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Seasonal Inhomogeneity of Soot Particles over the Central Indo-Gangetic Plains,India:Influence of Meteorology

Journal of Meteorological Research 2015年第6期29卷 935-949页

作者： SInGH b.P. TIWARI S. HOPKE Philip K. SInGH R.S. bISHT D.S. SRIVASTAVA A.K. SInGH R.K. DUMKA U.C. SInGH A.K. rai b.n. SRIVASTAVA Manoj K. Department of Geophysics Banaras Hindu University Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology(new Delhi branch) Clarkson University Department of Chemical Engineering Banaras Hindu University Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences Department of Physics Banaras Hindu University

black carb.n.bC） particles play a unique and important role in earth’s climate *** was measured（in-situ） in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Plains（IGP） at Varanasi,which is a highly populated and polluted region due to its topography and extensive emission *** annual mean bC mass concentration was 8.92 ± 7.0 μg m-3,with 34%of samples exceeding the average ***,bC was highest during the post-monsoon and winter periods（approximately 18 μg m-3） and lower in the premonsoon/monsoon seasons（approximately 6 μg m-3）.The highest frequency（approximately 46%） observed for bC mass was in the interval from 5 to 10 μg ***,during the post-monsoon season,the most common values（approximately 23%） were between 20 and 25 μg *** nighttime concentrations of bC were approximately twice as much as the daytime values because of lower boundary layer heights at *** Angstrom exponent was significantly positively correlated（0.55） with ground-level bC concentrations,indicating the impact of bC on the columnar aerosol *** estimated mean absorption Angstrom exponent was 1.02 ± 0.08 μg m-3,indicating that the major source of bC was from fossil fuel *** negative correlations between bC mass and meteorological parameters indicate a pronounced effect of atmospheric dynamics on the bC mass in this *** highest mean bC mass concentration（18.1 ± 6.9 μg m-3） as a function of wind speed was under calm wind conditions（38%of the time）.

关键词： black carbon Indo-Gangetic Plains absorption Angstr(o|¨)m exponent biomass fossil fuel

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Hydrogen production from dry reforming of methane,using CO_(2)previously chemisorbed in the Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 535-550页

作者： Yocelin b.González-González Fernando Plascencia-Hernández Rub.n.Mendoza-Cruz Heriberto Pfeiffer Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito exterior s/nCiudad UniversitariaDel.CoyoacánCP 04510CdMxMexico

Li_(6)ZnO_(4)was chemically modified by nickel addition,in order to develop different compositions of the solid solution Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)ni_(x)O_(4).These materials were evaluated bifunctionally;analyzing their CO_(2)capture performances,aswell as on their catalytic properties for H_(2)production via dry reforming of methane(DRM).The crystal structures of Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution samples were determined through X-ray diffraction,which confirmed the integration of nickel ions up to a concentration around 20 mol%,meanwhile beyond this value,a secondary phase was *** results were supported by XPS and TEM ***,dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analyses of CO_(2)capture revealed that Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution samples exhibited good CO_(2)chemisorption efficiencies,similarly to the pristine Li_(6)ZnO_(4)chemisorption trends ***,a kinetic analysis of CO_(2)isothermal chemisorptions,using the Avrami-Erofeev model,evidenced an increment of the constant rates as a function of the ni *** ni^(2+)ions incorporation did not reduce the CO_(2)capture efficiency and kinetics,the catalytic properties of thesematerialswere evaluated in the DRM *** demonstrated that nickel ions favored hydrogen(H_(2))production over the pristine Li_(6)ZnO_(4)phase,despite a second H2 production reaction was determined,methane ***,Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)ni_(x)O_(4)ceramics can be employed as bifunctional materials.

关键词： Dry reforming of methane(DRM) CO_(2)chemisorption H_(2)production Solid solution Li_(6)ZnO_(4)

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Unveiling urb.n.zation effects on trees outside forests along the urb.n.rural gradient in megacity b.n.aluru

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Forest Ecosystems 2025年第01期 56-65页

作者： Tao Jiang Maximilian Freudenberg Christoph Kleinn V.P.Tewari b.n.Diwakara nils n?lke Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Department Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University of G?ttingen Himalayan Forest Research Institute ICFRE Institute of Wood Science and Technology IWST

Rapid urb.n.zation has caused significant changes along the urb.n.rural gradient, leading to a variety of landscapes that are mainly shaped by human activities. This dynamic interplay also influences the distribution and characteristics of trees outside forests(TOF). Understanding the pattern of these trees will support informed decision-making in urb.n.planning, in conservation strategies, and altogether in sustainable land management practices in the urb.n.context. In this study, we employed a deep learning-based object detection model and high resolution satellite imagery to identify 1.3 million trees with bounding boxes within a 250 km2research transect spanning the urb.n.rural gradient of b.n.aluru, a megacity in Southern India. Additionally, we developed an allometric equation to estimate diameter at breast height(DbH) from the tree crown diameter(CD) derived from the detected bounding boxes. Our study focused on analyzing variations in tree density and tree size along this gradient. The findings revealed distinct patterns: the urb.n.domain displayed larger tree crown diameters(mean:8.87 m) and DbH(mean: 43.78 cm) but having relatively low tree density(32 trees per hectare). Furthermore,with increasing distance from the city center, tree density increased, while the mean tree crown diameter and mean tree basal area decreased, showing clear differences of tree density and size between the urb.n.and rural domains in b.n.aluru. This study offers an efficient methodology that helps generating instructive insights into the dynamics of TOF along the urb.n.rural gradient. This may inform urb.n.planning and management strategies for enhancing green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation in rapidly urb.n.zing cities like b.n.aluru.

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nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum biodiesel blends:Unleashing the Power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine Performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI Prasad b.RAMPURE Sunil Kumar SHETTY Madeva nAGARAL Channa Keshava nAIK n Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad AbDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MAnSOUR Shamshad ALAM KLE College of Engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi 590018KarnatakaIndia nitte(Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology(NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical EngineeringNitte 574110India Aircraft Research and Design Centre HALBangalore 560037KarnatakaIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagaviIndia Management and Science University Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh-11421Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in b20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest(RF)and Catboost)was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced brake Specific Fuel Consumption(bSFC)of 2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester biodiesel 20%+neat Diesel 80%(in volume),DSMEb20),57.14%less CO,40.8% less hydrocarb.n.and increased nO_(x)emissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** b20nP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced brake Thermal Efficiency(bTE)of 26.29% in 3×10^(-5)(in volume)Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticle-blended DSME b20 and other DSME b20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures(bTE,bSFC),and emissions(CO,CO_(2),nO_(x),Smoke)are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for bTE and bSFC shows that Catboost-based bTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO_(2)emission results.

关键词： Dairy Scum Methyl Ester biodiesel CI engine Al_(2)O_(3)concentration

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Determination of Heavy Metal Adsorption Capacity of Water Contaminated by Metallurgical Tailings Leaching Using Carbohydrates Derived from Solanum tuberosum

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2025年第1期15卷 31-46页

作者： Walther b. Aparicio-Aragón Salomon Ttito-León Marleni Y. Valencia-Pacho School of Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Altiplano National University Puno Peru

Water contamination in areas of formal and informal polymetallic mining is a growing concern in the Peruvian highlands. At the same time, there are agricultural activities that use contaminated water from these rivers for irrigation. This could contaminate the agricultural products grown on these lands, such as potatoes. It is, therefore, necessary and a priority to determine the adsorption characteristics of these derivatives and to be able to use these natural adsorb.n.s to decontaminate water contaminated with heavy metals.

关键词： Heavy Metals Adsorption Potato Derivatives Isotherm Polluted Water

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Petrogenetic significance of rare-earth element behavior in the basement rocks of southern Obudu Plateau, bamenda Massif, southeastern nigeria

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2005年第2期24卷 129-135页

作者： UKAEGbU V.U. EKWUEME b.n. Department of Geology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt NigeriaDepartment of Geology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria.

Rock samples representing various igneous and metamorphic rocks of southern Obudu Plateau were analyzed for rare-earth element (REE) behavior by ICP-MS. Results of the analyses indicate a range of REE ab.n.ances and distinctive patterns from highly fractionated patterns with negative Eu anomalies in granitic rocks to relatively low ab.n.ances and less REE fractionated flat patterns with little Eu anomaly in some paragneisses, schists, enderbites and dolerites to unfractionated patterns with positive Eu anomalies in some paragneisses and charnockites. Over all, there are low to high ∑REE contents with negative to positive Eu anomalies. The ratios of different parameters, especially La/Yb and Ce/Yb, show behaviors consistent with crustal to mantle derivation. The heterogeneity of REE ab.n.ances and REE patterns reflects mantle to crustal petrogenetic variations of different rock suites on the Plateau. The LREE content is higher than the HREE content in the highly differentiated rocks, as evidenced by their La/Yb, Ce/Yb and La/Sm ratios, which are normally higher in residual products than in primary melts. The dominantly intermediate nature of the source rock of the orthogneisses is suggested by the generally low {∑REE}. The granites enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and some of the charnockites with negative Eu anomalies were probably formed by partial melting and crystallization.

关键词：稀土元素地球化学丰度 Obudu高原变质岩

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Clpb chaperone as a promising target for antimicrobial therapy: A narrative review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2025年第1期15卷 1-10,I0001-I0007页

作者： Sachini J.Udari Sayoka Shamodhi Rumesh M.nelumdeniya Udayana Ranatunga nimesha n.Senadeera Chathuranga b.Ranaweera Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Allied Health SciencesGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence UniversityWerahera10718Sri Lanka Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence UniversityWerahera10718Sri Lanka Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ColomboColombo 0300300Sri Lanka

The Clp/Hsp100 family,part of the ATPase associated with various cellular activities(AAA+)superfamily,includes caseinolytic peptidase b(Clpb),a highly conserved protein found in bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and ***,Clpb is present in all ESKAPE pathogens:Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterobacter *** plays a crucial role in reactivating and disaggregating proteins,enabling pathogens to survive under host-induced stress and conferring thermotolerance to bacterial *** caused by ESKAPE pathogens are particularly challenging due to their resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics and biofilm formation,posing a significant global health threat as they are often multidrug-resistant,extensively drug-resistant,and *** its absence in human cells and its essential role in bacterial survival under stress,Clpb is a promising target for antimicrobial *** Hsp100 family proteins could lead to the development of novel antifungal and antiprotozoal *** review explores the function of Clpb in the survival of ESKAPE pathogens and the protozoan Plasmodium *** research findings were compiled using academic databases,and data analysis was performed using Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment and boxshade tools.

关键词： Molecular chaperone Clpb ESKAPE pathogens Thermotolerance Heat shock proteins Plasmodium falciparum

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Green synthesis of glycolic acid through the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid over black TiO_(2): An experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 544-556页

作者： Hugo Olvera-Vargas Oscar Andrés Jaramillo-Quintero Luis Darío Alarcón León Orlando Castro-Ocampo Christian A.Celaya Marina E.Rincón Jesús Muñiz Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(IER-UNAM)Priv.Xochicalco s/nCol.CentroTemixcoMorelos.CP 62580Mexico Centro de nanociencias y nanotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Km 107Carretera Tijuana-EnsenadaEnsenadaB.C.C.P.22800Mexico

Herein,we present the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid using black TiO_(2)as an *** acid is an ab.n.ant compound found in several sources of organic *** results showed a high selectivity of black TiO_(2)toward glycolic acid,with the formation of glyoxylic acid being the rate-limiting step (glyoxylic acid is the two-electron intermediate).The highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.6%±8.3% was achieved at 10.2 mA cm^(-2)in 4 h of electrolysis using an H-type cell operated at room temperature,with 50.2%±3.8% of oxalic acid conversion (degradation kinetic constant k=0.0042±0.0001 min-1),58.8%±7.0%of reaction yield and 1.2±0.18 g L-1of glycolic acid production.A theoretical model of black TiO_(2)coming from anatase TiO_(2)was implemented by introducing Ti3+defects,which gave black TiO_(2)the theoretical capability to easily transform oxalic acid into glycolic acid as experimentally *** reaction mechanism was supported and described in detail by density functional theory calculations,which revealed that surface Ti^(3+)states were the main catalytic *** is the first time that a detailed step-by-step mechanism at the atomic level has been proposed for this electrocatalytic reaction,which represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of this process of high energy/environmental *** is also the first time that black TiO_(2)has been used as an electrocatalyst for this sustainable process.

关键词： Chemical energy storage Electrochemical hydrogenation Density functional theory Renewable energy Oxalic acid

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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most ab.n.ant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this b.n.ry classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase b(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield b.n.ficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Atmospheric chemistry of trifluorodicarb.n.ls initiated by Cl atoms:Reactivity trends,mechanism,and acid formation yields

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 12-25页

作者： Pedro L.Lugo Vianni G.Straccia Cynthia b.Rivela Mariano A.Teruel María b.blanco Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire(L.U.Q.C.A) Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba(I.N.F.I.Q.C.)Dpto.de Fisicoquímica.Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba.Ciudad Universitaria5000 CórdobaArgentina Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research University of WuppertalDE-42097 WuppertalGermany

Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have been measured at(298±2)K and under atmospheric *** experiments were performed using the relative-rate method with a GC-FID detection *** different determinations and references used,the following rate coefficients were obtained(in cm3/(molecule·sec)):k_(4)(TFP+Cl)=(1.75±0.21)×10^(−10),k_(5)(TFH+Cl)=(2.05±0.23)×10^(−10),k_(6)(TFMH+Cl)=(2.71±0.34)×10^(−10).Reactivity trends of FDKs were discussed and Free Energy Relationships analysis was *** expression lgkOH=1.68 lgkCl+5.71 was obtained for the reactivity of the studied FDKs together with similar unsaturated VOCs with Cl and OH radicals Additionally,acetic acid(CH_(3)C(O)OH)and trifluoroacetic acid(CF_(3)C(O)OH)were positively identified and quantified as degradation products using in situ FTIR *** to the identified products,atmospheric chemical mechanisms were *** atmospheric implications of the studied reactions were assessed by the estimation of the tropospheric lifetimes of TFP,TFH,and TFMH concerning their reaction with Cl atoms to be 48,41,and 31 hours,*** relatively short residence in the atmosphere of the fluorocarb.n. studied will have a local/regional impact with restricted *** warming potential(GWP(20 yr))calculated for the studied fluoro diketones were 0.014,0.003 and 0.001 for TFP,TFH and TFMH,respectively with a negligible contribution to the greenhouse effect.

关键词： Fluorinated diketones Kinetics SPME-GC-FID FTIR in situ SAR Free energy relationships

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