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Geo-politicai Significance of the Wakhan Corridor for China

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2014年第2期7卷 307-323页

作者： Hasan Yaser.malik Free Lance Defence Housing Authority House Number 270 Street 27 Sector S Phase-2 LahorePakistan

The Wakhan Corridor is surrounded by the Mackinder＇s Heart Land. Located at the cross roads of four countries： Main land Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China, and Pakistan. The Wakhan Corridor has been the most important junction point of the Silk route since its inception. The corridor has long been used as a trade route by Europeans and Chinese to reach the Indian Plains and the Indian Ocean＇s Sea Lines of Communications through the Arabian Sea Coasts. Extra regional aspects in forms of quest for the Great Game between russia and Britain since 1838, the Chinese Communist revolution of 1949, the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan for a decade followed by the NATO invasion of Afghanistan since 2001 has unfortunately kept any kind of infrastructural development in Wakhan as a fallacy. The opening up of Wakhjir Pass by China will surely improve regional trade and relations; however, India feels threatened as it thinks that the opening up of the Wakhan Corridor will be an outflanking maneuvre against its interests in Indianheld Kashmir; however, it cannot remain aloof of other regional and extra regional players and will be forced to share Central Asian energy resources for its economic development along with countries under the U.S. umbrella. The U.S. in combination with China must play its role for enhancing regional stability.

关键词： China Communist Geo-political Opportunities Passand trade route

Novel Photoinitiated Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Kinetics, and Mechanism of Complex of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate with Imidazole

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Chemical research in Chinese Universities 2009年第2期25卷 138-142页

作者： MAJID Kowsar AHMAD Siraj malik Mukhtar Ahmad Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology

Photoinitiated substitution complex of [Fe（CN）6]^4- with imidazole has been synthesized and characterized. On the basis of elemental analysis, the empirical molecular formula of the complex is K4[Fe（CN）5（C3H4N2）]·4H2O. The substitution of aquo ligand produced as a result of photoexcitation by imidazole has been confirmed by various spectroscopic thechniques like UV-Vis, FTIr, NMr, and SEM techniques. The characteristic FTIr and NMr absorption peaks for different entities present support the assigned formula. The presence of cyanide and imidazole ligands is shown by FTIr absorption peaks at 2046 cm^-1 due to v（C≡N） and at 1447 and 1619 cm^-1 due to v（C=N） and v（C=C） stretching vibration of the aromatic ring of imidazole, hence, confirming the assigned formula and photoinitiated substitution process. ^1HNMr also shows the peaks for aromatic hydrogen confirming again the presence of imidazole in the complex, further supporting the successful photoinitiated process. The water outside the coordination sphere has been confirmed from FTIr peaks and thermal analysis. Thermal kinetics and mechanistic studies have also been carried out by TG and DSC, Thermodynamics parameters such as activation energy（Ea）, preexponential factor（A）, and entropy of activation（Aft） have been calculated for each step via different methods like Doyle＇s, Coats, and redfern and Arrehenius.

关键词： Photochemistry Potassium he.xacyanoferrate Imidazole Photosubstitution FTIr

Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Magneto-Biphase Williamson Fluid Flow with Time Dependent Magnetic Field

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第2期71卷 143-151页

作者： Madiha Bibi M.Y.malik A.Zeeshan Department of Mathematics College of Sciences P.O.Box 9004 King Khalid University Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University

Numerical investigation of the dusty Williamson fluid with the dependency of time has been done in current disquisition. The flow of multiphase liquid/particle suspension saturating the medium is caused by stretching of porous surface. The influence of magnetic field and heat generation/absorption is observed. It is assumed that particle has a spherical shape and distributed uniformly in fluid matrix. The unsteady two-dimensional problems are modeled for both fluid and particle phase using conservation of mass, momentum and heat transfer. The finalized model generates the non-dimensioned parameters, namely Weissenberg number, unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter,heat generation/absorption parameter, Prandtl number, fluid particle interaction parameter, and mass concentration parameters. The numerical solution is obtained. Locality of skin friction and Nusselt number is deliberately focused to help of tables and graphs. While inferencing the current article it is clearly observed that increment of Williamson parameter, unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter, volume fraction parameter, and mass concentration parameter reduces the velocity profile of fluid and solid particles as well. And increment of Prandtl number, unsteadiness parameter,volume fraction parameter, and mass concentration parameter reduces the temperature profile of fluid and solid particles as well.

关键词： unsteady flow multiphase Williamson fluid variable magnetic field permeable wall heat source/sink

Comprehensive analysis of relativistic embedded class-I exponential compact spheres in f(r,φ)gravity via Karmarkar condition

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第10期75卷 100-110页

作者： Zoya Asghar Adnan malik M Farasat Shamir Fatemah Mofarreh National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Lahore CampusPakistan School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiangChina Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologySialkot CampusPakistan Mathematical Science Department Faculty of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 11546Saudi Arabia

In this article,we use the prominent Karmarkar condition to investigate some novel features of astronomical objects in the f(r,φ)gravity;r andφrepresent the ricci curvature and the scalar field,*** is worth noting that we classify the exclusive set of modified field equations using the exponential type model of the f(r,φ)theory of gravity f(r,φ)=φ(r+α(eβr-1)).We show the embedded class-I approach via a static,spherically symmetric spacetime with an anisotropic *** accomplish our objective,we use a particular interpretation of metric potential(grr)that has already been given in the literature and then presume the Karmarkar condition to derive the second metric *** employ distinct compact stars to determine the values of unknown parameters emerging in metric *** ensure the viability and consistency of our exponential model,we execute distinct physical evolutions,*** graphical structure of energy density and pressure evolution,mass function,adiabatic index,stability,equilibrium,and energy *** investigation reveals that the observed anisotropic findings are physically appropriate and have the highest level of precision.

关键词： stellar structures metric potentials f(r,φ)theory of gravity Karmarkar condition

Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Zubair A.malik rajiv PANDEY Ajay Ballabh BHATT Ecology Laboratory Department of Botany and MicrobiologyHNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India Department of Botany Govt.Degree CollegeBeerwah Budgam(J&K)-193411India. Department of Forestry andNatural resources HNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya,India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density,Total Basal Cover(TBC) of cut stumps,lopping percentage and grazing *** the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances(%),the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed(HD),moderately disturbed(MD) and least disturbed(LD) *** HD forests had the lowest canopy cover,lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover,highest density and highest *** MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these *** richness was least in HD forests,highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate *** percentage of regenerating species was lowest(54%) in HD and highest(72%) in *** density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and *** concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely;however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity;affects regeneration and changes community *** of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing,fuelwood collection and fodder *** all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation,it will result in a significant loss of ***,various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects,which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances,should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.

关键词： forests vegetation canopy grazing anthropogenic disturbance moderately timber woody stands

Cognitive frequency diverse array radar with symmetric non-uniform frequency offset

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 194-209页

作者： Abdul BASIT Ijaz Mansoor QUrESHI Wasim KHAN Aqdas Naveed malik Department of Electronic Engineering International Islamic University Department of Electrical Engineering Air University Islamabad

Frequency diverse array(FDA) radar with uniform inter-element frequency offset generates a beam pattern with maxima at multiple range and angle values. Multiple maxima property allows interferers located at any of the maxima to affect the target-returns. As a result the signal to interference noise ratio(SINr) and probability of detection decreases. In this paper, we propose a cognitive uniformly-spaced FDA with non-uniform but symmetric frequency offsets to achieve a single maximum beam pattern at the target position. Moreover,these non-uniform frequency offsets are calculated using well known mu-law formulae. The design sharpens or broadens the transmitted beam pattern based on the receiver feedback to achieve a better detection probability and an improved SINr as compared to the previous designs. The performance is also analyzed by considering the Cramer-rao lower bound(CrLB) on target angle and range estimation.

关键词： cognitive radar frequency diverse array non-uniform frequency offset range-angle beam forming

Instant Photochromism Caused by radical Formation in Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of Dihydrothiazole Derivative

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第10期39卷 2774-2780页

作者： Zhen Xu Abaid Ullah malik Mouhai Shu Yong Cui School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240 China

Main observation and conclusion A pair of new enantiomeric compounds,(r)/(S)-1,3,5-benzene-triyl-2,2',2”-tris(4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)(H3Lrrr and H3LSSS)are synthesized in one step synthetic route with high *** photochromism has been investigated to elaborate the photocatalytic decarboxylation of the dihydrothiazole derivative by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy(EPr),photoluminescence(PL),FT-Ir,high resolution mass spectra,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopic *** results indicate that the photochromic transformation is originated from the formation of the radical during the photocatalytic decarboxylation of the 4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid units.

关键词： Photochromism radicals Photocatalysis Decarboxylation Dihydrothiazole

Microstructure evolution of Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy against soft steel core projectile

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第20期79卷 46-61页

作者： Abdul malik Yangwei Wang Huanwu Cheng Faisal Nazeer Muhammad Abubaker Khan School of Material Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact Beijing 100081China

The study aimed to shed light on the post deformation and damage behavior of an extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloy under a ballistic *** results revealed that the initial microstructure consisted of both{0001}basal and{1010}prismatic fiber *** impact,adiabatic shear bands,pronounce different twinning in big grains,,,andtypes of dislocations,and grain refinement through twinning induce recrystallization accommodated the strain,and absorbed∼65.7%of the energy during impact carried by a soft steel ***,the deformation behavior at the top broad sides of the crater was entirely *** weak basal texture was changed to a strong prismatic texture,which was further proved by typical sigmoidal compressive stress-strain curves.A revised model for the development of the ultra-fine grains adjacent to the crater has been *** microhardness and yield strength was∼33%and∼40%higher and chiefly ascribed to strain hardening in ultra-fine grained near the surface of the perforation *** exit of the perforation path was severely damaged and forms onion-shaped concentric rings which were comprised of melted zones,dimples,and *** on the all interesting findings,this study can be a clue for the development of the lightweight Mg alloy for military and aerospace applications.

关键词： Mg alloy Soft steel core Ballistic impact Texture Twin induce rotational dynamic recrystallization CDrX

Integrated Demand response Characteristics of Industrial Park: A review

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第1期8卷 15-26页

作者： Zhengqi Chen Yingyun Sun Xin Ai Sarmad Majeed malik Liping Yang State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina State Grid Economic and Technological research Institute Co.Ltd. BeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company BeijingChina

With the gradual upgradation of global energy consumption and the associated development of multi-energy sources,the pace of unified energy planning and design has been accelerated and the concept of multi-energy system(MES)has been *** industrial structure of industrial park(IP)consists of production and marketing of multi-energy sources,which makes IP become an ideal application scenario for *** coupling between multi-sources raises the complexity level of IP,which requires the demand side analysis in IP as it enables customers to actively participate in energy planning and *** paper presents the concept and operation strategies of integrated demand response(IDr),and its model classification is analyzed in *** model and IDr with varying time period are studied in IP to determine their impacts on the system.A detailed survey of different techniques in both operation strategies and model classification is presented and the classification is based on pros and ***,key issues and outlooks are discussed.

关键词： Industrial park(IP) multi-energy system(MES) integrated demand response(IDr) integrated direct load control(IDLC) demand side management(DSM) demand side comfort index