum topological walk

Economic Markets and Higher Education:Ethical Issues in the United States and china

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Frontiers of Education in china 2014年第1期9卷 63-88页

作者： barry c.KEENAN Department of History Denison UniversityGranvilleOH 43023USA

Educational values in both the United States and in china have suffered from the social and political reach of economic markets in each *** models for counteracting the marketization of values in higher education can however be found in each country’s past educational ***,the developmental values inherent in small liberal arts college teaching dovetail easily with the personal developmental benefits in the pedagogy of classical confucian academies,as both center on the validation of the process by which students learn for themselves.

关键词： higher education ethics economic markets

Observation of dark edge states in parity-time-symmetric quantum dynamics

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 156-165页

作者： Peng Xue Xingze Qiu Kunkun Wang barry c. Sanders Wei Yi Beijing computational Science Research center Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Chinese Academy of Sciences Synergetic Innovation center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Chinese Academy of Sciences 4. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Anhui University Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research

Topological edge states arise in non-Hermitian parity-time(PT)-symmetric systems, and manifest themselves as bright or dark edge states, depending on the imaginary components of their eigenenergies. As the spatial probabilities of dark edge states are suppressed during the non-unitary dynamics, it is a challenge to observe them experimentally. Here we report the experimental detection of dark edge states in photonic quantum walks with spontaneously broken PT symmetry, thus providing a complete description of the topological phenomena therein. We experimentally confirm that the global Berry phase in PT-symmetric quantum-walk dynamics unambiguously defines topological invariants of the system in both the PT-symmetry-unbroken and-broken regimes. Our results establish a unified framework for characterizing topology in PT-symmetric quantum-walk dynamics, and provide a useful method to observe topological phenomena in PT-symmetric non-Hermitian systems in general.

关键词： parity-time symmetry photonic quantum walks dark edge states topological invariants