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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 47-60页

作者： raghunath Hazra Amrita Kar Santanu Kar Mahapatra Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research CentreMidnapore City CollegeKuturiyaBhadutalaPaschim Medinipur-721129West BengalIndia

Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is a neglected tropical disease,and this review has summarized the current treatment scenario and its *** also highlights alternative approaches used by research groups in India and around the world to develop cutting-edge and potent anti-leishmanial *** though numerous medications could be utilized to treat VL,the limitations of current treatments including their toxicity,cost,route of administration,and duration of doses,have contributed to the emergence of *** therapy might be a better option due to its shorter duration,easier route of administration,and ability to extend the lifespan of individual ***,there is a risk of not delivering both the drugs to the target site together,which can be overcome by the liposomal entrapment of those drugs and at a time knock an opportunity to reduce the dosage of amphotericin B if the combination drug provides a synergistic effect with ***,this review presents a novel strategy to fight against VL by introducing dual drug-loaded liposomes.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis Liposomal anti-leishmanial drug Dual drug liposome

Development of processing maps for as-cast ZE41A magnesium alloy

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2010年第1期20卷 22-27页

作者： S. ANBU SELVAN S. RAMANATHAN R . KARTHIKEYAN B. K. raghunath Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences

The hot deformation behavior of as-cast ZE41A magnesium alloy was studied by employing both processing maps and microstructural observations. To obtain processing map, hot compression tests were performed over a range of strain rates (0.001-1.0 s-1) and temperatures (250-450 ℃). Power dissipation efficiency (η) and instability parameter [ξ (ε)] were evaluated and processing maps were developed for the strain of 0.5. The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and instable zones were identified and validated through micrographs. The processing maps can be used to select optimum strain rates and temperatures for effective hot working of the material.

关键词：加工图镁合金热加工温度热变形行为热压缩试验动态再结晶应变率微观结构

Macrophage polarization or repolarization in tuberculosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第10期17卷 435-444页

作者： Arijeet Samanta Sangita Maity raghunath Hazra Adithyan Jayaraman Santanu Kar Mahapatra Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research CentreMidnapore City CollegeKuturiyaBhadutalaPaschim Medinipur 721129West BengalIndia

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis remains a global public health *** the last few decades,anti-tubercular research mainly focused on mechanisms of identifying by which activated macrophages can slaughter or the proliferation of *** bacilli prevented in a cell-dependent *** this regard,for disease resolution,inflammatory cytokines are very ***,we demonstrate how macrophages act as the first line of defense against the *** have revealed a dual role in *** infection played by *** is worth mentioning that the macrophages are the crucial immune effector and antigen-presenting cells that play the anti-tubercular response,which is the habitat of ***,hence,followed by progressing the disease protecting *** dual role can be correlated with the different macrophage polarization statuses,namely,M1 and ***,we have stated how the several polarization conditions of macrophages are directly linked to the immune responses during host and *** pathogen *** have proposed that macrophage polarization and repolarization are of paramount significance for the anti-tubercular immune response that may involve a sterile cure of the *** article summarizes the immune response to ***,the polarization states of macrophages during *** and the repolarization of macrophages by some agents during some diseases including ***,which may be an important factor in the World Health Organization's target to cure tuberculosis by 2035.

关键词： Tuberculosis Macrophage polarization Effector responses Antitubercular immune response

Induction reheating of A356.2 aluminum alloy and thixocasting as automobile component

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2010年第S3期20卷 961-967页

作者： H.LAKSHMI M.C.VINAY KUMAR raghunath P.KUMAR V.RAMANARAYANAN K.S.S.MURTHY P.DUTTA National Facility for Semisolid Forming Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Science Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science

The development work for producing an automobile component by thixocasting using A356.2 alloy was *** the first step,the alloy was electromagnetically stirred and solidified to produce a billet with non-dendritic *** microstructure depended on several process parameters such as stirring intensity,stirring frequency,cooling rate,and melt initial *** a series of computational studies and controlled experiments,a set of process parameters were identified to produce the best *** of a billet with non-dendritic microstructure to a semisolid temperature was the next step for thixo-casting of the *** reheating process was characterized for various reheating cycles using a vertical-type reheating *** induction heating cycle was optimized to obtain a near-uniform temperature distribution in radial as well as axial direction of the billet,and the heating was continued until the liquid fraction reached about 50%.These parameters were determined with the help of a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model of die filling and solidification of the semisolid *** heated billets were subsequently thixo-cast into automobile components using a real-time controlled die casting *** results show that the castings are near net shape,free from porosity,good surface finish and have superior mechanical properties compared to those produced by conventional die casting processes using the same alloy.

关键词： aluminum alloy thixo-casting electromagnetic stirring induction reheating process parameters

Antioxidant and Phenolic Content of Nuts, Oil Seeds, Milk and Milk Products Commonly Consumed in India

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第5期2卷 422-427页

作者： Dande Sreeramulu Manchala raghunath Endocrinology and Metabolism Division National Institute of Nutrition Jamai Tarnaka Hyderabad India

Food provides not only essential nutrients required for life, but also bioactive compounds usefull to maintan good health and disease prevention. Abundant epidemiological evidences suggest that consumption of food rich in antioxi-dants (non-nutritional components) can prevent degenerative diseases. A total of 26 commonly consumed nuts, oil seeds, edible oils, milk and milk products were chosen for the study. Considering the fact that antioxidant content (AOC) and phenolic contents (PC) of these foods was not established systematically in Indian context. Therefore, we have assessed and correlated the AOC and PC, an important antioxidant constituents of plant foods. AOC was assessed by DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) scavenging activity and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods and phenolic content (PC), using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Among the nuts and oil seeds arecanut had the highest phenolic and antioxidant content 10841, 4220341 mg/100g respectively. In milk, edible oils and sugars the values ranged from 336 -11674 mg/100g. Jaggery had the highest PC and AOC among the foods studied . Although AOC and PC showed wide variation among the foods, AOC was correlated significantly with PC. Indeed the ‘r’ value between PC and AOC (DPPH and FRAP) was 0.99 (p < 0.01) among the nuts and oil seeds, while in milk, milk products and sugars, the “r” values ranged from 0.93 and 0.99 (p < 0.01) respectively. The overall results indicate that the phenolic compounds may be significant contributors to the AOC of the foods studied.

关键词： Antioxidant Content (AOC) 2 2’-Diphenyl -1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Polyphenols Phenolic Content (PC) 4 6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ).

萃取色谱法分离实际样品及伴生元素中的铂(Ⅳ)元素(英文)

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色谱 2009年第6期27卷 809-814页

作者： KOKATE Sudarshan Jagdish KUCHEKAR Shashikant raghunath P.G.Department of Analytical Chemistry Padmashri Vikhe Patil College Pravaranagar

The extraction behavior of platinum(Ⅳ) was studied with N-n-octylaniline as a function of different parameters,such as pH,concentrations of weak acids,mineral acids,reagents and elution time.A selective method was developed for the extraction chromatographic studies of platinum(Ⅳ) and its separation from several metal ions with N-n-octylaniline(liquid anion exchanger) as a stationary phase on silica *** quantitative extraction of platinum(Ⅳ) was observed with 0.067 mol/L N-n-octylaniline and 0.015 mol/L ascorbic acid at pH *** ion was stripped from the column with water and determined spectrophotometrically with stannous chloride *** proposed method is free from the interference of a large number of cations and ***(Ⅳ) was separated from pharmaceutical preparations,alloys and synthetic *** separation scheme was developed for platinum(Ⅳ),palladium(Ⅱ) and gold(Ⅲ).The log-log plot of N-n-octylaniline concentration versus the distribution ratio indicates that the probable extracted species is [RR′NH+2 ]· Pt(C6H7O6)-3.

关键词：化学色谱 DNA 元素

Chronic low vitamin intake potentiates cisplatin-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in WNIN rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第7期12卷 1078-1085页

作者： Bodiga Vijayalakshmi Boindala Sesikeran Putcha Udaykumar Subramaniam Kalyanasundaram Manchala raghunath Department of Pathology National Institute of NutritionIndian Council of Medical ResearchJamai OsmaniaHyderabad-500 007Andhra PradeshIndia National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences National Institute of NutritionJamai OsmaniaHyderabad-500 007Andhra PradeshIndia Endocrinology and Metabolism Division National Institute of NutritionIndian Council of Medical ResearchJamai OsmaniaHyderabad-500007 Andhra PradeshIndia

AIM： To investigate if cisplatin alters vitamin status and if VR modulates cisplatin induced intestinal apoptosis and oxidative stress in Wistar/NIN （WNIN） male rats.METHODS： Weanling, WNIN male rats （n = 12 per group） received adlibitum for 17 wk： control diet （20% protein） or the same with 50% vitamin restriction. They were then sub-divided into two groups of six rats each and administered cisplatin （2.61 mg/kg bodyweight） once a week for three wk or PBS （vehicle control）. Intestinal epithelial cell （IEC） apoptosis was monitored by morphometry, Annexin-V binding, M30 cytodeath assay and DNA fragmentation. Structural and functional integrity of the villus were assessed by villus height / crypt depth ratio and activities of alkaline phosphatase, lys, ala-dipeptidyl amino-peptidase, respectively. To assess the probable mechanism（s） of altered apoptosis, oxidative stress parameters, caspase-3 activity, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined.RESULTS： Cisplatin per se decreased plasma vitamin levels and they were the lowest in VR animals treated with cisplatin. As expected VR increased only villus apoptosis, whereas cisplatin increased stem cell apoptosis in the crypt. However, cisplatin treatment of VR rats increased apoptosis both in villus and crypt regions and was associated with higher levels of TBARS, protein carbonyls and caspase-3 activity, but lower GSH concentrations. VR induced decrease in Bcl-2 expression was further lowered by cisplatin. Bax expression, unaffected by VR was increased on cisplatin treatment. Mucosal functional integrity was severely compromised in cisplatin treated VR-rats.CONCLUSION： Low intake of vitamins increases the sensitivity of rats to cisplatin and promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.

关键词： Apoptosis Cisplatin Intestinal epithelium Mucosal integrity Oxidative stress Vitamins,

Study of some Indian medicinal plants by application of INAA and AAS techniques

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Natural Science 2010年第1期2卷 26-32页

作者： Ram Lokhande Pravin Singare Mahadeo Andhele raghunath Acharya 不详

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques were used to analyze 18 elements (K, Mn, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Br, Sm, Cl, La, Al, Cr, Ca Cd, Ni, Pb and Hg) in different medici-nal plants often used in Indian Ayurvedic system. The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor and the induced activities were counted by γ-ray spectrometry using efficiency calibrated high resolution High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Most of the medicinal plants were found to be rich in one or more of the ele-ments under study. The elemental concentra-tion in different part of medicinal plants and their biological effects on human beings are discussed.

关键词： Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Medicinal Plants Trace Elemental Analysis Inter-Elemental Correlations

Evaluation of Five Hybrid Watermelon Varieties for Cultivation and Performance in Coastal Guyana South America

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 538-545页

作者： Rebecca Narine raghunath Chandranauth Simon Chibi Oudho Homenauth National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Ministry of Agriculture Georgetown Guyana Cuso International-National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Ministry of Agriculture Georgetown Guyana

The study evaluated new watermelon varieties grown in Guyana (Bonta, Sugar Doll, Santa Matilde, Delta and Sentinel) for sustainability under local conditions. The trial was conducted at Mahaica using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replicates. Data was collected on seedling emergence, flowering, fruiting and harvesting time. Data was also collected to create plant descriptors, according to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, for the new varieties. Average production was recorded at 54,857.6 Kg/ha, 76,387 Kg /ha, 56,940.8 Kg/ha, 65,968 Kg/ha and 22,915.2 Kg/ha for Santa Matilde, Delta, Bonta, Sentinel and Mickylee, respectively. All varieties began flowering at the same time, however, Bonta and Mickylee were the first to produce fruits. Bonta and Mickylee were also harvested at the same time (73 days after germination). Delta had the seeds with more width (6.3 mm) while Santa Matilde had the longest seeds (9.4 mm). Average brix for Santa Matilde, Delta, Bonta, Sentinel and Mickylee were 10.8, 7.9, 8.2, 6.9 and 10.4 respectively. Mickylee and Bonta had ovaries with the same average circumference of 4.5 cm while Delta had the average longest ovary with 2.5 cm. Sentinel had the average thickest stem (9.8 mm), broadest (19.1 cm) and longest (22.1 cm) leaf. Bonta had the average longest petiole (11.4 cm) and Delta had the longest fruits (51.6 cm). Bonta could be a suitable replacement for Mickylee since there is no significant difference between the time of harvest.

关键词： Watermelon Diversification Evaluation New Cultivars Bonta

Evaluating Two Varieties of Sweet Pepper Using Different Nutrient Sources to Increase Productivity

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 751-766页

作者： Rameshwar Raghunauth raghunath Chandranauth Zareefa Bacchus Simon Chibi Jagnarine Singh National Agriculture and Research Institute (NAREI) Georgetown Guyana Agriculture Management Department Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Gweru Zimbabwe

This experiment aims to increase sweet pepper production sustainably by using manures and a combination of manure and fertilizer. Manures are well known to improve soil health and maintain crop production for a relatively long period. This study was conducted under a tunnel house at the National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute at Mon Repos East Coast Demerara, Guyana. Plots were arranged according to strip plot design with two treatments (Aristotle and Sunsation), four rates (R1: 0 g/plant), (R2: 350 kg NPK/ha + 10 t vermicompost/ha), (R3: 10 t poultry manure/ha + 10 t vermicompost/ha and (R4: 350 kg NPK/ha + 10 t poultry manure/ha) and replicated thrice. These nutrients were applied in a split application at four weeks before planting, and four, eight, and twelve-week intervals after planting. The varieties did not differ from one another for the vegetative parameters tested. Plants treated with Rate 2 achieved significantly better growth parameters such as plant height, plant spread, and number of branches than the other rates. Sunsation obtained a significantly higher yield of 21.4 t/ha at the 5% level as compared to Aristotle (19.9 t/ha). The various rates recorded significant differences in yield. Rate 2 obtained a significantly higher yield of 32.8 t/ha followed by Rate 4 with 24.9 t/ha, then Rate 3 (17.0 t/ha). The lowest yield of 7.8 t/ha was attained by Rate 1. The interaction of varieties and rates showed statistically significant differences in yield. The interaction of Sunsation and Aristotle with Rate 2 achieved a superior yield of 34.8 t/ha and 30.7 t/ha respectively than other rates. Rate 4 also obtained significant interaction with Sunsation and Aristotle to achieve a yield of 25.7 t/ha and 24.1 t/ha respectively than Rate 3. Rate 3 interacted significantly with Sunsation and Aristotle and obtained a yield of 16.5 t/ha and 17.5 t/ha compared to Rate 1. Rate 1 achieved the least interaction for both varieties tested. Rates differed signi

关键词： Variety Manure Fertilizer Yield and Interaction