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IN VIVO NEAR-INFRAREDFLUOREsCENCEIMAGING OF HUMANCOLONADENOCARCINOMABY sPECIFIC IMMUNOTARGETINGOFA TUMOR-AssOCIATEDMUCIN

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2009年第4期2卷 407-422页

作者： ralph s.dacosta YING TANG TUULA KALLIOMAKI RAYMOND M.REILLY ROBERT WEERsINK ALIsHA R.ELFORD NORMAN E.MARCON BRIAN C.WILsON Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging Ontario Cancer Institute 610 University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada NIH/NCI Radiation Oncology Branch BethesdaMDUSA Division of Clinical Investigation and Human Physiology Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and University of Toronto Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy TorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory for Applied Biophotonics University Health Network TorontoOntarioCanada Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research University Health Network/Ontario Cancer Institute Department of Medical Biophysics and Immunology Toronto OntarioCanada st.Michael’s Hospital Center for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology Toronto OntarioCanada

Background and Aims: Accurate endoscopic detection of premalignant lesions and earlycancers in the colon is essential for cure, since prognosis is closely related to lesion size andstage. Although it has great clinical potential, autofluorescence endoscopy has limited tumorto-normal tissue image contrast for detecting small preneoplastic lesions. We have developed amolecularly specific, near-infrared fluorescent monoclonal antibody (CC49) bioconjugate whichtargets tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72), as a contrast agent to improve fluorescencebased endoscopy of colon cancer. Methods: The fluorescent anti-TAG72 conjugate was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in athymic nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma (Ls174T)subcutaneous tumors. Autofluorescence, a fluorescent but irrelevant antibody and the free fluorescent dye served as controls. Fluorescent agents were injected intravenously, and in vivowhole body fluorescence imaging was performed at various time points to determine pharmacokinetics, followed by ex vivo tissue analysis by confocal fluorescence microscopy and histology Results: Fluorescence microscopy and histology confirmed specific Ls174T cell membrane targeting of labeled CC49 in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated significant tumor-to-normal tissue contrast enhancement with labeled-CC49 at three hours postinjection, with maximum contrast after 48 h. Accumulation of tumor fluorescence demonstratedthat modification of CC49 antibodies did not alter their specific tumor-localizing properties, andwas antibody-dependent since controls did not produce detectable tumor fluorescence. Conclusions: These results show proof-of-principle that our near-infrared fluorescent-antibody probetargeting a tumor-associated mucin detects colonic tumors at the molecular level in real time,and offer a basis for future improvement of image contrast during clinical fluorescence endoscopy.

关键词： Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy colon adenocarcinoma TAG72 CC49 mucin monoclonal antibody conjugate confocal fluorescence microscopy.

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行星科学研究中热发射光谱的实验测量与定标方法

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空间科学学报 2024年第2期44卷 270-286页

作者：杨亚洲 MILLIKEN ralph E BRAMBLE Michael s PATTERsON William R 邹永廖刘洋中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室北京100190 布朗大学地球环境与行星科学学院普罗维登斯02912

准确的物质组成信息是解译行星体形成与演化历史的关键,可见–近红外遥感光谱探测一直是获取行星表面成分的主要技术手段.在热红外谱段光谱特征更为丰富,因此随着探测技术的发展,其在行星探测中得到越来越多的应用.尤其是在目前已经实... 详细信息

准确的物质组成信息是解译行星体形成与演化历史的关键,可见–近红外遥感光谱探测一直是获取行星表面成分的主要技术手段.在热红外谱段光谱特征更为丰富,因此随着探测技术的发展,其在行星探测中得到越来越多的应用.尤其是在目前已经实施与立项的国内外小行星探测任务中,都将热发射光谱仪作为核心载荷之一.为了更好地对将来获取的热发射光谱数据进行解译,建立科学合理的数据处理与定标方案是必不可少的.本文对用于行星科学研究的热发射光谱测量装置的设计、测量及数据处理方法进行了系统分析.针对低温、真空条件下热发射测量过程中样品辐射信号与仪器辐射信号难以分离的问题,提出并论证了基于傅里叶变换红外光谱仪原始测量信号–干涉图的数据处理方法.该方法可以更为有效地分离出样品实际辐射信号,从而获得更为准确的发射率光谱数据.研究结果可为国内相关热发射测量装置的设计与搭建以及未来天问二号等探测数据的处理与科学解译提供参考.

关键词：行星探测热发射光谱实验室测量定标

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Low-temperature catalytic methane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived mesoporous hausmannite (Mn_(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： Patrick Ndouka Ndouka stephane Kenmoe Jacques Richard Mache Elie Acayanka Dick Hartmann Douma ralph Gebauer Patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de simulations Numériques en Magnétisme et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced school of Engineering of Maroua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(sPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron microscopy(sEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn_(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) sPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHsV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) sPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.

关键词： sol-gel Manganese oxide Catalytic oxidation Methane Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism Mars−van Krevelen route Two−term process

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Haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis and population genomics uncover the origin and domestication of sweetpotato

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 277-296页

作者： Mengxiao Yan Ming Li Yunze Wang Xinyi Wang M-Hossein Moeinzadeh Dora G.Quispe-Huamanquispe Weijuan Fan Yijie Fang Yuqin Wang Haozhen Nie Zhangying Wang Aiko Tanaka Bettina Heider Jan F.Kreuze Godelieve Gheysen Hongxia Wang Martin Vingron ralph Bock Jun Yang shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Life sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061China College of Life sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Computational Molecular Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsIhnestraBe 63-7314195 BerlinGermany Department of Biotechnology Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement Crop Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate school of Bioagricultural sciences Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8601Japan international Potato Center(CIP) LimaPeru CAs Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany

The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops ***,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains *** this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of *** diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genome to *** tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was most likely *** 4x,which donated the B2 subgenome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast *** most likely originated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genome *** addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenomes;the rate of B,to B2 subgenome conversions was nearly three times higher than that of B2 to B subgenome *** analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root formation,maintenance of genome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium uptake were selected during the speciation and domestication of *** study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.

关键词： sweetpotato origin gene conversion domestication IbT-DNA HPA

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Between a Rock and a Dry Place： The Water-stressed Moss

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 478-486页

作者： Audra J. Charron ralph s. Quatrano Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis 1 Brookings Dr. St Louis MO 63130 USA

The earliest land plants faced a suite of abiotic stresses largely unknown to their aquatic algal ancestors. The descendants of these plants evolved two general mechanisms for survival in the relatively arid aerial environment. While the vascular plants or ＇tracheophytes＇ developed tissue specializations to transport and retain water, the other main lineages of land plants, the bryophytes, retained a simple, nonvascular morphology. The bryophytes--mosses, hornworts, and liverworts--continually undergo a co-equilibration of their water content with the surrounding environment and rely to a great extent on intrinsic cellular mechanisms to mitigate damage due to water stress. This short review will focus on the cellular and molecular responses to dehydration and rehydration in mosses, and offer insights into general plant responses to water stress.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress ABA poikilohydry Tortula ruralis bryophytes Physcomitrella patens.

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Principles of carbon nanotube dielectrophoresis

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2188-2206页

作者： Wenshan Li Frank Hennrich Benjamin s.Flavel simone Dehm Manfred Kappes ralph Krupke Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany Institute of Materials science Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadt 64287Germany Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany school of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo.800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240Chin

Dielectrophoresis(DEP)describes the motion of suspended objects when exposed to an inhomogeneous electric *** has been successful as a method for parallel and site-selective assembling of nanotubes from a dispersion into a sophisticated device *** have conducted extensive works to understand the DEP of nanotubes in aqueous ionic surfactant ***,only recently,DEP was applied to polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes(sWCNTs)in organic solvents due to the availability of ultra-pure sWCNT *** this paper,the focus is on the difference between the DEP in aqueous and organic *** starts with an introduction into the DEP of carbon nanotubes(CNT-DEP)to provide a comprehensive,in-depth theoretical background before discussing in detail the experimental procedures and *** academic interests,this work focuses on the CNT-DEP deposition scheme,discusses the importance of the electrical double layer,and employs finite element simulations to optimize CNT-DEP deposition condition with respect to the experimental *** important outcome is an understanding of why DEP in organic solvents allows for the deposition and alignment of sWCNTs in low-frequency and even static electric fields,and why the response of semiconducting sWCNTs(s-sWCNTs)is strongly enhanced in non-conducting,weakly polarizable *** to further improve CNT-DEP for s-sWCNT-relevant applications are given as ***,this work should serve as a practical guideline to select the appropriate setting for effective CNT DEPs.

关键词： single-walled carbon nanotubes hydrodynamics assembly deposition alignment polarizability dielectrophoresis

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Concise review on short bowel syndrome: Etiology, pathophysiology, and management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第31期10卷 11273-11282页

作者： saraswathi Lakkasani Deeksha seth Imran Khokhar Masara Touza Theodore Jr dacosta Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saint Michael’s Medical Center in Affiliation with New York Medical CollegeNewarkNJ 07102United States Gastroenterology Chandan Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesLucknow 226001India Medicine Suburban Medical CenterNorristownPA 19401United States Medicine Saint Michael’s Medical Center in Affiliation with New York Medical CollegeNewarkNJ 07102United States

Adults have approximately 20 feet of small intestine,which is the primary site for absorbing essential nutrients and *** of the intestine for any medical reason may result in short bowel syndrome(sBs),leading to loss of major absorptive surface area and resulting in various malabsorption and motility *** mainstay of treatment is personalized close dietary *** we present sBs with its pathophysiology and different nutritional management options *** central perspective of this paper is to provide a concise review of sBs and the treatment options available,along with how proper nutrition can solve major dietary issues in sBs and help patients recover faster.

关键词： short bowel small bowel resection Malabsorption Nutrition Intestinal transplantation

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Review of the applications of Multiangle Imaging spectroRadiometer to air quality research

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science China Earth sciences 2009年第1期52卷 132-144页

作者： ralph A.KAHN Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA

The Multiangle Imaging spectroRadiometer(MIsR) launched by NAsA in late 1999 has a unique mul-tiangle design,which points nine cameras at fixed angles along the satellite flight track and collects reflected solar radiation *** design allows the retrieval of a rich dataset of particle abundance,shape and composition over both land and *** of its capabilities have not been seen by any currently operating satellite aerosol *** MIsR is sensitive to fine particles,it provides a new data source to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of air quality over large geographical *** first briefly introduce the MIsR instrument,the retrieval and structure of MIsR aerosol data,and then review the applications of MIsR aerosol data in various aspects of air quality research since its *** include the spatial distributions of particle pollution events such as dust storms,wild fires,and urban *** of the high quality of MIsR aerosol data,they can be used as quantitative indicators of particle pollution *** review the current modeling studies of surface level particle ***,we introduce research results using MIsR's advanced data such as the plume heights,and particle microphysical *** the discussion,we compare MIsR research with current MODIs research to the best of our ability as MODIs data have been more extensively explored by the Chinese scientific ***,we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of MIsR data related to its applications to the air quality *** the highly quantitative measurements and comprehensive aerosol information MIsR can provide,we believe that it will provide great values to advance our understanding of the particle air pollution in China.

关键词： aerosol remote sensing MIsR multiangle imaging aerosol optical thickness particulate matters PM2.5 PM10 air pollution

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The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1105-1120页

作者： Nadine Tiller ralph Bock Max-Planck-Institut for Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Chloroplasts （plastids） possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70s ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco （plastid-encoded components） and Arabidopsis （nucleus-encoded components）. This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant develop- ment at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway（s）. In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.

关键词： plastid translation ribosome ribosomal protein evolution plastid transformation retrograde signaling leaf development palisade cell.

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A rapid absorbance-based growth assay to screen the toxicity of oligomer Aβ42 and protect against cell death in yeast

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1931-1936页

作者： Prashant Bharadwaj ralph Martins Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia school of Pharmacy and Biomedical sciences Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute(CHIRI)Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia school of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.University of Western Australia Western AustraliaAustralia school of Biomedical science Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia

Multiple lines of evidence show that soluble oligomer forms of amyloidβprotein(Aβ42)are the most neurotoxic species in the brain and correlates with the degree of neuronal loss and cognitive deficit in Alzheimer’s *** many studies have used mammalian cells to investigate oligomer Aβ42 toxicity,the use of more simple eukaryotic cellular systems offers advantages for large-scale screening *** have previously established and validated budding yeast,saccharomyces cerevisiae to be a simple and a robust model to study the toxicity of Aβ.Using colony counting based methods,oligomeric Aβ42 was shown to induce dose-dependent cell death in *** have adapted this method for high throughput screening by developing an absorbance-based growth *** further validated the assay with treatments previously shown to protect oligomer Aβ42 induced cell death in mammalian and yeast *** assay offers a platform for studying underlying mechanisms of oligomer Aβ42 induced cell death using gene deletion/overexpression libraries and developing novel agents that alleviate Aβ42 induced cell death.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid toxicity autophagy Aβ42 oligomer high-throughput screening latrepirdine neuroprotection yeast model

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