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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng wang lei yang Bing zhang Chen zhang Shuang-Nan zhang yonghe zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan hua Feng Shaoyu fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng wang Song wang Tinggui wang Zhongxiang wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu yanjun Xu Suijian Xue yongquan Xue Zijian zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu huaqiu Liu Fangjun lu Laidan luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao wang Juan wang lei wang Wenxin wang Yilong wang Yusa wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang yan Haonan yang Xiongtao yang yanji yang Juan zhang Mo zhang Wenjie zhang Zhen zhang Zhen zhang Ziliang zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRfu/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Mechanisms of interfacial reactions between 316L stainless steel and MnO-SiO_(2) oxide during isothermal heating

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第8期30卷 1511-1523页

作者： Cheng-song Liu fu-kang Li hua zhang Jie Li yong wang Yuan-yuan lu Li Xiong hong-wei Ni The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy.Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081HubeiChina Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Hubei Guoan Special Steel Inspection Co. Ltd.Huangshi 435000HubeiChina

Diffusion couple experiments were performed to study the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of interfacial reactions between the 316L stainless steel and the composite MnO-SiO_(2) oxide during isothermal heating at 1473 K(1200℃)for 1,3,5,and 10 h and at 1173,1273,1373,1473,and 1573 K(900,1000,1100,1200,and 1300℃)for 3 *** variations in the 316L stainless steel and the composite MnO-SiO_(2) oxide in the vicinity of the steel-oxide interface in each diffusion couple specimen were *** and after isothermal heating,thermodynamic equilibria between the oxide and steel at the interface were estimated in accordance with the calculation of the Gibbs free energy change in the interfacial steel-oxide *** diffusion coefficients of Mn,Cr,and Si in 316L stainless steel under different experimental conditions were quantitatively *** results showed that solid-state interfacial reactions occurred between the Cr in the 316L stainless steel and composite MnO-SiO_(2) oxide during isothermal heating,which resulted in the depletion of Cr and accumulation of Si and Mn in the steel in the vicinity of the steel-oxide *** widths of the Crdepleted zone,Mn-accumulated zone and Si-accumulated zone all showed increasing trends with increasing isothermal heating temperature and *** average values of the diffusion coefficients of Mn,Cr,and Si in the steel at 1473 K(1200℃)were 1.21×10^(^(-14))±2.96×10^(-15),1.69×10^(-14)±2.54×10^(-15),and 1.00×10^(-14)±1.96×10^(-15) m^(2)s^(-1),respectively,and they continued to increase with increasing isothermal heating temperature.

关键词： 316L stainless steel Diffusion couple Isothermal heating Diffusion coefficient Interfacial reaction

Saline Water Irrigation Scheduling Through a Crop-Water-Salinity Production function and a Soil-Water-Salinity Dynamic Model

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Pedosphere 2007年第3期17卷 303-317页

作者： wang yang-ren KANG Shao-Zhong LI fu-sheng zhang lu zhang Jian-hua Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 （China） Department of Water Conservancy Engineering Tianjin Agricultural University Tianjin 300384 （China） Agricultural College Guangxi University Nanning 530005 （China） CSIRO Land and-Water GPO Box 1666 Canberra ACT 2601 （Australia） Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tang Hong Kong （China）

Using a crop-water-salinity production function and a soil-water-salinity dynamic model, optimal irrigation scheduling was developed to maximize net return per irrigated area. Plot and field experiments were used to obtain the crop water sensitivity index, the salinity sensitivity index, and other parameters. Using data collected during 35 years to calculate the 10-day mean precipitation and evaporation, the variation in soil salinity concentrations and in the yields of winter wheat and cotton were simulated for 49 irrigation scheduling that were combined from 7 irrigation schemes over 3 irrigation dates and 7 salinity concentrations of saline irrigation water (fresh water and 6 levels of saline water). Comparison of predicted results with irrigation data obtained from a large area of the field showed that the model was valid and reliable. Based on the analysis of the investment cost of the irrigation that employed deep tube wells or shallow tube wells, a saline water irrigation schedule and a corresponding strategy for groundwater development and utilization were proposed. For wheat or cotton, if the salinity concentration was higher than 7.0 g L-1 in groundwater, irrigation was needed with only fresh water; if about 5.0 g L-1, irrigation was required twice with fresh water and once with saline water; and if not higher than 3.0 g L-1, irrigation could be solely with saline water.

关键词： crop-water-salinity production function irrigation scheduling saline water irrigation water-salinity dy- namic model

Formation mechanism of twin domain boundary in 2D materials: The case for WTe2

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 569-573页

作者： Guan-yong wang Weiyu Xie Dan Xu Hai-yang Ma Hao yang hong lu Hao-hua Sun yao-Yi Li Shuang Jia Liang fu shengbai zhang Jin-Feng Jia Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) P. O. Box 919-327 Mianyang 621900 China International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Tsung-Dao lee Institute Shanghai 200240 China

Our scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study observes, for the first time, twin domain boundary (TDB) formations on the surface of WTe2 single crystal, which is glued by solidifying indium to Si substrate. In these TDB regions, a large inhomogeneous strain field, especially a critical shear strain of about 7%, is observed by geometric phase analysis. This observation does not obey the old believe that a small mechanical stress is sufficient to drive thermally-induced TDB formations in two-dimensional materials. To resolve the contradiction, we perform density functional theory calculations combined with elasticity theory analysis, which show that TDBs on WTe2 are entirely displacement-induced, for which a critical strain is necessary to overcome the onset barrier.

关键词： twin domain boundary seanning tunneling microscopy (STM) density functional theory strain WTe2

Chinese physicians' perceptions of fecal microbiota transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第19期22卷 4757-4765页

作者： Rong-Rong ren Gang Sun Yun-sheng yang Li-hua Peng Shu-Fang wang Xiao-hong Shi Jing-Quan Zhao yong-Ling Ban Fei Pan Xue-hong wang Wei lu Jian-Lin ren Ying Song Jiang-Bin wang Qi-Ming lu Wen-Yuan Bai Xiao-Ping Wu Zi-Kai wang Xiao-Mei zhang Ye Chen Institute of Digestive Diseases Chinese PLA General Hospital Chinese PLA Medical Academy Medical College of Nankai University Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou City Department of Respiratory The People’s Hospital of Dongying City Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University Department of Gastroenterology First Central Hospital of Tianjin Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Department of Gastroenterology Xi’an Central Hospital Department of Gastroenterology China-Japan Union of Jilin University Department of Gastroenterology the People’s Hospital of Gansu Department of Gastroenterology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Gastroenterology the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Department of Gastroenterology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University

AIM: To explore Chinese physicians' perceptions towards fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) and to provide information and an assessment of FMT development in ***: A self-administered questionnaire was developed according to the FMT practice guidelines and was distributed to physicians in hospitals via Internet Research Electronic Data Capture(REDcap) software and electronic mails to assess their attitudes toward and knowledge of FMT. The questionnaire included a brief introduction of FMT that was followed by 20 questions. The participants were required to respond voluntarily, under the condition of anonymity and without compensation. Except for the fill-in-the-blank questions, all of the other questions were required in the REDcap data collection systems, and the emailed questionnaires were completed based on ***: Up to December 9, 2014, 844 eligible questionnaires were received out of the 980 distributed questionnaires, with a response rate of 86.1%. Among the participants, 87.3% were from tertiary hospitals, and there were 647(76.7%) gastroenterologists and 197(23.3%) physicians in other departments(nongastroenterologists). Gastroenterologists' awareness of FMT prior to the survey was much higher than non-gastroenterologists'(54.3 vs 16.5%, P rent(92.4 vs 87.1%, P = 0.1603). Major concerns of FMT included the following: acceptability to patients(79.2%), absence of guidelines(56.9%), and administration and ethics(46.5%). On the basis of understanding, the FMT indications preferred byphysicians were recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(86.7%), inflammatory bowel disease combined with Clostridium difficile infection(78.6%), refractory ulcerative colitis(70.9%), ulcerative colitis(65.4%), Crohn's disease(59.4%), chronic constipation(43.7%), irritable bowel syndrome(39.1%), obesity(28.1%) and type 2 diabetes(23.9%). For donor selection, the majority of physicians preferred

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplantation Chinese physicians Gastroenterologists Perception Survey

Antibacterial activities of a novel Cu-bearing high-entropy alloy against multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus

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Rare Metals 2022年第2期41卷 570-579页

作者： En-Ze Zhou Guang-Yu ren Yun-Ling Sun yong-Qiang Fan Yi yang Ming-Yue Sun Da-Ke Xu Yi-Ping lu Jian-Jun wang hua-Bing Li fu-Hui wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Key Laboratory for Anisotrotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang 110819China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are two prevalent pathogens and have developed high resistant to most ***,it is a pressing need to develop a new method to inhibit the spread of drug-resistant *** containing high-entropy alloy(HEA,Al0.4CoCr-CuFeNi)is a new kind of alloy material,which shows extensive antibacterial activity and mechanical properties in our previous *** study further develops another HEA(CoCrCuFeNi)and evaluates its resistance against gram-negative *** and Gram-positive *** antibacterial tests show that the antibacterial rate of the HEA toward both bacteria reached nearly 99%,far better than the traditional copper-bearing 304 stainless steel(304 Cu-SS).The biofilm observation shows that the HEA could not only kill the planktonic bacteria,but also effectively inhibit the formation of *** data demonstrate that CoCrCuFeNi HEA possesses effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activities,making it a potential candidate for using in hospital,food industry,and domestic kitchens.

关键词： High-entropy alloy Acinetobacter baumannii Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) Antibacterial activity Antibiofilm activity

Ductile and ultrahigh-strength eutectic high-entropy alloys by large-volume 3D printing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第31期126卷 15-21页

作者： Yiping lu Xiaoxiang Wu Zhenghong fu Qiankun yang yong zhang Qiming Liu Tianxin Li yanzhong Tian hua Tan Zhiming Li Tongmin wang Tingju Li High Entropy Alloy Material Engineering Research Center(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of Iron and Steel Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215137China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

*** Additive manufacturing or 3D printing outweighs conventional casting methods in the aspect of complex parts fabrication,which can realize one-step formation without the need of complicated cast dies.3D printing significantly promotes industrial production for making near-net shaped ***,this promising technique is not always ideally applicable for metals and *** example,titanium alloys prepared by 3D printing often suf-fer from poor plasticity,and usually require further complex heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing treatment,in order to remove internal stress and regulate plasticity and strength[1,2],which de-feats the original intention of employing additive *** of the fundamental causes for such issues is the low fluidity of the alloys upon melting,leading to great chemical heterogeneity,high porosity content and residual *** limitation hinders further design and fabrication of high-performance printable alloys from large scale production and application.

关键词： alloys strength eutectic

Neutral sulfate berberine modulates cytokine secretion and increases survival in endotoxemic mice

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第9期27卷 1199-1205页

作者： Fei LI hua-dong wang~2 Da-xiang lu yan-ping wang ren-bin QI yong-mei fu Chu-jie LI Department of Pathophysiology,Medical College of Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China Department of Pathophysiology Medical College of Jinan University Guangzhou China

Aim:Berberine is thought to be an immunomodulator,so the present study aimedto investigate the effect of berberine on mortality,lung and intestine injury inendotoxemic mice,and the mechanism of its ***:Mice were chal-lenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS,28 mg/kg,ip),and neutral sulfate berbefinewas administrated *** was monitored every 12 h,and his-tology of the lungs and intestine as well as the plasma tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-12(IL-12),IL-10,and nitric oxide(NO)levels were ***:Pretreatment with 50 mg/kg neutral sulfate ber-berine once a day for 5 days significantly decreased the mortality rate and attenu-ated tissue injury of the lungs and small intestine in mice challenged with *** stimulated a marked increase in plasma levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-10,and *** administration of berberine significantly reduced plasma TNF-α,IFN-γ,and NO levels,but did not suppress plasma IL-12 levels in mice exposed ***,pretreatment with neutral sulfate berbefine augmented IL-10secretion stimulated by LPS in ***:Pretreatment with neutral sul-fate berberine attenuates tissue injury and improves survival in endotoxemic mice,which may be mediated,at least in part,by the inhibition of pro-inflammatorymediator production and upregulation of IL-10 *** findings mightprovide a new strategy for the treatment of endotoxemia.

关键词： lipopolysaccharide berberine tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin-10 interleukin-12 interferon-γ nitric oxide mice

Interface stabilization of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether to high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based layered cathode materials

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Rare Metals 2022年第3期41卷 822-829页

作者： A-Lin Li Guo-hua Li Shi-Gang lu Zhi-Min ren Jian-Tao wang Hao-Xiang Zhuo Wei Quan Gang-Ning zhang fu-Juan Han Yi-Mian Xia Jing wang Yi zhang National Power Battery Innovation Center Grinm Group Company LtdBeijing 100088China China Automotive Battery Research Institute Company Ltd Beijing 101407China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Non-aqueous electrolyte solvents play a pivotal role in improving the cycling performance of high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based layered cathode materials. In this study, a fluoroether (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, TFEPE) was added to 1.2 mol·L^(-1)LiPF_(6)EC/EMC/DEC at different concentrations to synthesize a series of electrolytes for enhancing the cycling performance of highvoltage Li_(1.18)Mn_(0.50)Ni_(0.26)Co_(0.06)O_(2)(LMNC).

关键词： materials. cycling 1,2