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Downwash airflow distribution pattern of hexa-copter unmanned aerial vehicles

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 24-34页

作者： Dengeru Yallappa Ramasamy Kavitha Allimuthu Surendrakumar Kannan Balaji Balakrishnan Suthakar Ayyasamy Paramasivam mohan Kumar Yathendranaik ravi Narayananaik Ashoka Kumar Kavan Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering Agricultural Engineering College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore

In recent times,the use of vertical take-off and landing(VTOL)multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAVs)for spraying chemical pesticides against weeds and pests has recently become *** current aerial spray application research is primarily focused on examining the influence of UAV spraying parameters such as flight height,travel speed,rotor configuration,droplet size,payload and wind *** downwash airflow velocity generated by the UAV rotor propeller has a significant impact on the droplet deposition process.A test rig was developed to measure the downwash airflow pattern generated by the rotor propeller of a *** this investigation,a six-rotor electric autonomous UAV sprayer was used to investigate the parameters and distribution laws of downwash airflow *** downwash airflow velocity was measured using portable anemometers mounted on the test rig at radial positions viz.,0 m,0.5 m,1 m,1.5 m and 2 m,perpendicular to(X)and parallel to the UAV’s flight direction(Y).The experiment was conducted at three levels of hover height,viz.,1 m,2 m and 3 m(Z)and three levels of payload,viz.,0 kg,5 kg,and 10 *** special downwash airflow distribution pattern was analysed using the Python programming language(Version 3.7).Results show that the downwash airflow velocity generated by the radial position of the UAV rotor is evenly distributed on the rotating loop and the standard deviation of the downwash airflow velocity is less than 0.5 m/*** maximum downwash airflow velocity of 13.8 m/s was observed below the rotor at 10 kg payload capacity,1 m hover height(Z),and 0.5 m in the *** minimum downwash wind field of 0.3 m/s was observed at 0 kg pay load capacity,1 m height,and 2 m in the *** downwash airflow velocity along each position in the radial direction of the rotor increases initially and then *** downwash airflow distribution results helps in mounting of spray nozzle configuration to drone sprayer which helps to

关键词： downwash air payload rotor propeller flight height distribution analysis flight direction

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Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh Shetty ravi Sankannavar School of Chemical and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,Mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis Nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

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PULPING STUDIES OF WHEAT STRAW USING SODA AND SODA -ANTHRAQUINONE PROCESSES

PULPING STUDIES OF WHEAT STRAW USING SODA AND SODA -ANTHRAQU...

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1988国际非木材纤维制浆造纸会议

作者： ravi mohan R.PRASAD R.YADAV A.K.RAY Institute of Paper Technology Saharanpur-247001 INDIA Institute of Paper Technology Saharanpur-247001 INDIA Institute of Paper Technology Saharanpur-247001 INDIA Institute of Paper Technology Saharanpur-247001 INDIA

＜正＞Soda-Anthraquinone process,a non-sulphur pulping process of fibrous materials,involves soda cooking in presence of small amount of Anthraquinone or its derivatives. This results in improved yield with less rejects without affecting any quality of *** though the effect of Anthraquinone on pulping of hard and softwood are extensively reported in literature, the information on non-woody fibres,specially for Wheat straw are extremely limited. As Wheat straw is now increasingly used in. Indian mills,it will be of immense potential to elucidate the optimal parameters in pulping of Wheat straw from operational point of these *** no correlations are available between input and output variables or kinetics of soda/soda-Anthraquinone pulping of Wheat straw. An attempt has been made in this present investigation to identify the effect of different pulping parameters on the degree of cooking of Wheat straw experimentally in the laboratory. The range of all possible input and output variables are examined in the light of normal industrial operation in terms of delignification. Based on the data Important kinetic parameters such as H-factor,specific reaction rate,and activation energy are evaluated for both soda and soda-Anthraquinone pulping *** pulp properties like screened yield, rejects,residual lignin,fibre fractionation,unbleached pulp-strength properties are also evaluated From detailed experimental studies,the main conclusions can be drawn as follows: The addition of Anthraquinone brings about 4-5 percent increase in yield,a significant decrease of Kappa number and lignin . content of pulp but no appreciable change in pentosan content. 10-13 percent active alkali might be taken as optimum for wheat straw *** optimum time and temperature at the bulk delignification stage for straw pulping are found to be 2 hours and 393K respectively with approximately 88 percent delignification. 423K with 1 hour cooking time can also be proper operationa

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Federated Approach for Privacy-Preserving Traffic Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Network

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第3期29卷 509-517页

作者： LONARE Savita BHRAMARAMBA ravi Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering Pune 411044India Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAMViskhapatnam 530045India

Existing traffic flow prediction frameworks have already achieved enormous success due to large traffic datasets and capability of deep learning ***,data privacy and security are always a challenge in every field where data need to be uploaded to the *** learning(FL)is an emerging trend for distributed training of *** primary goal of FL is to train an efficient communication model without compromising data *** traffic data have a robust spatio-temporal correlation,but various approaches proposed earlier have not considered spatial correlation of the traffic *** paper presents FL-based traffic flow prediction with spatio-temporal *** work uses a differential privacy(DP)scheme for privacy preservation of participant's *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that FL is used for vehicular traffic prediction while considering the spatio-temporal correlation of traffic data with DP *** proposed framework trains the data locally at the client-side with *** then uses the model aggregation mechanism federated graph convolutional network(FedGCN)at the server-side to find the average of locally trained *** results of the proposed work show that the FedGCN model accurately predicts the *** scheme at client-side helps clients to set a budget for privacy loss.

关键词： federated learning(FL) traffic flow prediction data privacy graph convolutional network(GCN) differential privacy(DP)

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Unsupervised intrusion detection system for in-vehicle communication networks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Kabilan N Vinayakumar ravi V Sowmya Center for Computational Engineering and Networking(CEN) Amrita School of Artificial InteligenceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Center for Artificial Intlligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia

In-vehicle communication has been optimized day to day to keep updated of the *** area network(CAN)is used as a standard communication method because of its efficient and reliable ***,CAN is prone to several network level attacks because of its lack in security *** methods have been introduced to incorporate this in *** proposed an unsupervised method of intrusion detection for in-vehicle communication networks by combining the optimal feature extracting ability of autoencoders and more precise clustering using fuzzy C-means(FCM).The proposed method is light weight and requires less computation *** performed an extensive experiment and achieved an accuracy of 75.51%with the ML35o in-vehicle intrusion *** experimental result,the proposed method also works better for other intrusion detection problems like wireless intrusion detection datasets such as WNS-DS with accuracy of 84.05%and network intrusion detection datasets such as KDDCup with accuracy 60.63%,UNSW_NB15 with accuracy 73.62%and Information Security Center of Excellence(Iscx)with accuracy 74.83%.Overall,the proposed method outperforms the existing methods and avoids labeled datasets when training an in-vehicle intrusion detection *** results of the experiment of our proposed method performed on various intru-sion detection datasets indicate that the proposed approach is generalized and robust in detecting intrusions and can be effectively deployed in real time to monitor CAN traffic in vehicles and proactively alert during attacks.

关键词： Controlarea network Intrusiondetection Unsupervised learning Autoencoders Fuzzy C-means

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Dynamics of some new solutions to the coupled DSW equations traveling horizontally on the seabed

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第2期9卷 154-163页

作者： Raj Kumar ravi Shankar Verma Department of Mathematics Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyVeer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal UniversityJaunpur 222003India

The system of(1+1)-coupled Drinfel’d-Sokolov-Wilson equations describes the surface gravity waves travelling horizontally on the *** objective of the present research is to construct a new variety of analytical solutions for the *** invariants are derived with the aid of Killing form by using the optimal algebra classification via Lie symmetry *** invariant solutions involve time,space variables,and arbitrary *** adequate constraints on arbitrary constants,solutions are represented graphically to make them more applicable in designing sea *** behavior of solutions shows asymptotic,bell-shaped,bright and dark soliton,bright soliton,parabolic,bright and kink,kink,and periodic *** constructed results are novel as the reported results[26,28,29,30,33,38,42,49]can be deduced from the results derived in this *** remaining solutions derived in this study,are absolutely different from the earlier *** this study,the physical character of analytical solutions of the system could aid coastal engineers in creating models of beaches and ports.

关键词： Coupled Drinfel’d-Sokolov-Wilson model Invariants Killing form Optimal sub algebra Lie symmetry reductions

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An Interactive Operating Demand Response Approach for Hybrid Power Systems Integrating Renewable Energy Sources

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第3期9卷 174-194页

作者： Abhishek Saxena ravi Shankar IEEE the Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaIndia

The increased deployment of renewable energy in existing power networks has jeopardized rotational inertia,resulting in system degradation and *** address the issue,this paper proposes a demand response strategy for ensuring the future reliability of the electrical power *** addition,a modified fuzzy logic control topology-based two-degree-of-freedom(fractional order proportional integral)-tilt derivative controller is designed to regulate the frequency within a demand response framework of a hybrid two-area deregulated power *** test system includes thermal power plants,renewable energy sources(such as wind,parabolic trough solar thermal plant,biogas),and electric vehicle *** adaptively tune the controller’s coefficients,a quasi-opposition-based harris hawks optimization(QOHHO)algorithm is *** effectiveness of this algorithm is compared to other optimization algorithms,and the stability of the system is *** results demonstrate that the designed control algorithm significantly enhances system frequency stability in various scenarios,including uncertainties,physical constraints,and high penetration of renewables,compared to existing ***,an experimental assessment through OPAL-RT is conducted to verify the practicality of the proposed strategy,considering source and load intermittencies.

关键词： Area control error demand response energy storage vertically integrated utility

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生物多样性和环境因素对亚热带森林树木生物量和生物量生长的解耦影响

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第1期16卷 76-90页

作者： ravi mohan Tiwari Jinliang Liu Yuchu Xie Shenhao Yao Shenglong Liu Sumei Wu Julian Liu Haiyuan Qian Zupei Lei Hongwei Zhang Lei Zhong Boliang Wei Mingjian Yu College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China Zhejiang Museum of Natural History Hangzhou 310014China Longquan Conservation Center Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National ParkLishui 323700China Qingyuan Conservation Center Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National ParkLishui 323800China Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve Management Center Lishui 323312China Qianjiangyuan National Park Administration Quzhou 324300China Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Center Wenzhou 325500China Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve Administration Hangzhou 311321China

生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系已成为森林生态系统研究的核心问题。然而,在具有不同人类干扰历史的亚热带森林群落中,关于环境因子对生物多样性与生态系统功能关系影响的研究仍然较少。在本研究中,选择位于中国东部浙江省的34个... 详细信息

生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系已成为森林生态系统研究的核心问题。然而,在具有不同人类干扰历史的亚热带森林群落中,关于环境因子对生物多样性与生态系统功能关系影响的研究仍然较少。在本研究中,选择位于中国东部浙江省的34个亚热带森林样地,在考虑样方中的环境因子的基础上,利用线性模型,分析样地中木本植物多样性(物种、功能和谱系多样性)与样方内木本植物生物量或生物量变化量之间的关系。物种多样性和功能多样性,并非谱系多样性,与生物量和生物量的变化量之间存在显着相关性。生物量或生物量变化量与年平均温度和海拔高度之间存在显著的正相关关系。此外,在考虑环境因子和森林群落的演替阶段时,生物量变化量与功能多样性的关系显著强于生物量变化量与谱系多样性或物种多样性之间的关系。这些研究结果表明,生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系可能取决于生物多样性指数的选择和环境条件。

关键词：生物量年净生物量变化生物多样性亚热带森林干扰

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化疗对通过FDG-PET／CT选择可行结直肠癌肝转移手术切除患者的影响：PET-CAM随机试验的单中心研究

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中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2017年第10期37卷 672-673页

作者：顾佳唐军苏州大学医学部放射医学与防护学院 215123 苏州大学附属第二医院核医学科 215004

目的关于FDG—PET在结直肠癌肝转移（***）手术治疗中作用的随机对照试验（RCT）结果表明，8％的患者其手术治疗决策发生了改变。该研究拟探讨***患者近期化疗和随后的PET探测转移性病灶之间的关系，并确定回顾性集中阅片是否会影响随... 详细信息

目的关于FDG—PET在结直肠癌肝转移（***）手术治疗中作用的随机对照试验（RCT）结果表明，8％的患者其手术治疗决策发生了改变。该研究拟探讨***患者近期化疗和随后的PET探测转移性病灶之间的关系，并确定回顾性集中阅片是否会影响随机试验的结果。方法研究纳入来自同一医院的120例患者。首次PET读片报告（PET-L）取自医院数据库，再次回顾性读片报告（PET-C）由其他至少1位阅片者独立完成。记录PET显像前未知的、未被列入手术切除计划的肝外病灶（EHD）和肝内转移灶（SALM）。根据术后病理结果和实体肿瘤疗效评估标准（RECIST），全部患者被分为化疗有效组和其他组。结果50例患者PET显像前90d内进行了化疗．其中37例有效。EHD为30／120（25％）。有效组内PET-L（7／37；18．9％），PET—C（7／37；18．9％）和CT（4／37；10．8％）发现EHD的结果无差异（P=0．375）；但在其他组，PET—L（15／83；18．1％）和PET．C（22／83；26．5％）发现的EHD比cT（8／83；9．6％）多（P=0．039和P〈0．001）。50例患者中，被PET—L和PET—C发现EHD和（或）SALM而没有被cT发现的患者数分别为14例（11．7％）和22例（18．3％）。结论近期化疗对PET显像探测结直肠癌转移的影响表明，先前进行的随机对照试验结果可能低估了可进行肝内转移病灶切除的患者数。

关键词： PET FDG 直结肠癌肝转移化疗

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Computational Approach for Automated Segmentation and Classification of Region of Interest in Lateral Breast Thermograms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4749-4765页

作者： Dennies Tsietso Abid Yahya ravi Samikannu Basit Qureshi Muhammad Babar Department of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications EngineeringBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyePrivate Bag 16Botswana College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet of Things Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Breast cancer is one of the major health issues with high mortality rates and a substantial impact on patients and healthcare systems *** Computer-Aided Diagnosis(CAD)tools,based on breast thermograms,have been developed for early detection of this ***,accurately segmenting the Region of Interest(ROI)fromthermograms remains *** paper presents an approach that leverages image acquisition protocol parameters to identify the lateral breast region and estimate its bottomboundary using a second-degree *** proposed method demonstrated high efficacy,achieving an impressive Jaccard coefficient of 86%and a Dice index of 92%when evaluated against manually created ground *** features were extracted from each view’s ROI,with significant features selected via Mutual Information for training Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)and K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)*** findings revealed that the MLP classifier outperformed the KNN,achieving an accuracy of 86%,a specificity of 100%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of *** consistency of the method across both sides of the breast suggests its viability as an auto-segmentation ***,the classification results suggests that lateral views of breast thermograms harbor valuable features that can significantly aid in the early detection of breast cancer.

关键词： Breast cancer CAD machine learning ROI segmentation thermography

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