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Spectral characteristics of banded iron formations in singhbhum craton,eastern India:Implications for hematite deposits on Mars

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第6期7卷 927-936页

作者： Mahima singh Jayant singhal k.Arun Prasad V.J.rajesh Dwijesh ray Priyadarshi Sahoo Department of Earth and Space Science Indian Institute of Space Science and TechnologyValiamala P.O.Thiruvananthapuram 695 547India physical research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad 380009India Geological Survey of India State Unit:OdishaNuipalliBhubaneswar 751012India

Banded iron formations （BIFs） are major rock units having hematite layers intermittent with silica rich layers and formed by sedimentary processes during late Archean to mid Proterozoic time. In terrestrial environment, hematite deposits are mainly found associated with banded iron formations. The BIFs in Lake Superior （Canada） and Carajas （Brazil） have been studied by planetary scientists to trace the evolution of hematite deposits on Mars. Hematite deposits are extensively identified in Meridiani region on Mars. Many hypotheses have been proposed to decipher the mechanism for the formation of these deposits. On the basis of geomorphological and mineralogical studies, aqueous environment of deposition is found to be the most supportive mechanism for its secondary iron rich deposits. In the present study, we examined the spectral characteristics of banded iron formations of Joda and Daitari located in singhbhum craton in eastern India to check its potentiality as an analog to the aqueous/marine environment on Mars. The prominent banding feature of banded iron formations is in the range of few millimeters to few centimeters in thickness. Fe rich bands are darker （gray） in color compared to the light reddish jaspilitic chert bands. Thin quartz veins （〈4 mm） are occasionally observed in the handspecimens of banded iron formations. Spectral investigations have been conducted in VIS/NIr region of electromagnetic spectrum in the laboratory conditions. Optimum absorption bands identified include 0.65, 0.86, 1.4 and 1.9 μm, in which 0.56 and 0.86 μm absorption bands are due to ferric iron and 1.4 and 1,9 μm bands are due to OH/H2O. To validate the mineralogical results obtained from VlS/NIr spectral radiometry, laser raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques were utilized and the results were found to be similar. Goethite-hematite association in banded iron formation in singhbhum craton suggests dehydration activity, which has altered the primary iron ox

关键词： Banded iron formation singhbhum craton VIS/NIr spectroscopy raman spectroscopy Terrestrial analog Mars

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Accuracy and safety of partial thickness femtosecond laser radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions in porcine eyes

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Eye and Vision 2021年第1期8卷 412-421页

作者： E.Valas Teuma Frank A.Bucci Jr raman Bedi Gary Gray Mark Packer LENSAr Inc.OrlandoFLUSA Bucci Laser Vision Institute Wilkes-BarreWilkes‑BarrePAUSA IrisArC ChandigarhIndia Packer research Associates Inc.1400 Bluebell Ave.BoulderCO 80302USA

Background:To evaluate the accuracy and safety of micro radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions constructed by a femtosecond laser system with a curved contact patient interface in porcine ***:Partial thickness micro radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions were constructed in porcine eyes with a femtosecond laser system and evaluated for precision of depth,quality,and *** coherence tomography was used to determine the accuracy and precision of incision *** endothelial safety was assessed by a fluorescent live/dead cell viability assay to demonstrate laser-induced endothelial cell *** was evaluated by ease of opening and examination of ***:In two micro radial incision groups,intended incision depths of 50%and 80%resulted in mean achieved depths of 50.01%and 77.69%,*** three arcuate incision groups,intended incision depths of 80%,600μm or 100μm residual uncut bed thickness resulted in mean achieved depths of 80.16%,603.03μm and residual bed of 115μm,*** loss of endothelial cell density occurred when the residual corneal bed was maintained at a minimum of 85-116μ*** incisions were easy to open,and interfaces were ***:A femtosecond laser system with curved contact interface created precise and reproducible micro radial and arcuate keratotomy *** and precision of the incision depth and preservation of endothelial cell density demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of the system.

关键词： Partial thickness micro radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions Curved contact patient interface Micro radial keratotomy Arcuate keratotomy Femtosecond laser system with curved contact interface LENSAr femtosecond laser system

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Oviposition preference and larval performance of Epiphyas postvittana （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae） on Botrytis cinerea （Helotiales： Sclerotiniaceae） infected berries of Vitis vinifera （Vitales： Vitaceae）

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 313-325页

作者： Syed Z. M. rizvi Anantanarayanan raman Warwick M. Wheatley Geoffrey Cook School of Agricultural & Wine Sciences Graham Centre forAgricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Orange NSW 2800 Austrafia

In this paper we tested the behavior of gravid Epiphyas postvittana in select- ing the most-appropriate site for oviposition thus benefitting offspring performance. Our hypothesis was built on Jaenike＇s preference-performance hypothesis （also referred to as the ＂mother-knows-the-best＂ hypothesis）. To test this, we used the interacting Epiphyas postvittana, its host Vitis vinifera, and the pathogenic microbe Botrytis cinerea system. Populations ofE. postvittana and B. cinerea often exist concurrently on 14. vinifera in Aus- tralasia and their interaction and mutual influence are currently being explored, although the suggestion presently is that the relationship between E. postvittana and B. cinerea is mutualistic. We tested the effect of volatiles from B. cinerea-infected berries and unin- fected （control） berries of V. vinifera on the oviposition behavior of E. postvittana. We also characterized the effects of B. cinerea infection on the berries of V. vinifera on the growth and development of E. postvittana. Contrary to the preference-performance hy- pothesis, oviposition choices made by gravid E. postvittana did not result in the best offspring survival, development, and performance. The preference for oviposition by E. postvittana was strongly influenced by the olfactory and tactile cues. She laid fewer eggs on B. cinerea-infected berries compared to uninfected berries of V. vinifera. The larvae of E. postvittana showed no preference to uninfected berries of V. vinifera. The larvae fed on B. cinerea-infected berries of V. vinifera showing greater survival rate, shorter time to pupation, greater pupal mass, and on becoming adults they laid more numbers of eggs than the larvae that were enabled to feed on uninfected berries. The larvae of E. postvittana transport the conidia of B. cinerea and transmit grey-mould disease to uninfected berries of V. vinifera.

关键词： larval development life-history performance light-brown apple moth ovipo-sition preference preference-performance hypothesis grapevine

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Influence of film stretching on crystalline phases and dielectric properties of a 70/30 mol%poly(vinylidenefluoride-tetrafluoroethylene)copolymer

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2020年第5期10卷 48-57页

作者： Thulasinath raman Venkatesan Anna A.Gulyakova reimund Gerhard University of Potsdam Institute of Physics and Astronomy Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-2514476 PotsdamGermany kU Leuven Department of Physics and Astronomy Celestijnenlaan 200DBox 24163001 LeuvenBelgium Herzen State Pedagogical University Department of General and Experimental Physics Moika River Embankment 48191186 St.PetersburgRussia

Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)-based copolymers with tetrafluoroethylene(P(VDF-TFE)),trifluoroethylene(P(VDF-TrFE))or hexafluoropropylene(P(VDF-HFP))are of strong interest due to the underlying fundamental mechanisms and the potential ferro-,pyro-and piezo-electrical *** flexibility and their adaptability to various shapes are advantageous in comparison to inorganic ***,we study the influence of stretching temperature on the crystalline phases and the dielectric prop-erties in P(VDF-TFE)films by means of Dielectric relaxation Spectroscopy(DrS),Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIr),Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction(WAXD),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA).Especially,the effect of stretching and the influence of the temperature of stretching on the mid-temperature(T_(mid))transi-tion are studied in *** results show that stretching has a similar effect as that on PVDF,and we observe an increase in the fraction of ferroelectric b-phase with a simultaneous increment in both melting point(T_(m))and crystallinity(X_(c))of the *** an increase in the stretching temperature does not have a profound impact on the amount of ferroelectric phase,the stability of the ferroelectric phase seems to improve-as seen in the reduction of the Full Width at Half Maximum(FWHM)of the WAXD peaks in both parallel and perpendicular directions to the molecular chain *** observation is also supported by the reduction of dissipation losses with an increase in stretching temperature-as seen in DrS ***,both stretching itself and the temperature of stretching affect the various molecular processes taking place in the temperature range of the T_(mid) transition.

关键词： P(VDF-TFE)copolymer dielectric properties crystalline phases film stretching mid-temperature transition

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Thermal stability and hydration behavior of ritonavir sulfate:A vibrational spectroscopic approach

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第6期5卷 348-355页

作者： kaweri Gambhir Parul singh Deepak k.Jangir ranjana Mehrotra Quantum Optics and Photon Physics CSIR-National Physical Laboratory

ritonavir sulfate is a protease inhibitor widely used in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In order to elucidate the inherent stability and sensitivity characteristics of ritonavir sulfate, it was investigated under forced thermal and hydration stress conditions as recommended by the Inter- national Conference on Harmonization guidelines. In addition, competency of vibrational （infrared and raman） spectroscopy was assessed to identify structural changes of the drug symbolizing its stress degradation. High performance liquid chromatography was used as a confirmatory technique for both thermal and hydration stress study, while thermogravimetric analysis]differential thermal analysis and atomic force microscopy substantiated the implementation of vibrational spectroscopy in this frame- work. The results exhibited high thermal stability of the drug as significant variations were observed in the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra only after the drug exposure to thermal radiations at 100 ℃. Hydration behavior of ritonavir sulfate was evaluated using raman spectroscopy and the value of critical relative humidity was found to be 〉 67%. An important aspect of this study was to utilize vibrational spectroscopic technique to address stability issues of pharmacological molecules, not only for their processing in pharmaceutical industry, but also for predicting their shelf lives and suitable storage conditions.

关键词： ritonavir sulfateDiffuse reflectance infrared Fourier trans-form spectroscopyraman spectroscopyThermal degradationHydration

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Influence of laser peening on microstructure and fatigue lives of Ti-6Al-4V

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第10期24卷 3111-3117页

作者： S.ANAND kUMAr r.SUNDAr S.GANESH SUNDArA raman H.kUMAr r.kAUL k.rANGANATHAN S.M.OAk L.M.kUkrEJA k.S.BINDrA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering IIT Madras Chennai-600036 India Solid State Laser Division RRCAT Indore 452013 India Laser Material Processing Division RRCAT Indore 452013 India

The influence of low energy laser peening on fatigue lives of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. Laser peening was carried out on Ti-6Al-4V samples. Laser peened samples were characterized by residual stress analysis, surface roughness measurements, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, nanoindentation hardness tests, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and fatigue testing. Laser peening resulted in the formation of nanocrystallites on the surface and near surface regions with associated increase in hardness and introduction of compressive residual stress. Owing to positive influence of nanostructured surface and compressive residual stress, fatigue lives of the laser peened samples were significantly increased compared to the unpeened samples.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V laser peening fatigue nanostructured surface

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Investigation on High Efficient Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

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Chemical research in Chinese Universities 1993年第3期9卷 269-272页

作者： k.r.Tsai Department of Chemistry Analysis and Testing Center Xiamen University Xiamen 361005ince the pioneer work of Thorsteinson fot me ox(?) ethane a series of V-Mo based catalysts mainly for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane have been patented. On the surfaces of these catalysts a C_2H_4 selectivity of 70% was achieved but the space velocity was only about 340 h~(-1). Lunsford et al. reported a C_2H_6 conversion of 75% and a C_2H_4 selectivity of 76% over the

Since the pioneer work of Thorsteinson fot me ox（?） ethane, a series of V-Mo based catalysts mainly for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane have been patented. On the surfaces of these catalysts, a C;H;selectivity of 70％ was achieved, but the space velocity was only about 340 h;. Lunsford, et al. reported a C;H;conversion of 75％ and a C;H;selectivity of 76％ over the

关键词： Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen species XPS raman TPD

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Genetic Diversity and Lineage Based on SSr Markers of Two Genomic resources among <i>Trifolium</i>Collections Held within the Australian Pastures Genebank

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Open Journal of Genetics 2019年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Devendra r. Malaviya Harsh raman Brian S. Dear rosy raman Ajoy k. roy Pankaj kaushal Amaresh Chandra Steve J. Hughes ICAr—Indian Institute of Sugarcane research Lucknow India Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Wagga Wagga Australia ICAr—Indian Grassland and Fodder research Institute Jhansi India ICAr—National Institute of Biotic Stress Management Raipur India South Australian research & Development Institute Urrbrae Australia

Trifolium alexandrinum, an important forage legume, suffers from narrow genetic base. The present investigation was envisaged to reveal the inter- and intra-species genetic diversity and lineage among 64 accessions, representing a global collection, of T. alexandrinum;it’s two probable progenitor species (T. salmoneum and T. subterraneum) and the three genetically distant species (T. repens, T. vesiculosum, T. michelianum). A set of Simple Sequence repeats (SSr) primer-pairs developed from T. alexandrinum have shown to amplify alleles across the species under study, suggesting utility of the newly developed resource for assessing molecular diversity among Trifolium species. These SSrs markers together with previously reported SSrs, derived from T. repens, enabled to reveal high intra-species polymorphism in T. alexandrinum and successfully discriminate different species investigated in this study. The diverse accessions determined herein provide a superior resource for further breeding of T. alexandrinum. High allelic similarity of T. alexandrinum with T. subterraneum and T. salmoneum indicated close relatedness among the species, suggesting polyphyletic evolution of T. alexandrinum.

关键词： Egyptian Clover Evolution Genetic resource Molecular Diversity

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Obesity Management-Bariatric Surgery vs Lifestyle Modification

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2013年第1期3卷 69-74页

作者： Poondy G. r. raman Subodh Banzal MGM Medical College Indore India Shri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences Indore India

role of Bariatric surgery for obesity is briefly outlined. Selection criteria, contraindications, evaluations of patients before surgery, types of bariatric surgery with their merits and demerits are discussed. result... 详细信息

关键词： Types of Bariatric Surgery Selection Criteria Contraindication Merits and Demerits Lifestyle Modification

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Large deflection behavior effect in reinforced concrete columns exposed to extreme dynamic loads

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 532-553页

作者： Masoud ABEDINI Azrul AMUTALIB Chunwei ZHANG Javad MEHrMASHHADI Sudharshan Naidu raman roozbeh ALIPOUr Tohid MOM ENI Mohamed HMUSSA School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology.Qingdao 266033China Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM BangiSelangor 43600Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588United States Department of Architecture and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM BangiSelangor 43600 Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Mahshahr BranchIslamic Azad UniversitMahshahrIran

reinforced concretes(rC)have been widely used in *** construction,one of the eritical elements carrying a high percentage of the weight is columns which were not used 1o design to absorb large dynamic load like surface *** study focuses on investigating blast load parameters to design of rC columns to withstand blast *** numerical model is based on finite element amalysis using *** results are validated against blast feld tests available in the *** of simulations are performed with changing blast parameters *** efects of various scaled distances on the nonlinear bchavior of rC *** to simulation results,the scaled distance has a substantial infuence on the blast response of rC *** lower scaled distance,higher peak pressure and larger pressure impulse are applied on the rC ***,keeping the scaled disance unchanged,increasing the charge weight or shorter standoff distance cause more damage to the rC *** studies are carried out to investigate the efects of scaled distance and charge weight on the damage degree and residual axial load carrying capacity of rC columns with various column width,longitudinal reinforcement ratio and concrete *** of this research will be used to asessmsent the efet of an explosion on the dynamic behavior of rC columns.

关键词： rC column scaled disance blast load LS-DYNA

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