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Water and nutrient recovery from urine:A lead up trail using nano-structured In_(2)S_(3)photo electrodes

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第5期30卷 531-535页

作者： r Jayakrishnan T r Sreerev Adith Varma Department of Physics University of KeralaThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India Photovoltaic research Laboratory Christian College Chenagnnur 689122India

Developments of economic systems are critical for bio-regenerative life support systems in manned space *** this work we report on the feasibility of using two direct sunlight powered processes sequentially for the recovery of water and nutrients from *** work presents experimental evidence on nutrient and water recovery achieved using the proto-type designed and *** report the design and testing of a solar still which would serve on the nutrient recovery *** cooled condensate from the solar still is fed into a solar powered electrolysis unit where nano-structured indium sulphide(In_(2)S_(3))thin films coated over fluorine doped tin oxide(SnO_(2):F)substrate serve as one of the working *** electrolysis takes place in the absence of an electrolyte which manifests as a technical achievement of our *** results show that the COD level in the recycled water is very *** In_(2)S_(3)photo-electrodes are stable without any physical damage after the process.

关键词： semiconductors water quality thin film structure and morphology electrolysis

On Some Applications of Nanoparticles Synthesized in the Gas Phase by Magnetron Discharges

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Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 2013年第3期3卷 184-189页

作者： Virginie Bouchat N. moreau J.-F. Colomer S. Lucas Namur research Institute for Life Sciences (NArILIS) Research Centre for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN) University of Namur (FUNDP) Namur Belgium.

For the seventies, scientists focused their researches to find techniques to produce high quality films. One of the ideas, for example, was to generate an ionized cluster beam (ICB) formed by inert gas condensation (IGC) from evaporation of material. This method generates non-agglomerated nanoparticles to be deposited onto any substrate. However, the synthesis of spherical and well-dispersed nanoparticles remains, today, a major technological issue. Several trials have been performed with magnetron sputtering that has the advantage of producing very pure atomic vapour from a wide variety of solid materials or composites, and therefore in this configuration offers the possibility to synthesize nanoparticles in a gaz phase with potential numerous applications. In this paper, we describe several results of our laboratory and we show how it is possible to synthesize non-agglomerated nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution in the nm range. Detailed examples of Ag, TiO2, Au, Y, C, Co and Fe are given. We illustrate their current use in applications including catalyst to produce aligned Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes, seeding layer to promote anatase TiO2 crystallisation for photocatalytic material, superhydrophobic material and nanoparticle for nanomedecine.

关键词： Nanoparticles PVD Plasma Nanocluster Vapour Phase

Characterization of water-in-crude oil emulsions in oil spill response

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第4期15卷 506-509页

作者： MATHEr r.r. FOTHErINGHAM A.F. YANG r.D. HeriotWattUniversityScottishBordersCampus HeriotWattUniversityScottishBordersCampusHeriotWattUniversityScottishBordersCampus GalashielsUKGalashielsUKGalashielsUK

The formation of water in crude oil emulsions occurs when crude oils are spilled into sea. The water in crude oil emulsions significantly change the properties of the spilled crude oils and in turn influence the choices made relating to oil spill countermeasures. The water in crude oil emulsions were characterized using various techniques in this study. The environmental scanning electron microscopy observation of water droplets in the emulsions is also presented. It is a powerful tool in emulsion observations.

关键词： oil spill water in oil emulsions oil spill response DSC ESEM

Hidden Markov Model Approach for Software reliability Estimation with Logic Error

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2020年第2期17卷 305-320页

作者： r.Bharathi r.Selvarani Department of Computer Science PES UniversityBangalore 560100India research scholar Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi 590018India Department of Computer Science Alliance UniversityBangalore 562106India

To ensure the safe operation of any software controlled critical systems,quality factors like reliability and safety are given utmost *** this paper,we have chosen to analyze the impact of logic error that is one of the contributors to the above *** view of this,we propose a novel framework based on a data driven approach known as software failure estimation with logic error(SFELE).Here,the probabilistic nature of software error is explored by observing the operation of a safety critical system by injecting logic *** occurrence of error,its propagations and transformations are analyzed from its inception to end of its execution cycle through the hidden Markov model(HMM)*** found that the proposed framework SFELE supports in labeling and quantifying the behavioral properties of selected errors in a safety critical system while traversing across its system components in addition to reliability estimation of the *** attempt at the design level can help the design engineers to improve their system quality in a costeffective manner.

关键词： Hidden Markov model(HMM) reliability logic error safety critical software failure

Control over hysteresis curves and thresholds of optical bistability in different semiconductor double quantum wells

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第8期24卷 373-380页

作者： Hamedi H r Mehmannavaz M r Afshari Hadi Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy Vilnius University Young researchers and Elite Club Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University research Institute for Applied Physics University of Tabriz

The effects of optical field on the phenomenon of optical bistability(OB) are investigated in a K-type semiconductor double quantum well(SDQW) under various parametric conditions. It is shown that the OB threshold can be manipulated by increasing the intensity of coupling field. The dependence of the shift of OB hysteresis curve on probe wavelength detuning is then explored. In order to demonstrate controllability of the OB in this SDQW, we compare the OB features of three different configurations which could arise in this SDQW scheme, i.e., K-type, Y-type, and inverted Y-type systems. The controllability of this semiconductor nanostructure medium makes the presented OB scheme more valuable for applications in all-optical switches, information storage, and logic circuits of all optical information processing.

关键词： optical bistability semiconductor double quantum wells K-type Y-type and inverted Y-type schemes OB threshold intensity

robust nonlinear control for nuclear reactors using sliding mode observer to estimate the xenon concentration

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第2期27卷 106-114页

作者： G.r.Ansarifar H.r.Akhavan Department of Nuclear Engineering Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies University of Isfahan

This paper presents findings on the sliding mode controller for a nuclear reactor. One of the important operations in nuclear power plants is load following. In this paper, a sliding mode control system, which is a robust nonlinear controller, is designed to control the pressurizedwater reactor power. The reactor core is simulated based on the point kinetics equations and six delayed neutron groups. Considering neutron absorber poisons and regarding the limitations of the xenon concentration measurement, a sliding mode observer is designed to estimate its value, and finally, a sliding mode control based on the sliding mode observer is presented to control the core power of reactor. The stability analysis is given by means Lyapunov approach; thus, the control system is guaranteed to be stable within a large range. The employed method is easy to implement in practical applications, and moreover,the sliding mode control exhibits the desired dynamic properties during the entire output-tracking process independent of perturbations. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observerbased controller in terms of performance, robustness and stability.

关键词：鲁棒非线性控制滑模观测器核反应堆估计氙气气浓度非线性鲁棒控制器滑模控制系统

High-Velocity Projectile Impact Behaviour of Friction Stir Welded AA7075 Thick Plates

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第11期29卷 153-163页

作者： r.Praveen S.r.Koteswara rao G.Selvakumar r.Damodaram Department of robotics and Automation Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and TechnologyChengalpattu603308TamilNaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of EngineeringChennai603110TamilNaduIndia

In this study, high velocity impact behaviour of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were investigated using a 7.62 mm × 51 mm lead core and 7.62 mm × 39 mm steel core projectiles. Prior to ballistic trails, mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction stir welded AA 7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were studied. Microstructural and hardness studies revealed that friction stir welds constituted three distinct regions namely Weld Nugget(WN), Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone(TMAZ) and Heat Affected Zone(HAZ). Base Material(BM) and all three weld regions were ballistically tested as per military standard NIJ.0108.01 using lead and steel core bullets at maximum permissible velocities of 830 ± 20 and 700 ± 30 m/s, respectively. It has been found that base material(AA7075-T651)and all three weld regions of 25 mm thick plates were able to resist perforation by both types of projectiles used. However depth of penetration has been found to increase from BM to WN, HAZ and TMAZ for both types of projectiles. In all cases steel core projectiles caused higher depth of penetration compared to those caused by lead core projectiles. TMAZs of the friction stir welds were found to be the weakest zone. The fracture that occurred in the base material was spall fragmentation indicating brittle failure, whereas all zones of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 targets with a front petalling, indicating ductile failure. The post-ballistic tested samples showed no significant change in the microstructure of the BM and WN. On the other hand, TMAZ and HAZ showed severe grain deformation in the direction of projectile penetration, and the formation of adiabatic shear bands(ASB). This work showed that 25 mm thick friction stir welded AA7075-T651 joints responded well to ballistic impact loads, making them a good choice for light combat vehicles.

关键词： Aluminum alloy Thick plate Friction stir welding Ballistic performance Depth of penetration

STUDY OF THrEE-DIMENSIONAL SEPArATION OF BOUNDArY LAYEr OVEr BLUNT BODIES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第1期21卷 100-107页

作者： ATMANI r. BrIMA A. ASKOVIC r. Laboratoire de mécanique des fluides Université de ValenciennesAulnoy lez Valenciennes 59326 France Département de Mécanique Université de BiskraBiskra 07000 Algérie

In the case of three-dimensional flows, the separation can be defined in more than one way. Discussions about three-dimensional boundary layer separation in the literature have found a rational extension of the zero skin friction. Attempts have been made to establish the identity of “separation lines”. Among definitions, these may be found：（1） envelopes of limiting streamlines, （2） lines dividing flow which has come from different regions, （3） lines of singularities （problems of topology）, （4） lines on which some component of the skin friction vanishes. Each of these is valid under certain conditions, but none is universally valid. In the present work, we use the definition （4）, i.e. at low incidence of a blunt body the separation line is identified as the zero of the meridian skin friction component （Wang 1975）. So the separation line on a flattened spheroid （6：3：1） at 6° of incidence is calculated, as well as experimentally determined by using the electrochemical method, which allows to follow the evolution of the parietal velocity gradient.

关键词： three-dimensional flows separation boundary layers blunt bodies

Fully developed forced convection through semi-elliptic ducts

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2016年第1期37卷 37-44页

作者： r.ALASSAr Department of Mathematics and Statistics King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

An exact solution of the problem of fully developed forced convection through semi-elliptic ducts is obtained under constant axial heat flux and peripherally uniform temperature. The solution is validated by comparing... 详细信息

关键词： convection semi-elliptic duct