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The myth of “minima” and “maxima”,the species of Physalis in the Indian Subcontinent

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植物分类学报 2007年第2期45卷 239-245页

作者： Vatsavaya S raju C S REDDY K G RAJARAO Department of Botany Kakatiya UniversityWarangal 506009 India Forestry & Ecology Division National Remote Sensing AgencyHyderabad 500008 India Department of Botany Andhra UniversityWaltair 530003 India

The status of the names, Physalis minima L. and P. maxima Mill. (Solanaceae), and their alleged presence on the Indian subcontinent are discussed. The issues of nativity and identity of Linnaean Physalis minima are long-debated while the use of the name P. maxima Mill. and its report from India are recent. The available evidence indicates that the name "P. minima L." is misapplied to two different elements, viz., P. angulata L. and P. lagascae Roem. & Schult. The name Physalis minima L. may be rejected as nomen confusum, for which the paper provides the primary information. As on today, it is submerged under the synonymy of P. angulata L. The correct name for the widely known P. minima is P. lagascae. The name "P. maxima Mill." applied to the escape and naturalized weed in the Indian subcontinent and elsewhere is to be substituted by P. pruinosa L., a name misapplied to P. grisea (Waterf.) M. Martínez.

关键词：酸浆属植物酸浆值植物分类植物命名

Bioengineered humanized livers as better three-dimensional drug testing model system

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 22-33页

作者： Sandeep kumar Vishwakarma Avinash Bardia Chandrakala Lakkireddy raju Nagarapu Md Aejaz Habeeb Aleem Ahmed Khan Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics Deccan College of Medical Sciences

AIM To develop appropriate humanized three-dimensional ex-vivo model system for drug testing. METHODS Bioengineered humanized livers were developed in this study using human hepatic stem cells repopulation within the acellularized liver scaffolds which mimics with the natural organ anatomy and physiology. Six cytochrome P-450 probes were used to enable efficient identification of drug metabolism in bioengineered humanized livers. The drug metabolism study in bioengineered livers was evaluated to identify the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity *** The bioengineered humanized livers showed cellular and molecular characteristics of human livers. The bioengineered liver showed three-dimensional natural architecture with intact vasculature and extra-cellular matrix. Human hepatic cells were engrafted similar to the human liver. Drug metabolism studies provided a suitable platform alternative to available ex-vivo and in vivo models for identifying cellular and molecular dynamics of pharmacological *** The present study paves a way towards the development of suitable humanized preclinical model systems for pharmacological testing. This approach may reduce the cost and time duration of preclinical drug testing and further overcomes on the anatomical and physiological variations in xenogeneic systems.

关键词： Acellularization Repopulation Drug testing Humanized liver Bioengineering

Global trend of publications in orthopaedics and sports medicine:1996-2021

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第6期27卷 368-371页

作者： raju Vaishya Abhishek Vaish Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery Indraprastha Apollo HospitalSarita ViharNew Delhi110076India

We studied the publication trend in the field of orthopaedics and sports medicine over the last 25 years(1996-2021),by various countries,and regions of the *** was an increasing trend in publications,across the *** of the Asian countries like China and India have shown a substantial growth in their research *** continent has contributed the most publications in the last 25 years,whereas the United States as a country has been on the top of the list of *** research-publications came from high-income countries and disproportionately less from low-and middle-income countries.

关键词： Publications Research Orthopedics Sports medicine Medicine

A review on the current status of Fe-Al based ferritic lightweight steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第8期26卷 1-22页

作者： Shivkumar Khaple Brahma raju Golla V.V.Satya Prasad Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory HyderabadIndia Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologyWarangalIndia

There is an ever-growing demand for lightweighting of steel for structural applications,particularly for automobile and transportation *** is mainly to improve the fuel efficiency,reduce the CO_(2) emissions and cater the increased passenger ***,the main focus is to reduce the density of the steel structure without affecting other *** can be achieved by down-gauging of the conventional steel by replacing the steel with higher strength,however,it is limited by dent resistance and ***,the novel idea is to reduce the density of the steel *** is well-known that addition of Al to steel reduces the density of the *** 1wt% of Al addition to steel can reduce the density by 1.3%,decreases the elastic modulus by 2% and it improves the strength by about 40 *** is a new class of low-density/lightweight steel with addition of about 6-9 wt% Al to *** of higher than 9 wt%of Al in steel leads to embrittlement issues due to ordering and environmental *** disordered Fe-Al lightweight steels have raised considerable interest due to their low-density,high ductility,costeffectiveness and feasibility for bulk *** low-density steels are envisaged in the development of an advanced lightweight ground transportation system,huge structures and also for certain defence applications and in thermal power plants.

关键词： Low-density steels Disordered FeeAl Thermo-mechanical processing Microstructure Properties Structure-property correlation

A model-based approximate λ-policy iteration approach to online evasive path planning and the video game ***-Man

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 391-399页

作者： Greg FODERARO Vikram raju Silvia FERRARI Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University

This paper presents a model-based approximate λ-policy iteration approach using temporal differences for optimizing paths online for a pursuit-evasion problem,where an agent must visit several target positions within a region of interest while simultaneously avoiding one or more actively pursuing *** method is relevant to applications,such as robotic path planning,mobile-sensor applications,and path *** methodology described utilizes cell decomposition to construct a decision tree and implements a temporal difference-based approximate λ-policy iteration to combine online learning with prior knowledge through modeling to achieve the objectives of minimizing the risk of being caught by an adversary and maximizing a reward associated with visiting target *** learning and frequent decision tree updates allow the algorithm to quickly adapt to unexpected movements by the adversaries or dynamic *** approach is illustrated through a modified version of the video game ***-Man,which is shown to be a benchmark example of the pursuit-evasion *** results show that the approach presented in this paper outperforms several other methods as well as most human players.

关键词： Approximate dynamic programming Reinforcement learning Path planning Pursuit evasion games

Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： B.Lavanya J.Girish kumar M.Jayachandra Babu C.S.K.raju Bander Almutairi Nehad Ali Shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efficiency *** is because entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-nofluids have already been shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to *** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-fluids by increasing the massflux and turbulence at the *** can be beneficial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,influencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is based on the Buongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be visualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenberg number increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to Brownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0

关键词： Thermal radiation BVP4C Stefan blowing Biot number Brownian motion Irreversibilit

Effect of wall temperature modulation on the heat transfer characteristics of droplet-train flow inside a rectangular microchannel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 685-697页

作者： Vivekanand S.V.B.,raju V.R.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India

The numerical studies of water–oil two-phase slug flow inside a two-dimensional vertical microchannel subjected to modulated wall temperature boundary conditions have been discussed in the present *** researchers have contributed their efforts in exploring the characteristics of Taylor flows inside microchannel under constant wall heat flux or isothermal wall ***,there is no study available in the literature which discusses the impact of modulated thermal wall boundary conditions on the heat transfer behavior of slug flows inside ***,to bridge this gap,an effort has been made to understand the heat transfer characteristics of the flow under sinusoidal wall temperature ***,a single phase flow and heat transfer study was performed in microchannels,and the results of the fully developed velocity profile and heat transfer rate were validated with benchmark analytical *** an optimal selection of the combination of sinusoidal thermal wall boundary conditions has been made for the two-phase slug flow ***,the effects of amplitude(0 bεb 0.03)and frequency(0 bωb 750πrad·s-1)of the sinusoidal wall temperature profile on the heat transfer have been studied using the optimal combination of the wall boundary *** results of the numerical study using modulated temperature conditions on channel walls showed a significant improvement in the heat transfer over liquid-only flow by approximately 50%as well as over two-phase flow without wall temperature *** non-dimensional temperature contours obtained for different cases of temperature modulation clearly explain the root cause of such improvement in the heat ***,the results based on the hydrodynamics of the flow have also been reported in terms of variation of droplet shapes and film *** influence of Capillary number on the film thickness as well as heat transfer rates has also been *** addition,the measured fil

关键词： Heat transfer Microchannel Modulation Surface tension Taylor flow

QoS Constrained Network Coding Technique to Data Transmission Using IoT

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第11期43卷 531-544页

作者： A.Sathishkumar T.Rammohan S.Sathish kumar J.Uma K.Srujan raju Aarti Sangwan M.Sivachitra M.Prabu Department of ECE The Kavery Engineering CollegeMecheri636453TamilnaduIndia Department of EEE Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India Department of EEE M.Kumarasamy College of EngineeringKarur639113India Department of Computer Science and Engineering CMR Technical CampusHyderabad501401India Department of CST Manav Rachna UniversityFaridabad121004India Department of EEE Kongu Engineering CollegePerundurai638060India Department of EEE Nandha Engineering CollegePerunduraiTamilnadu638052India

The research work presents,constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric *** charge fragmentation and charge splitting are two components of the filtered switch domino(FSD)*** behavior of selected switching is achieved using generator called conditional pulse generator which is employed in Multi Dynamic Node Domino(MDND)*** FSD and MDND technique need wide area compared to existing single nodekeeper domino *** aim of this research is to minimize dissipation of power and to achieve less consumption of *** proposed research,works by introducing the method namely Interference and throughput aware Optimized Multicast Routing Protocol(IT-OMRP).The main goal of this proposed research method is to introduce the system which can forward the data packets towards the destination securely and *** achieve the bandwidth and throughput in optimized data transmission,proposed multicast tree is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization which will select the most optimal host node as the branches of multi cast *** node selection is done by considering the objectives residual energy,residual bandwidth and *** node selection multi cast routing is done with the concern of interference to ensure the reliable and successful data *** case of transmission range size is higher than the coverage sense range,successful routing is ensured by selecting secondary host forwarders as a backup which will act as intermediate relay *** NS2 simulator is used to evaluate research outcome from which it is proved that the proposed technique tends to have increased packet delivery ratio than the existing work.

关键词： Multicast routing optimal node selection secondary relay nodes probability of interference residual energy bandwidth throughput

Application of geospatial modelling technique in delineation of fluoride contamination zones within Dwarka Basin, Birbhum, India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1105-1114页

作者： raju Thapa Srimanta Gupta D.V.Reddy Department of Environmental Science The University of Burdwan Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India

Dwarka River Basin is one of the fluoride affected river basin in Birbhum, West Bengal. In the present research work, various controlling factors for fluoride contamination in groundwater i.e., geology, aquifer type, groundwater table, soil, rainfall, geomorphology, drainage density, land use land cover, lineament and fault density, slope and elevation were considered to delineate the potential fluoride contamination zones within Dwarka River Basin in Birbhum. Assigning weights and ranks to various inputs factor class and their sub-class respectively was carried out on the basis of knowledge driven method. Weighted overlay analysis was carried out to generate the final potential fluoride contamination zones which are classified into two broad classes i.e., 'high' and 'low', and it is observed that major portion of the study area falls under low fluoride contamination category encompassing 88.61% of the total area which accounts for 759.48 km^2 and high fluoride contaminated region accounts for 11.40% of the total study area encompassing an area of about 97.67 km^2. Majority of high fluoride areas fall along the flood plain of Dwarka River Basin. Finally, for validation 197 reported points within Dwarka having fluoride in underground water are overlaid and an overall accuracy of 92.15% is observed. An accuracy of 83.21% and84.24% is obtained for success and prediction rate curve respectively.

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Weighted overlay method Potential fluoride contamination zone Dwarka Basin India