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Investigation of Nickel Oxide Used for Alloying in BOF Steelmaking

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1997年第1期11卷 8-12页

作者： CHEN Weiqing ZHOU Rongzhang HUH Wanwook rhee changhee(Faculty of Metallurgy, USTB, Beijing, 100083, China)(Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea)

Direct alloying of nickel oxide in a hot simulator of LD converter was investigated in *** rate of nickel oxide in steelmaking process was analyzed with the test results. Under the condition oflower slag viscosity, the reduction rate of NiO increases and the [Ni] yield rises. When the slag viscosity is higher, a lot of metal particles with higher Ni content are contained in the slag so as to decrease the [Ni] yield.

关键词： nickel oxide,direct alloying BOF steelmaking

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Germinant ZnO nanorods as a charge-selective layer in organic solar cells

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第20期52卷 89-94页

作者： Kunsik An Jaehoon Kim Mohammad Afsar Uddin Seunghyun rhee Hyeok Kim Kyung-Tae Kang Han Young Woo changhee Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Micro/Nano Process Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology(KITECH)Sangnok-guAnsan-si 15588Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering Research Institute(ERI)Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea

A facile method was introduced and demonstrated to synthesize zinc oxide(ZnO) nanorods(NRs) as an electron transporting layer(ETL) for organic solar cells(OSCs).Hydrothermal synthesis of the NRs showed a constant growth rate of 5.5 nm min-1 from germination to sub-micrometer *** properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),absorption spectrophotometry and so *** on these measurements,the germinant growth mechanism and its corresponding orientation characteristics were *** an ETL of the OSCs,ZnO NRs enhance the charge extraction from the active layer due to their increased interfacial surface area,but there is an optimal length because of the shunt path formation and UV absorption of long ZnO *** a re sult,the OSC with the ZnO NRs as ETL shows power conversion efficiency(PCE) up to 6.2%.The J-V characteristics and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency(IPCE) measurement also reveal that the efficiency enhancement is an assembly of individual results from optical,physical and electrical characteristic of the ZnO NRs.

关键词： ZnO nanorods Solar cells Self-assembly Oriented growth mechanism Hydrothermal synthesis

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