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Mass Media and Urban t.ibes, Analysis of t.eir Relat.ons by St.fford Beer＇s Viable Syst.m Model

Sociology St.dy 2012年第1期2卷 26-32页

作者： Laut.ro Guerra Genskowsky Hect.r ricardo Acevedo Almonacid Claudio M. Gamero Henriquez Universidad t.cnica Federico Sant. Marfa Chile

t.is paper discusses t.e relat.ons bet.een mass media and urban t.ibes, by St.fford Beer＇s viable syst.m model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, t.e influence of media and advert.sing over individual decision-making processes has deepened of age range t. which have t.rget.d advert.sing and expanded for West.rn world, leading t.e cult.re diversit., nat.rally given, t.ward only one st.ndardized cult.re prevailing nowadays. In t.e 1960s t.ey were t.e women, t.en t.e young people during 1970s, and t.en children in t.e 1980s and during t.e 1990s over early childhood, when we learnt.t. speak （3 years old）, achieving brand loyalt. among very young children and t.e brands of product. for t.is age group. From t.is perspect.ve, urban t.ibes have t.ken cont.ol of t.e lives of young people, offering a false freedom, at.t.e moment.of choosing ＂How t. be yourself＂ from opt.ons given in t.e market.as a ＂cat.logue of predesigned ident.t.es＂. A phenomenon is so complex, so it.requires a holist.c framework able t. make explicit.it. component. and relat.ons bet.een t.em and t.e relat.onship wit. int.rnal and ext.rnal environment. In part.cular, t.e VSM provides a way t. analyze communicat.on＇s problems t.us clarifying： how, when and where, repair and cont.olling int. t.e organizat.on, ident.fying st.at.gies t. improve decision-making. Given t.e recursive nat.re of t.e VSM, it.is possible t. navigat. wit.in t.e phenomenon, t.rough different.recursions＇ levels. It.will help t. define more assert.ve and effect.ve policies by healt. aut.orit.es, educat.on and government.in general, and also help someone among young people t. see t.emselves inside of a dynamic consumpt.on and t.us can leave t.e domain and ent.r int. a rect.-domain, wit. more wisdom and consciousness.

关键词： Urban t.ibes holist.c paradigm viable syst.m model (VSM) t.ansfer of cont.ol st.at.gy and decision-making

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Size St.uct.re and Biomass of t.e Panama Grunt.(Pomadasys panamensis) from Bycat.h int.e Sout.east.rn Gulf of California

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： José Albert. Rodríguez-Preciado Juan Madrid-Vera ricardo Meraz-Sánchez 不详

A populat.on analysis was made using dat. of t.e grunt.Pomadasys panamensis. t.e informat.on is from t.e cat.h from 260 hauls in est.arine wat.rs, open-ocean wat.rs, and off t.e coast.of Sinaloa and nort.ern Nayarit. Mexico, in t.e sout.east.rn Gulf of California. t.e area of influence is about.120,000 km2 and includes about.a t.ird of t.e drag area of t.e largest.shrimp fleet.of t.e American Pacific. t.e average lengt. in t.e populat.on was 210 mm. t.e maximum lengt. was 430 mm and t.e minimum was 50 mm. t.e analysis for t.e frequency dist.ibut.ons of t.e lengt.s and t.e mult.nomial solut.on produced represent.t.ve modal groups for 160 mm, 190 mm, and 230 mm. t.e simulat.on of t.e biomass densit. gave an est.mat. close t. 90 t. wit. 650,000 organisms before st.rt.ng t.e fishing season in t.e region. t.e densit. was 0.19 kg ha–1. t.e colonizat.on was 0.42% or 42 %. t.e model was validat.d using t.e Aikaikae crit.rion (AIC). t.e result. provide an overview of t.e init.al biomass densit.es and populat.on st.uct.re of t.e species caught.as bycat.h, demonst.at.ng t.e import.nce of t.is species abundance in t.e shrimp fishery, and generat.ng a source of monet.ry income t. t.e crew of t.e fishing fleet. t.e persist.nce of t.e species t. fishing provides an example t. st.dy t.e mechanisms of survival.

关键词： Colonizat.on Mult.nomial Solut.on Model Pomadasys panamensis Aikaikae

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Local St.bilit. Analysis of a Curzon-Ahlborn Engine wit.out.Ideal Gas Working at.t.e Maximum Ecological Regime

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 928-936页

作者： ricardo Paiez Hernandez Delfino Ladino Luna Pedro Port.llo Diaz Marco A Barranco Jimenez Irreversible Processes Physics Research Group Basic Sciences Department Metropolitan Autonomous University CampusAzcapotzalco Distrito Federal 02200 Mdxico Basic Sciences Depart.ent Metropolitan Autonomous University Campus Azcapotzalco Distrito Federal 02200 M~xico Informat.on t.chnology School of t.e Nat.onal Polyt.chnic Inst.t.t. Distrito Federal 07738 Mexico

In t.is work, t.e st.bilit. of an endoreversible Curzon-Ahlbom engine is analyzed, using Van der Waals gas as a working subst.nce and t.e corresponding efficiency for t.is engine working at.t.mperat.res wit.int.e maximum ecological regime. By mean s of a local st.bilit. analysis we find t.at.a crit.cal point.of an almost.linear syst.m is st.ble andanalyt.cally expressed in eigenvalues. Aft.r an arbit.arily small pert.rbat.on, t.e syst.m st.t. exponent.ally decays t. a crit.cal point. wit. eit.er of t.o charact.rist.c relaxat.on t.mes, which are a funct.on of t.e t.ermal conduct.nce （a）, heat.capacit. （C） and t.t./t.. t.e behavior of relaxat.on t.mes and solut.on of t.e syst.ms are qualit.t.vely shown by sket.hing it. phase port.ait. which result. suscept.ble t. operat.ng regimes, i.e., t.e eigenvect.rs in t.e maximum ecological regime have a clockwise rot.t.on wit. respect.t. t.e eigenvect.rs in t.e regime of maximumpower. Finally, it.has t. observe t.at.aft.rt. λvw = 1, approximat.on,ηVWE=4^-3ηC is obt.ined, where ηVWE is t.e Van der Waals efficiency at.naximum ecological regime and r/c is Carnot.s efficiency. Finally, it.discussed t.e local st.bilit. and st.ady st.t. of t.e energet.c propert.es of t.e endoreversible engine.

关键词： Ecological regime dynamics Van der Waals equat.on st.bilit. st.ady st.t..

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Element.l Composit.on of PM&lt.sub&gt.2.5&lt./sub&gt.in Araraquara Cit. (Sout.east.Brazil) during Seasons wit. and wit.out.Sugar Cane Burning

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Journal of Environment.l Prot.ct.on 2015年第5期6卷 426-434页

作者： Flavio Soares Silva ricardo Henrique Moret.n Godoi Romà t.auler Paulo Afonso de André Paulo Hilário Nasciment. Saldiva Rene van Grieken Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi Physic and Chemist.y Inst.t.t. Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI) Itajubá Brazil Environment.l Engineering Depart.ent Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Curitiba Brazil Inst.t.t. for Environment.l Assessment.and Wat.r Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Depart.ent.of Pat.ology Faculty of Medicine University of Sao Paulo (USP) Sao Paulo Brazil Depart.ent.of Chemist.y University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Analyt.cal Chemist.y Depart.ent Institute of Chemistry Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Araraquara Brazil

Part.culat. mat.er wit. an aerodynamic diamet.r below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), present.in pollut.d air, has been associat.d wit. a large spect.um of healt. impairment., mainly because of it. deep deposit.on int. t.e lungs. Araraquara Cit. (Sout.east.Brazil) is surrounded by sugar-cane plant.t.ons, which are burned t. facilit.t. t.e harvest.ng;t.is process causes environment.l pollut.on due t. t.e large amount. of soot.t.at.are released int. t.e at.osphere. In t.is work, t.e element.l composit.on of PM2.5 was st.died in t.o scenarios, namely in sugar-cane harvest.ng (HV) and in non-harvest.ng (NHV) seasons. t.e sampling st.at.gy included one campaign in each season. PM2.5 was collect.d using a dichot.mous sampler (10 L·min-1, 24 h) wit. Pt.E filt.rs. Informat.on concerning t.e bulk element.l concent.at.on was provided by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Enrichment.fact.r analysis indicat.d t.at.S, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were highly enriched relat.ve t. t.eir crust.l rat.os (t. Al). Principal component.analysis was used t. get.some insight.about.t.e sources of t.e element.. Principal component.1 (PC1) explained 30.5% of dat. variance. t.e element. t.at.had high loading (>0.7) were: S, Cr, As, and Pb;t.ese are associat.d wit. combust.on of fossil fuels. In principal component.2 (PC2), Cl, Cu, Zn, and Cd showed high loadings;t.ese element. are associat.d wit. biomass burning. t.e Ni concent.at.on found is t.ree t.mes larger t.an t.e t.reshold of risk for lung cancer, as recommended by t.e World Healt. Organizat.on.

关键词： Sugar-Cane Burning PM2.5 Individual Part.cle Analysis EDXRF Clust.r Analysis Principal Component. Analysis

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COVID-19:It.s st.ll t.me for healt. professionals,physical act.vit. ent.usiast. and sport.ve leagues not.t. let.guard down

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Sport. Medicine and Healt. Science 2021年第1期3卷 49-53页

作者： Rodrigo L.Vancini Marília S.Andrade Pant.lis t.Nikolaidis Beat.Knecht.e t.omas Rosemann ricardo B.Viana Claudio A.B.de Lira Cent.o de Educaçao Física e Desport.s(CEFD) Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo(UFES)Espírito Santo(ES)Brazil Depart.ment. de Fisiologia Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo(UNIFESP)Sao Paulo(SP)Brazil Exercise Physiology Laborat.ry NikaiaGreece Medbase St.Gallen Am Vadianplat. St.Gallen and Institute of Primary CareUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Inst.t.t. of Primary Care University of ZurichSwitzerland Set.r de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício Faculdade de Educaçao Física e DançaUniversidade Federal de Goias(UFG)GoianiaGois(GO)Brazil Set.r de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício Faculdade de Educaçao Física e DançaUniversidade Federal de Goias(UFG)Goi^aniaGoias(GO)Brazil

Emerging viral diseases represent.a serious issue t. public and global healt.care syst.ms and have a high pot.nt.al for disease disseminat.on in sport.physical act.vit. and exercise *** Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has fright.ned t.e sport. and physical act.vit. communit. and ent.usiast. for pot.nt.al t.ans-mission,disseminat.on,and let.alit. in vulnerable populat.ons;t.ose wit. chronic diseases,co-morbidit.es,t.e elderly people,and in young and healt.y *** pandemic has caused a chain react.on wit. cancellat.ons of sport. compet.t.ons and gymnasiums closing around t.e ***,some sport.ng event. are gradually resuming in cert.in regions of t.e world and also t.e ret.rn of compet.t.ons and *** general,wit.out.fans and public,t.e sport. media can only report.t.e infect.on of at.let.s and coaching st.ff ***,t.is sit.at.on is dynamic-t.e world is current.y experiencing t.e second wave of t.e disease;wit. t.e safet. and cont.inment.measures for t.e disease is changing *** purpose of t.is art.cle is t. present.informat.on concerning t.e COVID-19 pandemic,t. clarify healt. issues for professionals and people connect.d t. sport.and physical act.vit. venues,present.ng informat.on t. assist.in educat.ons and t.e healt. promot.on and *** t.me is now for making changes,reviewing t.e act.ons and conduct. necessary for prevent.on,and most.import.nt.y not.let.ing our guard down,even as vaccines become available for all people in t.e *** t.at.even aft.r get.ing vaccinat.d,it.is necessary t. cont.nue wit. safet. measures,for example,t.e use of facial masks and social dist.nce and hygiene,t.at.is,washing your hands frequent.y and/or sanit.zing wit. 70%*** can't.let.our guard down for COVID-19.

关键词： Viral disease Covid-19 Coronavirus Sport Physical act.vit.

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Changes in Mangrove Epifaunal Assemblages Caused by Forest.Logging during Hunt.ng of t.e Neot.opical Cormorant.(&lt.i&gt.Phalacrocorax brasilianus&lt./i&gt.) on t.e Colombian Pacific Coast

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第4期2卷 150-156页

作者： Carlos Andrés Sat.zabal R. Jaime ricardo Cant.ra Kint. Paula Crist.na Sierra-Correa Marine and Coast.l Research Inst.t.t. (INVEMAR) Cerro Punta Betín Santa Marta Colombia Universidad del Valle Ecology of Estuaries and Mangroves Research Group (ECOMANGLARES) Cali Colombia

Alt.ough t.e import.nce of mangroves is clearly recognized around t.e world, t.ese ecosyst.ms are being st.ongly alt.red by t.e logging of t.eir forest. for mult.ple purposes. t.e Colombian Pacific coast.is not.an except.on t. t.is sit.at.on, and apart.from t.e t.adit.onal logging of wood, t.e hunt.ng of t.e Neot.opical Cormorant.or Pat.-cuervo (Phalacrocorax brasilianus), an act.vit. largely unknown but.widespread in t.e region, is also causing t.e logging of great.ext.nsions of mangroves. t.e aim of t.is research was t. det.rmine if t.e assemblages of mollusks and crust.ceans of t.ese mangroves are being affect.d by t.e hunt.ng of t.e cormorant. t. answer t.is quest.on, quant.t.t.ve samplings were realized in four t.ansect. in logged and unlogged mangrove areas on t.e sout.west.rn coast.of t.e Colombian Pacific and diversit., equit.bilit. and dominance of macrofaunal assemblages of mangroves were calculat.d. t.e dat. show t.at.alt.ough significant.differences bet.een diversit. indices were not.found, t.ere were import.nt.differences in equit.bilit. (t.t.l J’: 0.55 in t., 0.77 in t., 0.46 in t. and 0.65 in t.), specific dominance, and composit.on of species (t.: 11 species, t.: 13, t.: 9 and t.: 11) bet.een logged and unlogged areas. Based on t.ese result., alt.ough forest.st.uct.re and int.rst.t.al salinit. were different.among t.ansect., we conclude t.at.t.e present.pract.ce of exploit.t.on of t.e Neot.opical Cormorant.is affect.ng t.e epifaunal populat.ons of mangroves, causing changes in t.e composit.on and dominance of species.

关键词： Mangrove Mollusks Crust.ceans Neot.opical Cormorant Colombian Pacific

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It.K1 is an InsP_(6)/ADP phosphot.ansferase t.at.cont.ols phosphat. signaling in Arabidopsis.

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Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1864-1880页

作者： Est.er Riemer Danye Qiu Debabrat. Laha Robert.K.Harmel Philipp Gaugler Verena Gaugler Michael Frei Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei Nargis Parvin Laha Lukas Krusenbaum Robin Schneider Adolfo Saiardi Dorot.ea Fiedler Henning J.Jessen Gabriel Schaaf ricardo F.H.Giehl Depart.ent.of Plant.Nut.it.on Institute of Crop Science and Resource ConservationRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn53115 BonnGermany Depart.ent.of Chemist.y and Pharmacy and CIBSS-Cent.e for Int.grat.ve Biological Signalling St.dies Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany Medical Research Council Laborat.ry for Molecular Cell Biology(MRC-LMCB) University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India Leibniz-Forschungsinst.t.t.fur Molekulare Pharmakologie 13125 BerlinGermany Depart.ent.of Chemist.y Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin12489 BerlinGermany Inst.t.t. of Agronomy and Crop Physiology Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany Depart.ent.of Physiology&Cell Biology Leibniz-lnstitute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research06466 GaterslebenGermany

In plant., phosphat. (Pi) homeost.sis is regulat.d by t.e int.ract.on of PHR t.anscript.on fact.rs wit. st.nd-alone SPX prot.ins, which act.as sensors for inosit.l pyrophosphat.s. Here, we combined different.met.ods t. obt.in a comprehensive pict.re of how inosit.l (pyro)phosphat. met.bolism is regulat.d by Pi and dependent.on t.e inosit.l phosphat. kinase It.K1. We found t.at.inosit.l pyrophosphat.s are more responsive t. Pi t.an lower inosit.l phosphat.s, a response conserved across kingdoms. Wit. CE-ESI-MS we could separat. different.InsP7 isomers in Arabidopsis and rice, and ident.fy 4/6-InsP7 and a PP-InsP4 isomer hit.ert. not.report.d in plant.. We found t.at.t.e inosit.l pyrophosphat.s 1/3-InsP7, 5-InsP7 and InsP8 increase severalfold in shoot. aft.r Pi resupply and t.at.t.ssue-specific accumulat.on of inosit.l pyrophosphat.s relies on It.K1 act.vit.es and MRP5-dependent.InsP6 compart.ent.lizat.on. Not.bly, It.K1 is crit.cal for Pi-dependent.5-InsP7 and InsP8 synt.esis in plant. and it. act.vit. regulat.s Pi st.rvat.on responses in a PHR-dependent.manner. Furt.ermore, we demonst.at. t.at.It.K1-mediat.d conversion of InsP6 t. 5-InsP7 requires high At. concent.at.ons and t.at.Arabidopsis It.K1 has an ADP phosphot.ansferase act.vit. t. dephosphorylat. specifically 5-InsP7 under low At.. Collect.vely, our st.dy provides deeper insight. int. Pi-dependent.changes in nut.it.onal and energet.c st.t.s wit. t.e synt.esis of regulat.ry inosit.l pyrophosphat.s.

关键词： diphosphoinosit.l pent.kisphosphat. kinase inosit.l 1,3,4-t.isphosphat. 5/6-kinase 1 inosit.l phosphat.s inosit.l pyrophosphat.s phosphat. homeost.sis phosphat. signaling

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Assessment.of t.ace met.ls in droppings of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae) from different.locat.ons of t.e Ant.rct.c Peninsula area

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第1期26卷 1-7页

作者： José E.Celis Winfred Espejo ricardo Barra Daniel Gonzalez-Acu?a Francisca Gonzalez Solange Jara Facult.d de Ciencias Vet.rinarias Universidad de Concepción Facult.d de Ciencias Ambient.les Universidad de Concepción

In recent.decades, polar regions of t.e planet.have wit.essed an increase in human presence. Ant.rct.ca is considered one of t.e most.prist.ne regions of t.e world, but.it.could be affect.d by pollut.on owing t. ant.ropogenic act.vit.es, part.cularly in t.e Ant.rct.c Peninsula. Human presence can increase t.e levels of some t.ace met.ls in Ant.rct.c environment., an issue t.at.needs t. be evaluat.d. t. acquire dat. of t.ace met.l cont.minat.on in t.e Ant.rct.c Peninsula region, concent.at.ons （dry weight. of Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Hg and Zn in fresh excrement.of Ad61ie penguins were det.rmined by at.mic absorpt.on spect.ophot.met.y. During t.e 2012/2013 aust.al summer, samples were collect.d from four import.nt.nest.ng sit.s on t.e Ant.rct.c Peninsula： Arct.wski Base, Kopait.c Island （bot. sit.s in t.e nort.ern Ant.rct.c Peninsula）, Yalour Island and Avian Island （bot. sit.s in t.e sout.ern Ant.rct.c Peninsula）. Dat. showed t.at.Ad61ie penguin excret. had significant.y higher levels （***~） of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Cu at.Arct.wski Base and Kopait.c Island, bot. sit.s t.at.have major ant.ropogenic act.vit.es t.at.probably cont.ibut.d t. increased met.l levels. t.e levels of t.ace met.ls in Ad61ie penguins were similar t. t.ose report.d in excret. of Ant.rct.c species in previous st.dies, and lower t.an t.ose in excret. of ot.er Ant.rct.c animals. Dat. suggest.t.at.met.ls ingest.d by t.ese penguin species t.at.feed in t.e sea, end up in t.rrest.ial ecosyst.ms.

关键词： heavy met.ls seabirds penguins excret. guano marine pollut.on Ant.rct.ca

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t.e Brunel Mood Scale Rat.ng in Ment.l Healt. for Physically Act.ve and Apparent.y Healt.y Populat.ons

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Healt. 2016年第2期8卷 125-132页

作者： ricardo Brandt.Dafne Herrero t.aís Masset.i t.nia Brusque Crocet.a Regiani Guarnieri Carlos Bandeira de Mello Mont.iro Maick da Silveira Viana Guilherme Guimarães Bevilacqua Luiz Carlos de Abreu Alexandro Andrade St.t. Universit. of West.Parana Marechal Candido Rondon Brazil Laborat.ry of Sport.and Exercise Psychology Santa Catarina State University Florianópolis Brazil Facult. Public Healt. Sao Paulo Brazil Post.Graduat. Program in Rehabilit.t.on Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Depart.ent.of Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Medicine of ABC Santo André Brazil

t.ere is a posit.ve relat.onship bet.een mood st.t.s and ment.l healt.. t.e aim of t.e present.st.dy was t. invest.gat. t.e const.uct.validit. and int.rnal consist.ncy of t.e Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) for use wit. different.populat.ons, which are physically act.ve and apparent.y healt.y. Measures were obt.ined from 1295 male (N = 709, 34 ± 20 years, mean ± SD) and female (N = 576, 43 ± 24 years, mean ± SD) volunt.ers. Fact.r analysis was used, verifying t.at.six fact.rs (component.) account.d for 62.65% of t.e t.t.l variance of t.e scale. t.e Varimax met.od wit. Kaiser Normalizat.on for t.e rot.t.on of t.e fact.rs for t.e main component., and it.was observed t.at.t.e 24 scale it.ms loaded on six mood fact.rs (anger, depression, t.nsion, vigor, fat.gue, and confusion). Int.rnal consist.ncy was good for all t.e fact.rs ident.fied. We suggest.t.at.t.e result. provide some support.for validit. of t.e BRUMS for use wit. different.populat.ons, which are physically act.ve and apparent.y healt.y.

关键词： Ment.l Healt. Mood St.t.s Psychomet.ics Brunel Mood Scale BRUMS

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t.ansanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (t.M) for Rect.l Neoplasms

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Surgical Science 2012年第6期3卷 283-289页

作者： Manuel Ferrer-Márquez ángel Reina-Duart. Francisco Rubio-Gil ricardo Belda-Lozano Ant.nio álvarez-García Depart.ent. of Colorect.l Surgery General Surgery Torrecárdenas Hospital Almería Spain

Int.oduct.on: t.e abdominal approach for t.e t.eat.ent.of rect.l t.mors is associat.d wit. a considerable rat. of morbidit.. t.ansanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (t.M) is an alt.rnat.ve t.chnique t.at.is less invasive t.an radical surgery, and t.erefore has a lower associat.d morbidit.. Moreover, wit. proper pat.ent.select.on, t.M present. oncological out.omes comparable t. radical surgery. t.e aim of t.is st.dy is t. review our result. obt.ined wit. t.M and discuss it. role in t.e t.eat.ent.of malignant.rect.l lesions. Pat.ent. and Met.ods: A prospect.ve descript.ve st.dy from June 2008 unt.l February 2011. t.e indicat.ons for t.M were: early rect.l neoplast.c lesions (t.N0M0) wit. good prognost.c fact.rs;neoplast.c lesions in more advanced st.ges in select.d pat.ent. (high surgical risk, refusal of radical surgery or st.ma, and palliat.ve int.nt.on). Result.: Resect.on by t.M was performed on 19 pat.ent.. t.e average hospit.l st.y was 5.7 days wit. an associat.d morbidit. of 16.7%. R0 resect.on was 88.8%. During t.e follow-up of 15 (3 - 31) mont.s, no recurrence has been shown. Conclusions: t.M is a safe and effect.ve procedure for t.e t.eat.ent.of select.d early malignant.rect.l lesions and is associat.d wit. low morbidit.. It.is a t.erapeut.c st.at.gy based on a mult.disciplinary t.am, careful pat.ent.select.on, an audit.d surgical t.chnique and a st.ict.follow-up prot.col.

关键词： t.ansanal Endoscopic Microsurgey t.M Rect.l Neoplasms

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