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Molecular plant 2014年第8期7卷 1365-1383页

作者： Zhongqin Zhang Jay shrestha Chika Tateda Jean T. Greenberg Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology University of Chicago 929 East 57 Street GCIS W524 Chicago IL 60637 USA

ACCELErATED CELL DEATH6 （ACD6） is a multipass membrane protein with an ankyrin domain that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid （SA）. This study implemented biochemical approaches to infer changes in ACD6 complexes and localization. In addition to forming endoplasmic reticulum （Er）- and plasma membrane （pM）-Iocalized complexes, ACD6 forms soluble complexes, where it is bound to cytosolic HSp70, ubiquitinated, and degraded via the proteasome. Thus, ACD6 constitutively undergoes Er-associated degradation. During SA signaling, the soluble ACD6 pool decreases, whereas the pM pool increases. Similarly, ACD6-1, an activated version of ACD6 that induces SA, is present at low levels in the soluble fraction and high levels in the pM. However, ACD6 variants with amino acid substitutions in the ankyrin domain form aberrant, inactive complexes, are induced by a SA agonist, but show no pM localization. SA signaling also increases the pM pools of FLAGELLIN SENSING2 （FLS2） and BrI1-ASSOClATED rECEpTOr KINASE 1 （BAK1）. FLS2 forms complexes ACD6; both FLS2 and BAK1 require ACD6 for maximal accumulation at the pM in response to SA signaling. A plausible scenario is that SA increases the efficiency of productive folding and/or complex formation in the Er, such that ACD6, together with FLS2 and BAK1, reaches the cell surface to more effectively promote immune responses.

关键词： ACD6 protein trafficking protein quality control salicylic acid.

Underutilized plant Species in Far West Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 589-600页

作者： ripu M.KUNWAr Laxmi MAHAT Lila N.SHArMA Keshab p.shrestha Hiroo KOMINEE rainer W.BUSSMANN Centre for Biological Conservation Kirtipur-3NayabazarKathmanduNepal GpO Box 19925 Kalanki-1444600KathmanduNepal Natural History Museum SwayambhuTribhuvan University Hatai Clinic KYG Iryoukai Medical Association2-47-22 Togo Iryou Building 1F NakachoTokyoJapan William L.Brown Center Missouri Botanical GardenSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a relative Importance (rI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.

关键词： Underutilized plants relativeimportance (r/) Ethnoveterinary use Conservation Nepal

post Earthquake Uses of Space in Bhaktapur,Nepal for Sustainable Tourism

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Post Earthquake Uses of Space in Bhaktapur,Nepal for Sustain...

作者： rina shrestha 天津大学

学位级别：硕士

This research was based on comparative observation and recommendation by addressing the issue of open space management on post earthquake for overwhelming sustainable *** is about to intricate linkages between the open space and tourism,highlighting the impact on tourism sectors after the devastation in Bhaktapur with earthquake happened on 25 th April 2015 in *** Cultural Heritage is one of the most popular tourist areas in *** 95% of the heritages and houses were damaged and spaces are full with garbage of houses *** show that there is growing demand and the uses space for sustainable tourism in ***,here the further question that will be looked upon is how do we preserved these traditional heritage spaces so that it retains its traditional being and keep up with the modern tourist *** this thesis,qualitative approach has been *** gain initial insight for sustainable tourism online material related with tourism,heritage and culture,open space and about the earthquake 2015 were *** the purpose of the study,open ended questions for interview,was *** the study purpose,data published by National planning Commission in pDNA,Bhaktapur Tourism Board Committee,Nepal Tourism Board,District Development Committee Bhaktapur and various research works from other researcher’s relating to the same field were also *** collected data were analyzed by making contextual *** thesis draws on a number of sources from other organization’s practices as *** conclusion,the thesis shows the result of this *** has made contribution on the recovery process that is undergoing along with the issues of finding the use of open space and preserve traditional heritage spaces with a comparison on what has to be done for the overall purpose of sustainable tourism at Bhaktapur.

关键词： post Disaster Sustainable Tourism Open Space Earthquake Heritage Bhaktapur Nepal

The Trends,Causes,Factors and Major Challenges Associated with Maternal Mortality in Nepal

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The Trends,Causes,Factors and Major Challenges Associated wi...

作者： MABINDrA shrestha 重庆医科大学

学位级别：硕士

Maternal mortality is one of the major health issues around the world especially in the developing *** is however in a decreasing *** still every day,approximate 830 women are dying from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth and about 99% of all maternal deaths are occurring in the developing *** is also one of the developing countries and it has made a remarkable progress in improving health outcomes of the people over the last two *** spite of considerable achievement in the health sector and country progressing towards positive direction,there are still many issues,problems and challenges that need to be *** mortality still remains a major health problem in *** is mainly due to less number of skilled health care personnel,lack of good education and knowledge regarding the maternal health,poor accessibility of health centers,lack of advanced medical technologies,lack of good transportation facilities,and the most important reason is being lack of good government health polices and *** main objectives of this study is to understand the trends,the main causes and major challenges associated with the maternal mortality in Nepal,to increase the information of the current levels of maternal mortality,to get better understanding of why women are dying during pregnancy,childbirth and the postpartum period,including social and clinical contributing factors,and to provide information to help identify interventions that may be successful at improving maternal mortality and morbidity in the future.

关键词：尼泊尔产妇死亡率病因学病理分娩

Correlation Analysis of the Morphological Diversity of the Left Coronary Artery and the Formation of Atherosclerotic plaques

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Correlation Analysis of the Morphological Diversity of the L...

作者： Shreya shrestha 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

purposeThe main aim of our study was to measure the length,the dimensions and areas at different points including ostium,midportion and distal,the bifurcation angles and the types of the left main coronary artery（LM）,on 320-slice spiral CT,and research the differences between men and women without left coronary atherosclerotic *** also studied the relationship between the anatomical diversity of LM and the localization and formation of the atherosclerotic *** and MethodsA total of 199 consecutive patients who underwent 320-slice spiral CT coronary angiography in our hospital between September 2017 and March 2018 were selected,including 98 females and 101 males,age 55 to 65 years *** to the presence and severity of the plaques in the left coronary artery,the patients were divided into three groups,including 69 cases of the normal group,74 cases of the mild stenosis group,and 56 cases of the moderate-severe stenosis *** the basis of the plaque positions,the coronary lesion group was further divided into proximal and distal *** multiple lesions were coexist in any of the major branches,the most severe one was taken into *** to the 3D volume rendering technology,the LM can be divided into four types: type I（biconcave-shaped pattern）,type II（tapering pattern）,type III（combined pattern,cone-shaped at the ostium and then tubular-shaped in the other parts of the vessel）,and type IV（funnel-shaped pattern）We adopted the Japan Toshiba 320-row spiral CT scanner,the retrospective ECG gating and the 75% r-r intervals *** Vitrea Workstation software and reconstruction technologies such as the volume rendering,the maximum intensity projection,the multi-planar reformatting and the curved multi-planar reformation,the length of the LM,the dimensions and areas（at the ostium,midportion and distal of the LM）,angle 1,2,and 3,the angles between LAD and LCX,LM and LAD,LM and LCX were *** diameter stenos

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recent treeline dynamics are similar between dry and mesic areas of Nepal, central Himalaya

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Journal of plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 347-358页

作者： Krishna B.shrestha Annika Hofgaard Vigdis Vandvik Department of Biology University of BergenPO Box 7803NO-5020BergenNorway UiB Global University of BergenJekteviksbakken 31PO Box 7800NO-5020BergenNorway Norwegian Institute for Nature research PO Box 5685 SluppenNO-7485TrondheimNorway

Aims We investigated the treeline dynamics of two environmentally con-trasting areas in the Nepalese Himalaya to address the following questions:(i)Does the timing of establishment of the current tree-line differ between the two study areas,and can area-specific tree-line developments be identified?(ii)Do recruitment patterns and height growth indicate recent climate-driven treeline advance,fol-lowing the general prediction for the central Himalayan region,in the two study areas?Methods a dry-climate treeline dominated by pinus wallichiana and a mesic-climate treeline with Abies spectabilis were selected for *** each area,we sampled the size and age structure of the study spe-cies along three elevational transects(20-m wide)from the forest line to the tree species line crossing the *** also sampled treeline trees from within and outside transects to reconstruct past treeline establishment *** Findings Despite differences in moisture regimes,tree species and recent climate trends,our two study areas showed very similar treeline dynamics over the past six *** both areas,the recruitment of treeline trees indicates stationary treelines over the past six decades with the current treelines being dominated by trees that were established around *** mesic area has experienced an overall climatic warming trend,and the stationary Abies treeline is hypothesized to be regulated by non-climatic factors,notably *** dry area has not experienced warming but increased climatic variability and some very cool summers in the recent dec-ades may explain the stationary to weakly receding pinus treeline,which appears more climatically controlled with decreased recruit-ment over the past decades and decreased growth towards higher *** both areas,there is a potential for treeline advance,depending on future land use and climate *** results highlight the importance of conducting treeline ecotone analyses for several sites or are

关键词： Abies spectabilis Himalaya pinus wallichiana slope aspect treeline ecotone dynamics

A Comparative Analysis of Microleakage of roots Filled with Different Obturation Techniques and Materials-an in Vitro Study

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A Comparative Analysis of Microleakage of Roots Filled with ...

作者： Nameeta shrestha 重庆医科大学

学位级别：硕士

Background:Endodontic therapy, over a period of time, has developed into an art and science to retain grossly carious, infected and mutilated teeth whenever possible, hence valuing each tooth more than a diamond;and increasing its longevity in the mouth to the greatest possible extent. The primary objective of a root canal therapy is to remove the organic and inorganic substances and also microorganisms to achieve a perfect seal at the apical region. The necessity to provide a perfect seal at the apical region as well as filling of accessory canals have brought forth many dynamic changes in obturation techniques and materials used as sealers.Gutta-percha has been used for root canal filling for more than a century. Many techniques have been introduced over the years for efficient and effective filling of the root canal space with gutta-percha. The E & Q plus system (Meta Biomed Co., Ltd., UK) is a relatively new introduction to the endodontic armamentarium for root canal filling. The system consists of a control unit with a pen-grip device holding a heating tip, as well as a gutta-percha injection gun. recently, a new cold flowable filling system - GuttaFlow (Coltene Whaledent, Germany), has been introduced for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. It consists of a polydimethylsiloxane matrix highly filled with very finely ground gutta-percha, that are homogeneously mixed in a mixing capsule. GuttaFlow is said to have extraordinary chemical and physical properties that offer maximum sealing quality and biocompatibility. It easily flows into lateral canals and dentinal tubules;and it does not shrink upon setting, rather it expands by 0.2%.During the obturation procedure, the gutta-percha cone does not bind by itself to the canal wall, so a root canal sealer is necessary to bind the gutta-percha to the canal walls;and hence adhesiveness of a root canal sealer is a desirable property. Generally root canal sea

关键词： root canal obturation microleakage

Evolution and bathymetry of glacial lake at the lowest elevation in Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 141-144页

作者： Shusila KANDEL Nitesh KHADKA Dhurba TIWArI Dibas shrestha Kedar rIJAL Central Department of Environmental Sciences Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44163Nepal Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Geology Tri-Chandra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44600Nepal Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44163Nepal

One of the prominent impacts of climate change induced glacier retreat in the Himalayas is the formation and expansion of glacial lakes. The newly formed glacial lakes are mostly located in higher altitudinal regions(4200-5800 m) of Himalaya,however, a new glacial lake(Kapuche, 28.446° N and 84.116° E) have been reported to be emerged in the relatively low elevation area of ~2450 m above sea level(masl) in the Nepal Himalaya. This short communication presents the remote sensing-based evolution and field-based bathymetry of Kapuche lake, and further discusses its formation process and lake type for being a glacial lake at the lowest elevation in Nepal Himalaya.

关键词： Glacial lake Evolution Avalanche Bathymetry

Metapopulation approach for landscape level management of western tarnished plant bug,Lygus hesperus,in Texas( Hemiptera,Miridae)

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植物保护学报 2014年第6期41卷 761-768页

作者： parajulee Megha N shrestha ram B Texas A & M University System AgriLife research and Extension Center

Insect source-sink dynamics are vital to ecologically intensive pest management. Maintaining sink plant hosts,or "trap crops",and destroying alternate hosts or breeding places adjacent to the field crop are effective pest management strategies for some arthropods. However,determining whether a host acts as a source or a sink is challenging, especially when the pest species is highly mobile and polyphagous. The western tarnished plant bug,Lygus hesperus,is highly polyphagous,and can utilize >300 hosts. Its presence has been documented in 26 roadside weed hosts in the Texas High *** studies demonstrated that L. hesperus prefer alfalfa over cotton and several alternate weed hosts.A four-year project involved surveying and sampling for L. hesperus in the agricultural landscapes of several sub-regions of the southwestern United States,including the Texas High plains. In Texas,geographic information of the landscape vegetation complex was compiled from a 150 km radius in the Texas High plains. In one study,fifty irrigated cotton fields representing the crop diversity within this region were sampled via sweep-net for 10 weeks. This effort also included sampling of up to six noncotton insect habitats within a 3 km radius of each field. Seasonal average L. hesperus abundance data were regressed with 27 field characteristics( variables),including habitat-specific land cover,distance between focal cotton fields and non-cotton habitats,longitude,latitude,elevation,habitat heterogeneity index,and several environmental / ecological variables. Significant variables were selected using a stepwise regression at 15% probability rate. A 10-parameter linear model explained 93% of the variation in the data. Major parameters contributing significantly to variation in L. hesperus abundance in cotton were corn and sunflower acreages,focal cotton field distances from several non-cotton hosts,and habitat heterogeneity index. In addition,field marking-and-capture studies were cond

关键词： western tarnished plant bug cotton IpM ecological pest management alternate host management

race as a moderator of the association between ethnicity,preeclampsia and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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World Journal of pediatrics 2022年第8期18卷 568-573页

作者： Boubakari Ibrahimou Ning Sun Shelbie Burchfield priyanka shrestha Fernanda Veitzman Zoran Bursac Hamisu Salihu Getachew Dagne Janvier Gasana Tomas r.Guilarte Department of Biostatistics Florida International University.Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work.11200 S.W.8th StreetAHC5MiamiFL33199USA Center of Excellence in Health Equity Training and ResearchBaylor College of MedicineOne Baylor Plaza MS:411HoustonTX 77030USA College of public Health University of South Florida132014 Bruce B.Downs BlvdMDC 56TampaFL 33612USA Faculty of public Health Deparument of Environmenal and Occupational HealthKuwait UniversityBlock 7 Sureet 32013119.PO Box 24923.SafauHawallyKuwait Department of Environmental Health Sciences Florida International UniversityRobert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work11200 S.W.8th StreetAHC5Miami.FL33199USA

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(rDS),also known as hyaline membrane disease,is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in the US,which affects 1%of all newborns and 10%of preterm babies[1,2].It is also one of the most common causes of admission to neonatal intensive care unit[3].preeclampsia(pE)is a common pregnancy complication that affects an estimated 5%of pregnancies across the world[4].It is a significant cause of low birth weight and preterm delivery,which are risk factors for rDS[5].However,in the literature,the relationship between pE and rDS remains controversial[6-9].

关键词： distress neonatal respiratory