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Effects of essential oils on economically important characteristics of ruminant species:A comprehensive review

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Cara Wessels wells MicroBios Inc.HoustonUnited States

Essential oils derived from plants can provide biological impacts to livestock *** studies researching essential oils in livestock have investigated various essential oils for prevention and treatment of microbial infection and parasites as well as to enhance milk production,animal performance and rumen *** the availability of several commercial products containing essential oils to promote animal health and production,the vast amount of essential oils,modes of application,and effective concentrations of the essential oils suggest there are more opportunities for essential oils to be utilized in commercial livestock production and veterinary *** objective of this review is to contribute to the understanding of the value that essential oils can provide to the ruminant diet and to examine the biological impact of various essential oils on economically important production traits of ruminant species.

关键词： Essential oils ruminant diet Non-antibiotic therapy

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: A systematic review of aetiology and mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5634-5644页

作者： Cameron I wells Gregory O’Grady Ian p Bissett Department of Surgery University of Auckland Department of Surgery Auckland District Health Board

To critically review the literature addressing the definition, epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACpO). METHODSA systematic search was performed to identify articles investigating the aetiology and pathophysiology of ACpO. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was undertaken. rESULTSNo consistent approach to the definition or reporting of ACpO has been developed, which has led to overlapping investigation with other conditions. A vast array of risk factors has been identified, supporting a multifactorial aetiology. The pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, but are likely related to altered autonomic regulation of colonic motility, in the setting of other predisposing factors. CONCLUSIONFuture research should aim to establish a clear and consistent definition of ACpO, and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to altered colonic function. An improved understanding of the aetiology of ACpO may facilitate the development of targeted strategies for its prevention and treatment.

关键词： Acute colonic pseudoobstruction Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction Colonic Intestinal pseudo obstruction Ogilvie’s syndrome pseudo-Obstruction pseudo-Obstruction

Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 262-269页

作者： Alan J. Mccue Jura Aponaviciute richard p.K. wells James A. Anderson Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Abcrdccn UK Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group School of Engineering University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK

The addition of Au as a promoter/modifier for alumina supported Co catalyst has been studied by combined in-situ high temperature, high pressure Fourier transform infrared （FTIr） and on-line gas chromatography. The combination of these tools permitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction products during the first 5-7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/ A1203 and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/A1203. Samples were characterised before use using raman and temperature programmed reduction （Tpr）. During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIr and the nature and amount of these species were assessed in terms of CH2/CH3 ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by employing absorption coefficients for the individual components. The nature and reducibility of the Co particles were modified by the presence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/ H2 balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic phases.

关键词： gold modified catalyst conversion of synthesis gas

The “pAWpEr-on-a-page”: Increasing global access to a low-cost weight estimation system

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mike wells Lara Nicole Goldstein Division of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand

BACKGrOUND: The pAWpEr tape is one of the most accurate weight estimation systems available today, but international access to the tape is limited because it has no commercial distribution. For this reason, the "pAWpEr-on-a-page" concept was devised: downloadable image fi les that allow users to print and assemble their own tapes. However, the feasibility of this method is dependent on users being able to produce accurate tapes. This study was devised to determine whether untrained participants could print and assemble the "pAWpEr-on-a-page" easily and ***: Doctor and nurse volunteers downloaded the "pAWpEr-on-a-page" and "pAWpEr XL-on-a-page" image files and printed copies on a home-printer and also at a commercial printer. One copy of each tape was then assembled according to instructions from an online video. The accuracy of printing and assembly, the time taken for assembly and the cost were then ***: There were 32 participants. The median time for assembly was 8 minutes 19 seconds and 7 minutes 31 seconds for the "pAWpEr-on-a-page" and "pAWpEr XL-on-a-page" respectively, with a median cost of USD 0.09 and USD 1.00 respectively. For the assembled tapes, 71.9% of the "pAWpEr-on-a-page" tapes and 65.6% of the "pAWpEr XL-on-a-page" achieved the required accuracy of 0.2%. printing errors, related to scaling, were common, but easily ***: The "pAWpEr-on-a-page" system can be easily, quickly, affordably and accurately printed and assembled by end users. Stringent double checking of the printed and fully assembled tapes is essential to ensure accuracy.

关键词： pAWpEr tape Weight estimation paediatric emergency care

Methanol oxidation over shell-core MOx/Fe2O3（M = Mo, V, Nb） catalysts

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2019年第11期40卷 1686-1692页

作者： pip Hellier peter p. wells Michael Bowker UK Catalysis Hub Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell UK School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff UK School of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton UK Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK

We present a comparison of Mo, V and Nb oxides as shell materials atop haematite cores used for selective methanol oxidation. While Mo and V both yield high selectivity to formaldehyde, Nb does not. Very different reactivity patterns are seen for Nb, which mainly shows dehydrogenation (to CO) and dehydration (to DME), indicating the lack of a complete shell, while raman spectroscopy shows that the Mo and V formation process is not followed by NbOx. We suggest this is due to the large differences in mobility within the solid materials during formation, NbOx requiring significantly higher (and deleterious) calcination temperatures to allow sufficient mobility for shell completion.

关键词： Methanol Oxidation Formaldehyde Iron molybdate Shell-core catalyst

Interfacial Strategies for Smart Slippery Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 633-643页

作者： Glen McHale rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar Gary George wells Smart Materials&Surfaces Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK

The problem of contact line pinning on surfaces is pervasive and contributes to problems from ring stains to ice *** we provide a single conceptual framework for interfacial strategies encompassing five strategies for modifying the solid-liquid interface to remove pinning and increase droplet *** biomimetic strategies are included,(i)reducing the liquid-solid interfacial area inspired by the Lotus effect,(ii)converting the liquid-solid contact to a solid-solid contact by the formation of a liquid marble inspired by how galling aphids remove honeydew,and(iii)converting the liquid-solid interface to a liquid-lubricant contact by the use of a lubricant impregnated surface inspired by the Nepenthes pitcher *** further strategies are,(iv)converting the liquid-solid contact to a liquid-vapor contact by using the Leidenfrost effect,and(v)converting the contact to a liquid-liquid-like contact using slippery omniphobic covalent attachment of a liquid-like coating(SOCAL).Using these approaches,we explain how surfaces can be designed to have smart functionality whilst retaining the mobility of contact lines and ***,we show how droplets can evaporate at constant contact angle,be positioned using a Cheerios effect,transported by boundary reconfiguration in an energy invariant manner,and drive the rotation of solid components in a Leidenfrost heat *** conceptual framework enables the rationale design of surfaces which are slippery to liquids and is relevant to a diverse range of applications.

关键词： superhydrophobicity SLIpS liquid marbles leidenfrost SOCAL

Keap1 eye on the target:chemoprevention of liver cancer

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Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1331-1342页

作者： Melinda Sue YATES Thomas wells KENSLEr Department of pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Department of pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland 21205USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide,causing nearly 600 000 deaths each *** risk of HCC due to chronicinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to dietary aflatoxins is respon-sible for many of these *** strategies targeting HBV infection andaflatoxin exposure could dramatically impact the rates of *** HBVvaccination programs have begun in some high-risk *** to reduceaflatoxin contamination in food stores have also been ***,complete elimination of aflatoxin contamination might not be *** thisreason,chemoprevention strategies which alter aflatoxin disposition are a practi-cal strategy to reduce the incidence of HCC in populations with high dietaryaflatoxin *** mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesisare well *** knowledge provides the basis for evaluation of both expo-sures to aflatoxin,as well as modulation of aflatoxin disposition by *** of aflatoxin DNA damage and toxicity as well as other metabo-lites can be used as biomarkers to evaluate modulation of aflatoxin *** of aflatoxin disposition can be achieved through induction of conju-gating and cytoprotective *** of these enzymes are regulated throughKelch ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-antioxi-dant response element (ArE) signaling,making this pathway an important mo-lecular target for *** studies have identified several classesof chemopreventive agents which induce cytoprotective *** inducersinclude phenolic antioxidants,dithiolethiones,isothiocyanates,and ***,clinical interventions have shown that inducers of Keap 1-Nrf2-ArE signaling increase cytoprotective enzyme expression,resulting in modula-tion of aflatoxin *** work remains to be done in order to takepromising chemopreventive agents from preclinical evaluation to

关键词： chemoprevention Kelch ECH associating protein 1 Nrf2 sulforaphane oltipraz triterpenoids dithiolethiones hepatocellular carcinoma

Analysis of the hot deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第4期5卷 369-387页

作者： Amir Hadadzadeh Mary A.wells Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Hot deformation of cast-homogenized and extruded(in both the extrusion and transverse directions)ZK60 magnesium alloy was conducted using the Gleeble®3500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing system.A new approach to model the high temperature constitutive behavior of the alloy was done using two well-known equations(*** sine and Ludwig equations).For this approach,the deformation conditions were divided into regimes of low and high temperature and strain rate(four regimes).Constitutive model development was conducted in each regime and the material parameters(p)were evaluated as strain,strain rate and temperature-dependent variables;p(ε,ε,T).Using this approach,the flow curves were predicted with high accuracy relative to the experimental ***,detailed information on the evolution of hot deformation activation energy was obtained using the modified hyperbolic sine *** the modified Ludwig equation,details of strain hardening and strain rate sensitivity of the ZK60 material during hot deformation were obtained.

关键词： ZK60 magnesium alloy Hot deformation Constitutive modeling Zener-Hollomon Hyperbolic sine Ludwig equation

Challenging the assumption about a direct relationship between historic preservation and architecture in the United States

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Frontiers of Architectural research 2018年第4期7卷 455-464页

作者： Jeremy C.wells School of Architecture Planning and PreservationUniversity of MarylandMD 20742United States

A close relationship is assumed to exist between historic preservation and architectural practice. This study explores the nature of this relationship by using evidence from scholarly literature, the job market, and architectural education. The examined literature contains many examples showing that the architecture field views historic preservation as an external interest. Evidence from the job market indicates that architecture employers are uninterested in historic preservation skills, and historic preservation employers are not looking for architecture skills. Architecture schools and accrediting organizations either disregard historic preservation or minimize its importance. Moreover, historic preservation is more closely related to environmental and behavioral studies than it is to the architectural field. The relationship between architecture and historic preservation is tenuous, strained, and based more on stereotypes than on actual evidence.

关键词： Historic preservation Architecture Heritage conservation Education Job market Employers