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Influence of Choice of Structural System &In-Fill Masonry on the Embodied Energy &Cost of a Low-Rise Residential Urban-Building Indian Case Study

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2017年第1期6卷 41-60页

作者： B. N. Varsha S. raghunath Mangala Keshava Department of Civil Engineering BMS College of Engineering Bengaluru India

In the urban residential building stock, a major proportion is constituted by low-rise individual buildings. In addition to cost, quality and duration, energy consumed for the project needs to be accounted in the decision making process. Minimizing the cost of construction without compromising on the architectural and structural requirements is the primary objective of the residential buildings of stake-holders, especially the owners. The choice of structural system and the materials used for construction play a crucial role in this effort. This means that the use of expensive and/or voluminous materials such as cement, steel, masonry etc. is optimized. This could lead to significant reduction in embodied energy as well, if the choice of the structural system is prudently made. In this paper, an attempt has been made to quantify the cost and embodied energy benefits for a low-rise residential building by choosing two different structural systems, namely moment resisting framed (MRF) construction system and the partly load-bearing (PLB) system. The influence of choice of materials, contributing to reduction of cost and/or energy is discussed. It is clearly noticed that, when the structural system is re-configured as a PLB system from the existing MRF system there is significant reduction in cost and embodied energy without changing the architectural form.

关键词： Embodied Energy Initial Cost Structural System Masonry Alternatives Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Effects of nanotopography on stem cell phenotypes

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2009年第1期1卷 55-66页

作者： Rajeswari Ravichandran Clarisse CH Ng Casey K Chan Michael raghunath Seeram Ramakrishna Division of Bioengineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative National University of Singapore2 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of DentistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119074 Singapore Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119074Singapore Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine8 Medical DriveNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self renew indefinitely and differentiate into several somatic cells given the correct environmental *** the stem cell niche,stem cell-extracellular matrix(ECM)interactions are crucial for different cellular functions,such as adhesion,proliferation,and ***, in addition to chemical surface modifications,the importance of nanometric scale surface topography and roughness of biomaterials has increasingly becoming recognized as a crucial factor for cell survival and host tissue acceptance in synthetic *** review describes the influence of nanotopography on stem cell phenotypes.

关键词： Stem cells Nanofibers Nanotopography Biomaterials Extracellular matrix Differentiation

Common Fixed Point Theorems in Metric Space by Altering Distance Function

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2017年第6期7卷 335-344页

作者： Vishnu Narayan Mishra Balaji raghunath Wadkar Ramakant Bhardwaj Idrees A. Khan Basant Singh Applied Mathematics & Humanities Department S.V. National Institute of Technology Gujarat India Department of Mathematics Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Madhya Pradesh India Department of Mathematics AISECT University Bhopal India Department of Mathematics TIT Group of Institutes Anand Nagar India Department of Mathematics Integral University Lucknow India

In the present paper, we prove two theorems. In first theorem, we prove fixed point result for self-maps in the metric space under contractive condition of integral type by altering distance. In second result, we prove a unique common fixed point theorem by considering four sub compatible maps under a contractive condition of integral type.

关键词： Altering Distance Function Sub Compatible

Optimizing Aircraft Utilization for Herbicide Application by Evaluation of Herbicide Spray Drift in West Bank Berbice Guyana South America

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 727-752页

作者： Ramphal Chablall Ravindra Persaud raghunath Chandranauth Simon Chibi Gavindra Ramnarain Suresh Amichand Courtney Bullen Guyana Sugar Corporation Georgetown Guyana National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Georgetown Guyana Cuso International National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Georgetown Guyana Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals Control Board Georgetown Guyana Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Guyana Georgetown Guyana

Aerial herbicide drift caused mainly by weather and climatic conditions may be the most challenging problem facing farmers. Spray drift reaching off-target areas can destroy sensitive crops;pollute air and water resources thus causing serious health problems to humans and animals. Nonetheless, buffer zones of 500 meters are indicated to limit these negative impacts of spray drift. The Guyana Sugar Corporation controls weeds and ripens canes by aerial herbicide application. The corporation, in the 1990s, instituted 750-metre buffer zones, which greatly affected the optimization of aircraft use in herbicide application and ripening of cane. This study tested the utility of the 750-meters buffer zone on Rose Hall, Albion and Blairmont Sugar estates. The actual drift distances were determined within 06:00 hours and 09:00 hours for 9 herbicide applications. Drift patterns associated with the three 1- hour time periods were correlated with prevailing weather conditions to determine optimal flying periods for the locations. The droplets concentration per sensitive paper was collected for each period. It was noted that the drift is less with the distance from the field up to 510 m;thereafter the number of droplets was 2 or less per sensitive paper. The wind speed increases as time goes up, thus increasing the drift. The windward side is where 510 m were recorded to have droplets of 2 and nil at 510 m from the opposite side.

关键词： Herbicide Aircraft Drift Buffer Zones Sensitive Paper

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DSP在音频解码中的应用

中国集成电路 2003年第48期12卷 60-66页

作者： raghunath K.Rao DSP 系统及软件部

一.简介从上个世纪90年代以来,数字信号处理技术便逐步在消费类音频领域占据统治地位。起先数字信号处理器主要用于操作数字化的模拟音频信号。

关键词： DSP 音频解码数字信号处理器 A/V接收器瞬时性能心理声学压缩设计音频压缩自动检测系统稳健性

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消费音视频技术主导家庭娱乐多样化

电子设计技术 EDN CHINA 2004年第1期11卷 22-22,24页

作者： raghunath Rao Konstantinos Konstantinides Cirrus Logic 公司 Cirrus Logic 公司数字视频部

传统上家庭娱乐的核心装备是作为CD、录像机、电视和其它用于录制和输出设备的控制中枢的音频视频接收机(AVR).在过去的几年中,异军突起的DVD技术根本上改变了家庭娱乐.通过将超级视频性能与Hi-Fi多声道音频相结合,音频视频接收机的功能... 详细信息

传统上家庭娱乐的核心装备是作为CD、录像机、电视和其它用于录制和输出设备的控制中枢的音频视频接收机(AVR).在过去的几年中,异军突起的DVD技术根本上改变了家庭娱乐.通过将超级视频性能与Hi-Fi多声道音频相结合,音频视频接收机的功能因DVD技术的介入而大大增强,如今已成为家庭娱乐的核心.

关键词：家庭娱乐音频视频接收机视频刻录 DVD播放机系统集成

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音频解码中的DSP应用

电子产品世界 2003年第04B期10卷 39-41页

作者： raghunath K.Rao Cirrus Logic公司DSP系统及软件部

简介从二十世纪90年代以来，数字信号处理技术便逐步在消费音频领域占据统治地位。起先数字信号处理器主要用于操作数字化的模拟音频信号，也就是PCM(脉冲编码调制)数据以及PCM处理。在这个时期，拥有灵活软……

关键词：音频解码 DSP 字信号处理技术模拟音频信号脉冲编码调制 AC3测试稳态性能

Embodied Energy &Cost Issues of Tank-Bed-Lime Based Geopolymer Adobes

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2017年第3期6卷 128-139页

作者： T. K. Jyothi B. N. Varsha S. raghunath K. S. Jagadish Department of Civil Engineering Government Engineering College Ramanagara India BMS College of Engineering Bengaluru India Department of Civil Engineering BMS College of Engineering Bengaluru India Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India

It is well-known that a product or a system is sustainable if it is economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly. Load bearing masonry is one such example which is quite sustainable, especially if the masonry units are locally available. It is important to quantify the environmental benefits and cost, if an alternative to an existing technology is to be suggested. Of course the issues related to acceptance have to be discussed and addressed. This paper presents the quantification of embodied energy and cost of lime-pozzolana-cement (LPC) geopolymer based masonry units made using locally available bulk ingredients viz. tank-bed soil (TBS) and brick-powder (BP). The masonry adobe units developed have achieved the target performance in terms of strength, low water absorption and relative ease of production. Simultaneously the issues related to cost are also discussed in this paper. The studies have revealed that the bulk contributor to embodied energy and cost of geopolymer adobes are the alkaline materials viz sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. However, the embodied energy and cost per unit strength appears to be better than that of conventional table moulded bricks in south India, especially when alkaline solution at 2M concentration is used with LPC.

关键词： Geopolymer Bricks Embodied Energy Lime-Pozzolana Cement Cost

Laparoscopic management of remnant gall bladder with stones: Lessons from a tertiary care centre's experience

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 27-33页

作者： Gilbert Samuel Jebakumar Jeevanandham Muthiah Loganathan Jayapal R.Santhosh Kumar Siddhesh Tasgaonkar K.S.Santhosh Anand J.K.A.Jameel Sudeepta Kumar Swain K.J.raghunath Prasanna Kumar Reddy Tirupporur Govindaswamy Balachandar Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of General Surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of Minimal Access Surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India

Objective:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstone *** its success,approximately 10%of patients may experience persistent biliary symptoms,leading to the post-cholecystectomy syndrome.A remnant gallbladder with cystic duct or bile duct stones is one of the causes of this *** objective of this study was to shed light on the clinical manifestations,evaluation,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes associated with laparoscopic management of symptomatic remnant ***:This was a retrospective study,conducted over a five-year period(January 2017 to December 2022)at Apollo Hospitals in South *** patients who underwent laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for a remnant gall bladder were *** following data were collected:patient demographics,symptoms,preoperative investigations,intraoperative details and post operative ***:In total,36 patients were included and *** majority of patients were male(25,69.4%),with a mean age of 50.7±12.1 *** most common presentation was pain in the upper abdomen or right upper quadrant region(24,66.7%).The laparoscopic approach was attempted in all patients,with a success rate of 94.4%.Two patients required conversion to open *** fistula to the colon was observed in one *** was observed in 7 patients(19.4%),and stone clearance was successfully achieved using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in all patients ***:Incomplete gall bladder removal either intentionally or unintentionally leaves a remnant gall bladder that is at risk for stone formation and *** who have this clinical entity with symptoms require a redo or complete cholecystectomy,a complex procedure associated with certain *** study highlights the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for the management of remnant gallbladder

关键词： Remnant gall bladder Stump cholecystitis Subtotal cholecystectomy Laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy