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Buck Converter Current Measurement Using Differential Amplifier

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1387-1402页

作者： P.rajeswari V.Manikandan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641014India

The accuracy of the measured current is a preeminent parameter for Current Control based Power Converter applications to ensure genuine operation of the designed *** current measurement accuracy can be affected by several parameters which includes the type of technology used,components used for the selected technology,aging,usage,operating and environmental *** effect of gain resistors and their manufacturing tolerances on differential ampliﬁer-based buck converter current measurement is investigated in this *** analysis mainly focused on the output voltage variation and its accuracy with respect to the change in gain resistance *** gain resistors with 5%,1%,0.5%and 0.1%manufacturing tolerances taken for the worst-case analysis and the calculated performance results are compared and veriﬁed with the simula-tion *** Operational ampliﬁers(Op-Amp)for high frequency power con-verter applications must operate in a high frequency noise environment and the intended current measuring system must manage common mode noise distur-bances paired with the signal to be *** on the Common Mode rejec-tion ratio(CMrr)the common mode voltages and noise signals will effectively getﬁltered *** CMrr results in lower common mode signal rejection,resulting in poor precision and noise *** differential ampliﬁers,the CMrr predominantly depends on gain ***,the variations in Common Mode rejection ratio due to gain resistor tolerances also analyzed and compared with the output voltage *** the effects of resistor tolerances,this paper also examines the effect of Op-Amp offset voltage on output accuracy spe-ciﬁcally for low magnitude input *** obtained results from this analysis clearly shows that the gain resistors with 0.1%tolerance gives maximum accuracy with improved CMrr and accuracy at low magnitude input currents will get well improved by using Op-Amps with Low Offset voltage speciﬁcation

关键词： Buck converter common mode rejection ratio common mode gain current sensing differential ampliﬁer differential mode gain shunt resistor

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DEM analysis of the influence of stirrer design on die filling with forced powder feeding

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 107-115页

作者： Chao Zheng Edward Yost Ariel r.Muliadi Nicolin Govender Ling Zhang Chuan-Yu Wu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom Small Molecule Pharmaceutics GenentechInc.One DNA WaySouth San FranciscoCA94080USA

Die filling is a critical stage during powder compaction,which can significantly affect the product quality and *** this paper,a forced feeder is introduced attempting to improve the filling performance of a lab-scale die filling *** die filling process is analysed with a graphics processing units(GPU)enhanced discrete element method(DEM).Various stirrer designs are assessed for a wide range of process settings(i.e.,stirrer speed,filling speed)to explore their influence on the die filling performance of free-flowing *** results show that die filing with the novel helical-ribbon(i.e.,type D)stirrer design exhibits the highest filling ratio,implying that it is the most robust stirrer design for the feeder configuration ***,die filling performance with the type D stirrer design is a function of the stirrer speed and the filling speed.A positive variation of filling ratio(ηf>0%)can be ensured over the whole range of filling speed by adjusting the stirrer speed(i.e.,increasing the stirrer speed).The approach used in this study can not only help understand how the stirrer design affects the die filling performance but also guide the optimization of feeder system and process settings.

关键词： Discrete element method Die filling Forced feeding Stirrer design GPU computing

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Identification of earthquake induced structural damage based on synchroextracting transform

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 475-487页

作者： roshan Kumar Gaurav Kumar Wei Zhao Arvind r Yadav Gang Yu Jayendra Kumar Evans Amponsah Department of Electronic and Information Technology Miami College of Henan UniversityHenan 475004China Alliance University Alliance College of Engineering and DesignBanglore 562106India Department of Electronics and Comm Parul UniversityVadodra 391760India School of Electrical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Department of Electronics and Comm NIT JamshedpurJamshedpur 831014India Department of Civil engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 10959Ghana

Several popular time-frequency techniques,including the Wigner-Ville distribution,smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution,wavelet transform,synchrosqueezing transform,Hilbert-Huang transform,and Gabor-Wigner transform,are investigated to determine how well they can identify damage to *** this work,a synchroextracting transform(SET)based on the short-time Fourier transform is proposed for estimating post-earthquake structural *** performance of SET for artificially generated signals and actual earthquake signals is examined with existing *** other tested techniques,SET improves frequency resolution to a great extent by lowering the influence of smearing along the time-frequency ***,interpretation and readability with the proposed method are improved,and small changes in the time-varying frequency characteristics of the damaged buildings are easily detected through the SET method.

关键词： cross-term damage detection earthquake signal synchroextracting transform time-frequency

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Uncovering Microstructure-Property relationship in Ni-Alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-C Low-Density Steel Treated by Hot-rolling and Air-Cooling Process

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第4期37卷 713-725页

作者： Xiaoliang Jia Guhui Gao Xiaolu Gui Chun Feng r.D.K.Misra Bingzhe Bai School of Mechanical Electronicand Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China CNPC Tubular Goods research Institute Xi’an710077China Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel research University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX79968-0521USA School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper focuses on the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density high-strength steel processes by hot-rolling and air-cooling process. The microstructure analysis reveals that the combination of hot-rolling and air-cooling results in the formation of heterogeneous structures comprising different-sized γ and B_(2) phases in the low-density steel with the addition of nickel (Ni). The addition of Ni promotes the formation of the B_(2) phase and induces the pinning of B_(2) phase particles at the γ grain boundaries. This pinning effect effectively hinders the growth of the γ grains, leading to grain refinement. The tensile test results demonstrate that LDS-5Ni (low-density steel, LDS) exhibits excellent high strength and ductility combination, e.g., a tensile strength of 1535 MPa, yield strength of 1482 MPa, and elongation of 23.3%. These remarkable mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the combined strengthening contributions of grain refinement and duplex nano-sized second-phase precipitation hardening.

关键词： Low-density steel Microstructure B_(2)phase κ-Carbide Tensile properties

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Priority Based Energy Efficient MAC Protocol by Varying Data ratefor Wireless Body Area Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 395-411页

作者： r.Sangeetha Usha Devi Gandhi School of Information Technology and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil Nadu632014India

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human *** is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor human physical parameters such as temperature,blood pressure,pulse rate,oxygen level,body motion,and so *** sense the data and communicate it to the Body Area Network(BAN)*** main challenge for the WBAN is energy *** issues can be addressed by implementing an effective Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol that reduces energy consumption and increases network *** purpose of the study is to minimize the energy consumption and minimize the delay using IEEE 802.15.4 *** our proposed work,if any critical events have occurred the proposed work is to classify and prioritize the *** gave priority to the highly critical data to get the Guarantee Tine Slots(GTS)in IEEE 802.15.4 standard superframe to achieve greater energy *** proposed MAC provides higher data rates for critical data based on the history and current condition and also provides the best reliable service to high critical data and critical data by predicting node *** an outcome,we proposed a MAC protocol for Variable Data rates(MVDr).When compared to existing MAC protocols,the MVDr performed very well with low energy intake,less interruption,and an enhanced packet-sharing ratio.

关键词： Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) IEEE 802.15.4 energy efficiency MAC protocol ZigBee

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Hydrodynamic function and spring constant calibration of FluidFM micropipette cantilevers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 277-286页

作者： Attila Bonyár Ágoston G.Nagy Hans Gunstheimer Gotthold Fläschner robert Horvath Department of Electronics Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary Nanobiosensorics Laboratory Institute of Technical Physics and Materials ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchHUN-RENBudapestHungary Nanosurf AG Gräubernstrasse 12CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerland

Fluidic force microscopy(FluidFM)fuses the force sensitivity of atomic force microscopy with the manipulation capabilities of microfluidics by using microfabricated cantilevers with embedded fluidic *** innovation initiated new research and development directions in biology,biophysics,and material *** acquire reliable and reproducible data,the calibration of the force sensor is ***,the hollow FluidFM cantilevers contain a row of parallel pillars inside a rectangular *** precise spring constant calibration of the internally structured cantilever is far from trivial,and existing methods generally assume simplifications that are not applicable to these special types of *** addition,the Sader method,which is currently implemented by the FluidFM community,relies on the precise measurement of the quality factor,which renders the calibration of the spring constant sensitive to *** this study,the hydrodynamic function of these special types of hollow cantilevers was experimentally determined with different *** on the hydrodynamic function,a novel spring constant calibration method was adapted,which relied only on the two resonance frequencies of the cantilever,measured in air and in a *** on these results,our proposed method can be successfully used for the reliable,noise-free calibration of hollow FluidFM cantilevers.

关键词： spring cantilever function

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SnrK1a1, a new player in the sucrose-Opaque2 network during endosperm filling

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1172-1174页

作者： Kelly Mayrink Balmant Marcio F.r.resende Jr. Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Maize(Zea mays)endosperm is an important food source for humans and *** addition,it is considered an excellent model for research on seed development because of its relatively large size for both embryo and endosperm compared to those of other crop species,such as rice(Oryza sativa)and wheat(Triticum aestivum).After double fertilization,early maize endosperm development includes three stages:(i)a multinucleate coenocyte stage;(i)a cellularization stage,in which the cellular endosperm is formed;and(ii)a stage of differentiation into distinct *** early differentiation,four major cell types with specific functions differentiate within the endosperm:starchy endosperm,aleurone layer,basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL),and embryo surrounding *** subaleurone,conducting zone,basal intermediate zone,and endosperm adjacent to scutellum arise in late differentiation(Sabelli and Larkins 2009).After the main cell types are established,maize endosperm undergoes intensive cell proliferation,which marks the transition to the endosperm-filling *** the endosperm-flling stage,the maternal sucrose products are transported to seeds through the BETL region,where they will act as the main carbon substrate for storage products such as starch and proteins(Chen et al.,2023).In fact,the endosperm of maize seeds accounts for approximately 90%of the total grain weight,serving as an important nutrient reservoir(Flint-Garcia et al.,2009).

关键词： endosperm reservoir Flint

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Data Secure Storage Mechanism for IIoT Based on Blockchain

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4029-4048页

作者： Jin Wang Guoshu Huang r.Simon Sherratt Ding Huang Jia Ni School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China School of Computer&Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha410004China School of Systems Engineering The University of ReadingReadingRG66AYUK School of Computer Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

With the development of Industry 4.0 and big data technology,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is hampered by inherent issues such as privacy,security,and fault tolerance,which pose certain challenges to the rapid development of *** technology has immutability,decentralization,and autonomy,which can greatly improve the inherent defects of the *** the traditional blockchain,data is stored in a Merkle *** data continues to grow,the scale of proofs used to validate it grows,threatening the efficiency,security,and reliability of blockchain-based ***,this paper first analyzes the inefficiency of the traditional blockchain structure in verifying the integrity and correctness of *** solve this problem,a new Vector Commitment(VC)structure,Partition Vector Commitment(PVC),is proposed by improving the traditional VC ***,this paper uses PVC instead of the Merkle tree to store big data generated by *** can improve the efficiency of traditional VC in the process of commitment and ***,this paper uses PVC to build a blockchain-based IIoT data security storage mechanism and carries out a comparative analysis of *** mechanism can greatly reduce communication loss and maximize the rational use of storage space,which is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of blockchain-based IIoT.

关键词： Blockchain IIoT data storage cryptographic commitment

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Magnetohydrodynamics bio-convection flow at Casson fluid stagnation point in porous medium:Cross-diffusion effect and heat production

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Propulsion and Power research 2024年第3期13卷 445-457页

作者： Snehal Patel Harshad r.Patel Gujarat Technological University AhmedabadGujaratIndia Department of Mathematics U V Patel College of EngineeringGanpat UniversityMahesanaIndia

This study examines the effect of heat production and radiation absorption on the magnetohydrodynamic Cassonfluidflow at the stagnation point in a porous *** convert the group offluidflow equations,which are non-linear partial differential equations with suitable boundary constraints,into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity *** homotopy analysis method(HAM)solves the converted system of ordinary differential *** draw graphs for numerous values of non-dimensional pa-rameters and tables of surface drag force,rates of heat transfer,and mass transfer to analyze the relationship between velocityfield,temperaturefield,concentrationfield,and other essential parameters involved in the *** have proven that the Dufour number,radiation parameter,and heat generation parameter elevate thefluid temperature,whereas the magnetic parameter lowers *** Cassonfluid parameter,buoyancy force parameter,and mixed convection param-eter all promotefluid movement throughout *** presented tabular data allows us to see the trend of heat and mass transfer rates,as well as drag force rates,against important parameters,enhancing our understanding of these rates.

关键词： Cassonfluid Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) Stagnation pointflow Thermal radiation Heat source/sink Soret effect

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Synthesis and characterization of nanocarbon from waste batteries via an eco-friendly method

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 197-208页

作者： Maraim Kh.Uoda Hussein Q.Hussein rana r.Jalil Chemical Engineering Department College of EngineeringUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq Thi.Qar Oil Company NassriyaIraq Petroleum research and Development Center BaghdadIraq

The widespread use of disposable batteries to power common electronic devices is a major source of *** are growing environmental and health concerns due to the expansion of e-waste around the ***,developing a reli-able system for recycling old batteries has reached the top of the recycling priority *** current study presents a novel approach to synthesis carbon nanoparticles(CNPs)from spent batteries via an eco-friendly method that offers economical,environment-friendly,and nontoxic approaches in comparison to conventional chemical *** synthesized nano-particles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX),powder X-ray diffractometry(XrD),UV-VIS absorption analysis(UV),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-Ir),Atomic force microscope(AFM),and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA).The average diameter of the synthesized particles was 40.16 nm,and the particles tended to be aspherical in *** analysis also predicted the presence of pure carbon,with some contamination arrived at 15%(in weight).This is a novel study in which nanocarbons were synthesized in a brine(7600x10-6)from a target(CNPs>75 nm),which paves the way for future use of CNPs derived from spent batteries and helps the environment by decreasing the amount of electronic waste dumped in landfills.

关键词： Novel Zn-C battery Carbon nanoparticles Characterization Eco-friendly methods

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