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exploring Trees Diversity and ecological Value of Mountain Forests in the Blue Nile Region of Sudan

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Open Journal of ecology 2024年第3期14卷 245-256页

作者： Dafa-Alla M. Dafa-Alla haytham h. Gibreel Ahmed A. h. Siddig Yousif e. Yagoub hashim A. Abdelkarim Khatir h.T. Saeed Ahmed I. Abuelbashar Faculty of Forestry-Shambat University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA USA Faculty of Forest Science and Wood Technology University of Gezira Wad-Medani Sudan Department of Forestry and Range Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Alsalam University Alfula Sudan Forest Research and Gum Arabic Centre Agricultural Research Corporation Khartoum-Soba Sudan

We carried out this research at Abu-Gaddaf Natural Forest Reserve (ANFR) which is located east of Blue Nile river, in Blue Nile State, Sudan. It aims at exploring tree composition assessing their diversity indices, and ecological importance values. For survey of types and estimation of density of tree species in the forest, we randomly distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 hectare (ha)). In each sample plot we identified all trees to the species level, recorded their frequencies and computed species diversity and importance value indices (IVI). A total of 13 tree species, which belong to 12 genera and nine families, were identified in the tree layer of the forest. Mean tree density in ANFR was 116 trees/ha, composed mainly of Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) hochst. (48), followed by Combretum hartmannianu (19) and Lannea fruticosa (18). Fabaceae was the most common family followed by Combretaceae and Malvaceae. B. papyrifera Delile hochst was the most abundant while Acacia seyal was the least abundant species. Species richness (R = 1.71), evenness (e = 0.69), dominance (0.24) indices and Simpson’s Index of Diversity (D' = 0.76) suggest a moderate diversity, moderate numbers of individuals in each species and a moderate community stability. The research provides empirical results on diversity and ecological importance value of species, signifies the urging need to safeguard threatened species and to prioritize them for conservation, as well as the need to promote management of abundant species to provide multiple forest ecosystem services.

关键词： Tree Species Diversity Dry-Land Forest Sudan

In situ hydrothermal Oxidation of Ternary FeCoNi Alloy electrode for Overall Water Splitting

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energy & environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 161-170页

作者： Yuwei Chen Lixia Yang Chao Li Yuqiu Wu Xiao Lν hairen Wang Jun'e Qu Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Faculty of Material science and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy *** this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic electrode of insitu-grown type for alkaline water splitting based on FeCoNi alloy substrate has been successfully prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal oxidation route in an alkaline hydrogen peroxide *** shows that the matrix alloy with the atom ratio 4∶3∶3 of Fe∶Co∶Ni can obtain the best catalytic performance when hydrothermally treated at 180℃for 18 h in the solution containing 1.8 M hydrogen peroxide and 3.6 M sodium *** as-prepared Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode exhibits small overpotentials of only 184 and 175 mV at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)for alkaline OeR and heR processes,*** overall water splitting at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)can be stably delivered at a low cell voltage of 1.62 *** characteristics including the large specific surface area,the high surface nickel content,the abundant catalyst species,the balanced distribution between bivalent and trivalent metal ions,and the strong binding of in-situ naturally growed catalytic layer to matrix are responsible for the prominent catalytic performance of the Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode,which can act as a possible replacement for expensive noble metal-based materials.

关键词： alkaline water electrolysis bifunctional electrocatalyst FeCoNi alloy hydrothermal oxidation in-situ growing

First results of turbulence investigation on Globus-M2 using radial correlation Doppler reflectometry

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第10期26卷 49-55页

作者： A.PONOMAReNKO A.YAShIN V.GUSeV e.KISeLeV G.KURSKIeV V.MINAeV Y.PeTROV N.SAKhAROV P.ShCheGOLeV e.TKACheNKO N.ZhILTSOV Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University St.Petersburg 195251Russia Ioffe Institute St.Petersburg 194064Russia

The first results of investigation of the turbulence structure using Doppler backscattering(DBS)on the Globus-M2 tokamak are presented.A one-channel DBS system with a variable probing frequency within the 18–26 Ghz range was installed to investigate the edge plasma at normalized minor radiiρ=0.9–*** correlation Doppler reflectometry was used to study the changes in turbulence eddies after the Lh *** analysis was applied to the phase derivative of complex in-phase and quadrature(IQ)signals of the DBS diagnostic as it contains information about the poloidal plasma rotation *** L-mode,the radial correlation length L_(r)is estimated to be 3 cm and after transition to h-mode reduces to approximately 2 *** modelling in a linear local approximation using code GeNe indicates that the instability with positive growth rate at the normalized minor radiusρ=0.75 in L-mode and h-mode on Globus-M2 was the ion temperature gradient(ITG)mode.

关键词： tokamak turbulence Doppler backscattering correlation reflectometry

effect of cuproptosis on acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in diabetic patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2123-2134页

作者： Xi-Jin Deng Yi-Nan Wang Chuan-Bao Lv Zhong-Zhi Qiu Ling-Xin Zhu Jing-hui Shi Si-ri-Gu-Leng Sana Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of The health Management Service evaluation Center The Health Management Service Evaluation Center of Heilongjiang ProvinceHarbin 150000Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 150001Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)is a common procedure in cardiac *** is a high-risk factor for acute kidney injury(AKI),and diabetes is also such a *** can lead to copper *** is currently unclear whether AKI after CPB in diabetic patients is related to copper *** To explore whether the occurrence of CPB-AKI in diabetic patients is associated with *** Blood and urine were collected from clinical diabetic and non-diabetic patients before and after *** of copper ion,lactate,glucose,heat shock protein-70(hSP-70),and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase(DLAT)were determined.A diabetic rat model was established and CPB was *** rats were assessed for the development of CPB-AKI,and for the association of AKI with cuproptosis by detecting copper levels,iron-sulfur cluster proteins and observation of mitochondrial structure by electron *** CPB resulted in elevations of copper,lactate,hSP-70 and DLAT in blood and urine in both diabetic and nondiabetic *** was associated with pathologic and mitochondrial damage in the kidneys of diabetic ***-related proteins also appeared to be significantly *** CPB-AKI is associated with *** mellitus is an important factor aggravating CPB-AKI and cuproptosis.

关键词： Cardiopulmonary bypass Acute kidney injury Cuproptosis Diabetes Copper overload Iron-sulfur cluster proteins

evaluation of e-sail parameters on central spacecraft attitude stability using a high-fidelity rigid–flexible coupling model

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Astrodynamics 2024年第2期8卷 271-284页

作者： Chonggang Du Zheng h.Zhu Changqing Wang Aijun Li Tuanjie Li School of electro-Mechanical engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Department of Mechanical engineering York University4700 Keele StreetTorontoOntario M3J 1P3Canada School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

This study examines the impact of electric solar wind sail(e-sail)parameters on the attitude stability of e-sail’s central spacecraft by using a comprehensive rigid–flexible coupling dynamic *** this model,the nodal position finite element method is used to model the elastic deformation of the tethers through interconnected two-node tensile *** attitude dynamics of the central spacecraft is described using a natural coordinate *** rigid–flexible coupling between the central spacecraft and its flexible tethers is established using Lagrange *** research reveals the significant influences of parameters such as tether numbers,tether’s electric potential,and solar wind velocity on attitude ***,solar wind fluctuations and the distribution of electric potential on the main tethers considerably affect the attitude stability of the *** consistent management,the angular velocities of the spacecraft must remain at target ***,the attitude stability of a spacecraft has a pronounced dependence on the geometrical configuration of the e-sail,with axisymmetric e-sails proving to be more stable.

关键词： electric solar wind sail(e-sail) space tether nodal position finite element method(NPFeM) natural coordinate formulation (NCF) attitude stability

Deep learning-based detection of indicator species for monitoring biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands

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environmental Science and ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 238-247页

作者： Deepak h.Basavegowda Inga Schleip Paul Mosebach Cornelia Weltzien Technische Universitat Berlin Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Biookonomie e.V.(ATB) Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany hochschule für nachhaltige entwicklung eberswalde Schicklerstraße 516225EberswaldeGermany

Deep learning(DL)has huge potential to provide valuable insights into biodiversity changes in speciesrich agricultural ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands,helping to prioritize and plan conservation ***,DL has been underexplored in grassland conservation efforts,hindered by data scarcity,intricate ecosystem interactions,and limited economic ***,we developed a DL-based object-detection model to identify indicator species,a group of vascular plant species that serve as surrogates for biodiversity assessment in high nature value(hNV)*** selected indicator species Armeria maritima,Campanula patula,Cirsium oleraceum,and Daucus *** overcome the hurdle of limited data,we grew indicator plants under controlled greenhouse conditions,generating a sufficient dataset for DL model *** model was initially trained on this greenhouse ***,smaller datasets derived from an experimental grassland plot and natural grasslands were added to the training to facilitate the transition from greenhouse to field *** optimized model achieved remarkable average precision(AP)on test datasets,with 98.6 AP50 on greenhouse data,98.2 AP50 on experimental grassland data,and 96.5 AP50 on semi-natural grassland *** findings highlight the innovative application of greenhouse-grown specimens for the in-situ identification of plants,bolstering biodiversity monitoring in grassland ***,the study illuminates the promising role of DL techniques in conservation programs,particularly as a monitoring tool to support result-based agrienvironment schemes.

关键词： Species-rich grasslands Biodiversity monitoring Object detection Cross-domain knowledge transfer

Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber,protein,and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.Rodriguez Chad B.Paulk hans h.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable *** may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and *** objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(Ne)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and Ch_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(Ge),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(Aee),and the concentration of Ne were greater(Pelleted diets than in meal *** of diet form,the ATTD of Ge,N,and Aee,and the concentration of Ne were increased(linear;Peducing the particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Ph pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and Ne,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestibility Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia e.Ozsváth eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of evolutionary Zoology and human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TeTRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(hPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Ped to the *** DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSh)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Phe hPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Phese findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Phanerozoic co-evolution of O2-CO2 and ocean habitability

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 18-21页

作者： Zunli Lu Rosalind e.M.rickaby Jonathan L.Payne Ashley N.Prow Department of earth & environmental Sciences Syracuse University Department of earth Sciences University of Oxford Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Stanford University

Atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations are partially linked via the geological cycle of organic carbon （Fig. 1A–C; e.g. CO2+h2O■Ch2O+O2）. The history of these two biologically active components, controls on their concentrations, and implications for the complexity of the biosphere and habitability of earth have been hotly debated, but are generally considered independently.

关键词： CO2-CONCeNTRATING MeChANISM OXYGeN eVOLUTION ANOXIA