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汽车测试报告 2015年第11期 42-42页

作者： rainer w. schlegelmilch/getty

这张以勃兰登堡门为背景的照片相当有名。根据官方图片说明，这张照片摄于1989年11月，也就是柏林围墙倒下两天后。所以大家或会推断这是东德人为了逃离铁幕投奔繁荣而大举涌往西德的一幕。

关键词：档案 TG 照片

Translocator protein and neurodegeneration: insights from Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1090-1091页

作者： Arpit Kumar Pradhan rainer Rupprecht Gerhard Rammes Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München Klinikum rechts der IsarMunichGermany Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University RegensburgRegensburgGermany

The 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitochondrial homeostasis,cholesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and maintenance of mitochondrial health(Rupprecht et al.,2022,2023).TSPO is expressed in both peripheral organs and the central nervous system,w.th a more pronounced expression in tissues that produce *** main reason w.y TSPO has garnered so much attention is because it plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by transferring cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane,w.ich is the rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis.A cholesterol-recognizing amino acid consensus domain has been identified in the cytosolic C terminus of the TSPO protein by both in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis experiments(Li et al.,2001).How.ver,the role of TSPO in the process of neurosteroid synthesis has been challenged by several studies,particularly TSPO knockout models,w.ich suggest that TSPO removal does not affect the phenotype or the system’s viability(Tu et al.,2014).How.ver,ligands targeting TSPO have been show. to enhance levels of neurosteroids w.ich suggests that neurosteroidogenesis is one of the major functional roles mediated by the TSPO protein.

关键词： cholesterol organs

Friction betw.en a temperature dependent viscoelastic body and a rough surface

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Friction 2016年第1期4卷 50-64页

作者： rainer HEISE Institute for Mechanics Technische Universit(a)t Berlin Straβe des 17.Juni 135 Berlin D-10623 Germany

In this study, w. investigate the friction betw.en a one-dimensional elastomer and a one-dimensional rigid randomly rough surface. Special emphasis is laid on the temperature dependence of the elastomer and its effect on the frictional behavior of the contact. The elastomer is modeled as a Kelvin body in a one-dimensional substitute model in the spirit of the method of dimensionality reduction. The randomly rough surface is a self-affine one-dimensional fractal. w. provide a short discussion of a conical indenter pressed in a displacement controlled process into an elastomer. These analytical considerations are taken as a basis for the treatment of the randomly rough counter surface in contact to an elastomer w.th and w.thout temperature dependent viscosity. w. identify dimensionless quantities describing this process, introduce a thermal length scale, and give estimates for the coefficient of friction as function of velocity, indentation and thermal quantities.

关键词： elastomer friction temperature dependence coefficient of friction

Stochastic Differential Games w.th Reflection and Related Obstacle Problems for Isaacs Equations

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2011年第4期27卷 647-678页

作者： rainer BUCKDAHN Département de Mathématiques Université de Bretagne Occidentale6avenue Victor-le-GorgeuB.P.80929285 Brest cedexFrance Institute for Advanced Study Shangdong UniversityJinan 250100China

In this paper w. first investigate zero-sum tw.-player stochastic differential games w.th reflection, w.th the help of theory of Reflected Backw.rd Stochastic Differential Equations （RBSDEs）. w. w.ll establish the dynamic programming principle for the upper and the low.r value functions of this kind of stochastic differential games w.th reflection in a straightforw.rd w.y. Then the upper and the low.r value functions are proved to be the unique viscosity solutions to the associated upper and the low.r Hamilton-Jacobi-Bettman-Isaacs equations w.th obstacles, respectively. The method differs significantly from those used for control problems w.th reflection, w.th new.techniques developed of interest on its ow.. Further, w. also prove a new.estimate for RBSDEs being sharper than that in the paper of E1 Karoui, Kapoudjian, Pardoux, Peng and Quenez （1997）, w.ich turns out to be very useful because it allow. us to estimate the LP-distance of the solutions of tw. different RBSDEs by the p-th pow.r of the distance of the initial values of the driving forw.rd equations. w. also show.that the unique viscosity solution to the approximating Isaacs equation constructed by the penalization method converges to the viscosity solution of the Isaacs equation w.th obstacle.

关键词： stochastic differential games value function reflected backw.rd stochastic differential equations,dynamic programming principle Isaacs equations w.th obstacles viscosity solution

Influence of slant of objective on image formation in optical microscopes

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第8期6卷 603-606页

作者： rainer Kning Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschw.ig Bundesallee 10038116 BraunschweigGermany

A microscope image formation model based on scalar diffraction and Fourier optics has been developed, w.ich takes a slant angle betw.en the optical axis and the observed surface into account. The theoretical investigations of the imaging of line structures using this model show.that reflection type microscopes are much stronger influenced by the slant angle than transmission type microscopes. In addition, the slant angle changes the image contrast and the image shape of a line structure, especially its edge. The larger the slant angle, the stronger the decrease of the image contrast, and the less steep the edge slope in both types of microscopes. Furthermore, the larger the numerical aperture of the objective, the less the effect of the slant angle on the line image shape.

关键词： line this

Viscoelasticity and shear resistance at the aggregate scale of structured and organic carbon-free Chernozems

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 754-764页

作者： Christoph HAAS rainer HORN Philipp SAGGAU rainer DUTTMANN Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science University of KielKiel 24118Germany Department of Geography Division of Landscape Ecology and Geoinformation SciencesUniversity of KielKiel 24118Germany

Soil rheology characterises the flow.behaviour of soils at the particle-particle to aggregate *** sw.ep tests(ASTs)are often the method of choice for parameterizing soil flow.properties,such as the shear strain values at the end of the linear viscoelastic range(i.e.,the deformation is mainly elastic)and at the yield point(i.e.,elastic equals plastic deformation).Samples from seven soil profiles and five soil depths of Chernozems,collected in the Maidanetske study area,close to Uman City of Ukraine,w.re analysed to evaluate the effect of soil organic carbon(SOC)on the parameters related to soil microstructural stability derived from *** organic carbon w.s removed w.th H_(2)O_(2)to determine the soil texture-dependent values of soil rheological properties,w.ich w.re compared to the values determined for samples w.th intact w.ter-stable *** shear resistance-related parameters increased for aggregated soil samples compared to SOC-free soil samples,indicating an increase in soil stability due to *** contrast,the values of the overall viscoelasticity and the shear strain w.re reduced for aggregated soil samples,indicating decreased soil *** functions w.re applied to predict the shear strain-dependent loss and storage moduli and shear stress values as a function of SOC *** particles(630–2000μm)and volumetric w.ter content improved the *** conclude that increased SOC content,through the gluing and cementing effects of SOC and altered aggregate shapes compared to SOC-free soil materials,contributes to higher microstructural ***,the increased w.ter content in the SOC-containing soil samples reversed soil strengthening *** w.s due to the fact that a more rapid increase in positive w.ter pressure under shear stress w.akened the samples and the spherical aggregates began to rotate more easily,thus loosing energy,w.en compared to platy particles of the SOC-free soil materials.

关键词： aggregation rheology shear strain shear stress soil organic carbon depletion soil stability

Inf-convolution of G-expectations

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第8期53卷 1957-1970页

作者： BUCKDAHN rainer Laboratoire de Math'ematiques CNRS-UMR 6205Universite' de Bretagne Occidentale

In this paper w. w.ll discuss the optimal risk transfer problems w.en risk measures are generated by G-expectations,and w. present the relationship betw.en inf-convolution of G-expectations and the infconvolution of d... 详细信息

关键词： inf-convolution G-expectation G-normal distribution G-Brow.ian motion

Shock w.ve Smearing by Passive Control

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第1期15卷 43-47,42页

作者： Piotr DOERFFER Oskar SZULC rainer BOHNING IMP PAN Fiszera 14 PL-80 952 Gdansk Poland ISL Universitat Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

Normal shock w.ve, terminating a local supersonic area on an airfoil, limits its performance and becomes a source of high speed impulsive noise. It is proposed to use passive control to disintegrate the shock w.ve. Details of the flow.structure obtained by this method are studied numerically. A new.boundary condition has been developed and the results of its application are verified against experiments in a nozzle flow. The method of shock w.ve disintegration has been confirmed and detailed analysis of the flow.details is presented. The substitution of a shock w.ve by a gradual compression changes completely the source of the high speed impulsive noise and bears potential of its reduction.

关键词： transonic flow. shock w.ve boundary layer interaction passive control.

Insights into ligand expression heterogeneity across multiple cell types in the adult forebrain that regulates neural stem cell behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1369-1371页

作者： rainer Akkermann Kasum Azim Department of Neurology and Neuroregeneration Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

In the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), neural cell generation is restricted to tw. highly specialized germinal niches. These are the subventricular zone (SVZ) that borders the forebrain lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. In the case of the former niche, the SVZ gives rise daily to thousands of migratory neuroblasts that travel long distances to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream. Neural stem cells (NSCs) first engage through a sequence of activation phe no types and give rise to transiently amplifying progenitors (TAPs) that subsequently differentiate into neuroblasts. Once in the olfactory bulb, they generate phenotypically distinct neurons. Most of these constitute the interneuron class that is preferentially derived from the lateral portion of the SVZ, w.ilst a small proportion of projection neurons are also formed from the dorsal SVZ.

关键词： Insights ligand expression cell behavior

Biochar-Induced Changes in Soil Resilience:Effects of Soil Texture and Biochar Dosage

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 236-247页

作者： Ayodele Ebenezer AJAYI rainer HORN Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Technology 340252 Akure Ondo State (Nigeria) Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science CAU Kiel 24118 Kiel (Germany)

Biochars are, amongst other available amendment materials, considered as an attractive tool in agriculture for carbon sequestration and improvement of soil functions. The latter is w.dely discussed as a consequence of improved physical quality of the amended ***, the mechanisms for this improvement are still poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of w.odchip biochar amendment on micro-structural development, micro-and macro-structural stability, and resilience of tw. differently textured soils,fine sand(FS) and sandy loam(SL). Test substrates w.re prepared by adding 50 or 100 g kg^(-1) biochar to FS or SL. Total porosity and plant available w.ter w.re significantly increased in both soils. Moreover, compressive strength of the aggregates w.s significantly decreased w.en biochar amount w.s doubled. Mechanical resilience of the aggregates at both micro-and macro-scale w.s improved in the biochar-amended soils, impacting the cohesion and compressive behavior. A combination of these effects w.ll result in an improved pore structure and aeration. Consequently, the physicochemical environment for plants and microbes is improved. Furthermore, the improved stability properties w.ll result in better capacity of the biochar-amended soil to recover from the myriad of mechanical stresses imposed under arable systems, including vehicle traffic, to the w.ight of overburden soil. How.ver, it w.s noted that doubling the amendment rate did not in any case offer any remarkable additional improvement in these properties, suggesting a further need to investigate the optimal amendment rate.

关键词： aggregate stability amendment material compressive strength rheometry shear properties total porosity