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The ruminal microbiome associated with methane emissions from ruminant livestock

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 289-299页

作者： Ilma Tapio Timothy J.Snelling Francesco Strozzi r.john wallace Green Technology Natural Resources Institute FinlandJokioinenFinland rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of AberdeenForesterhillAberdeen AB16 5BDUK. PTP Via Einstein-Loc.Cascina Codazza26900 Lodiltaly

Methane emissions from ruminant livestock contribute significantly to the large environmental footprint of *** rumen is the principal source of methane, and certain features of the microbiome are associated with low/high methane phenotypes. Despite their primary role in methanogenesis, the abundance of archaea has only a weak correlation with methane emissions from individual animals. The composition of the archaeal community appears to have a stronger effect, with animals harbouring the Methanobrevibacter gottschalki clade tending to be associated with greater methane emissions. Ciliate protozoa produce abundant H_2, the main substrate for methanogenesis in the rumen,and their removal（defaunation） results in an average 11% lower methane emissions in vivo, but the results are not consistent. Different protozoal genera seem to result in greater methane emissions, though community types（A, AB, B and O） did not differ. Within the bacteria, three different ‘ruminotypes＇ have been identified, two of which predispose animals to have lower methane emissions. The two low-methane ruminotypes are generally characterized by less abundant H_2-producing bacteria. A lower abundance of Proteobacteria and differences in certain Bacteroidetes and anaerobic fungi seem to be associated with high methane emissions. rumen anaerobic fungi produce abundant H_2 and formate, and their abundance generally corresponds to the level of methane emissions. Thus, microbiome analysis is consistent with known pathways for H_2 production and methanogenesis, but not yet in a predictive manner. The production and utilisation of formate by the ruminal microbiota is poorly understood and may be a source of variability between animals.

关键词： Archaea Methane Microbiome rumen

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生物技术在反刍动物营养中的应用

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中国畜牧兽医 2002年第6期29卷 15-15页

作者： r.john wallace 龙玲

反刍动物消化道降解纤维的效率相对较慢,不能满足奶牛的高能量和氨基酸的需求,需要在日粮中加以补充.但是淀粉精料容易引起瘤胃代谢的紊乱,并抑制了纤维消化;而日粮蛋白质在瘤胃中很快被微生物降解,大部分被排出,引起经济与环境问题.广... 详细信息

反刍动物消化道降解纤维的效率相对较慢,不能满足奶牛的高能量和氨基酸的需求,需要在日粮中加以补充.但是淀粉精料容易引起瘤胃代谢的紊乱,并抑制了纤维消化;而日粮蛋白质在瘤胃中很快被微生物降解,大部分被排出,引起经济与环境问题.广义的生物技术,尤其是重组DNA技术有可能控制这种不良影响,提高集约化饲养中反刍动物的瘤胃发酵效率.

关键词：营养水平生物技术反刍动物应用

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Mechanisms, prevention and clinical implications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第12期19卷 1861-1876页

作者： john L wallace Farncombe Family Digestive Health research Institute McMaster University Inflammation research Network University of Calgary

This article reviews the latest developments in understanding the pathogenesis, detection and treatment of small intestinal damage and bleeding caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). With improvements in the detection of NSAID-induced damage in the small intestine, it is now clear that this injury and the associated bleeding occurs more frequently than that occurring in the stomach and duodenum, and can also be regarded as more dangerous. However, there are no proven-effective therapies for NSAID-enteropathy, and detection remains a challenge, particularly because of the poor correlation between tissue injury and symptoms. Moreover, recent studies suggest that commonly used drugs for protecting the upper gastrointestinal tract (i.e., proton pump inhibitors) can significantly worsen NSAID-induced damage in the small intestine. The pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy is complex, but studies in animal models are shedding light on the key factors that contribute to ulceration and bleeding, and are providing clues to the development of effective therapies and prevention strategies. Novel NSAIDs that do not cause small intestinal damage in animal models offer hope for a solution to this serious adverse effect of one of the most widely used classes of drugs.

关键词： Anti-inflammatory Ulcer Prostaglandin Non-steroidal Bleeding Intestinal Bile Enterohepatic Bacteria Hydrogen sulfide Aspirin Hemorrhage

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ZONAL AND MErIDIONAL CIrCULATIONS IN THE EQUA-TOrIALZONE AS DEDUCED FrOM THE DIVErGENCE FIELD OF THE SUrFACE WIND

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第4期4卷 432-446页

作者：王绍武,Todd P.Mitchell,john M.wallace Department of Geophysics Peking University Todd P. Mitchell and john M. wallace Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A.

The zonal and meridional circulations and their variability arc examined on the basis of the surface wind data for 1950-1979. The climatological mean zonal wind and its divergence arc examined in reference to the Walker Circulation. The role played by the meridional circulation in contributing to convergence of the surface wind field within the equatorial zone is emphasized. regression coefficients are used to infer seasonal mean anomalies of divergence of the surface wind in years when the sea level pressure is 1 hPa above normal at Darwin, a condition representative of El Nino events. It is shown that anomalies in the divergence associated with the meridional wind component are primarily responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Central Pacific, while the anomalous divergence associated with the zonal wind component may cause the drought in the Western Pacific near Indonesia. A similar pattern of divergence anomalies is evident during three consecutive seasons beginning in northern summer and end

关键词： Nino over ZONAL AND MErIDIONAL CIrCULATIONS IN THE EQUA-TOrIALZONE AS DEDUCED FrOM THE DIVErGENCE FIELD OF THE SUrFACE WIND

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Chrysanthemum coronarium as a Modulator of the Biohydrogenation of Linoleic Acid in the rumen

Chrysanthemum coronarium as a Modulator of the Biohydrogenat...

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中国畜牧兽医学会家畜内科学分会2009年学术研讨会

作者： john wallace rowett research Institute University of AberdeenAberdeen AB21 9SBUK

Inclusion of a daisy plant,Chrysanthemum coronarium,in a dairy sheep diet has been reported to result in increased concentrations of health-promoting conjugated linoleic acids(CLA) and vaccenic acid(VA;trans-11-18:1) in *** aim of this study was to determine if *** affected the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid(LA;cis-9,cis-12-18:2) to CLA,VA and stearic acid(SA;18:0) by ruminal *** digesta from four sheep receiving a mixed hay-concentrate diet were incubated in vitro with LA±dried whole-plant *** *** *** of LA disappearance and SA production decreased(Presult of *** addition,and VA accumulation doubled(Prysanthemum parthenium and Chrysanthemum vulgare had much smaller effects on biohydrogenation,and commercial samples of *** flowers and leaves were also less effective than *** *** *** added to cultures of the only known ruminal SA-forming bacterium,Clostridium proteoclasticum,also inhibited LA metabolism by,but not growth of,this *** analysis indicated that *** *** Gem had a high content ofα-linolenic acid(LNA;cis-9,cis-12,cis-15-18:3;1.76%) compared to the other samples(ractions derived from differential(Soxhlet) solvent extraction,only extracts containing LNA affected LA metabolism by *** LNA inhibits biohydrogenation of LA at high concentrations, it was concluded that LNA was responsible for changes in the biohydrogenating activity of ruminal bacteria that had lead to the altered fatty acid composition of milk from animals receiving ***.

关键词： biohydrogenation conjugated linoleic acid rumen vaccenic acid

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Adaptive and local analysis of climate data

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Engineering Sciences 2014年第2期12卷 36-40页

作者： Wu Zhaohua Huang Norden E wallace john M Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State University First Institute of Oceanography SOA Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington

This paper focuses on how to extract physically meaningful information from climate data,with emphases placed on adaptive and local analysis. It is argued that many traditional statistical analysis methods with rigorous mathematical footing may not be efficient in extracting essential physical information from climate data;rather,adaptive and local analysis methods that agree well with fundamental physical principles are more capable of capturing key information of climate data. To illustrate the improved power of adaptive and local analysis of climate data,we also introduce briefly the empirical mode decomposition and its later developments.

关键词： statistical analysis of data adaptive analysis of data locality of analysis empirical mode decom- position ensemble empirical mode decomposition global warming trend multidecadal climate variability

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Comparison of FDA safety and efficacy data for KAMrA and raindrop corneal inlays

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第9期10卷 1446-1451页

作者： Majid Moshirfar Jordan D Desautels ryan T wallace Nicholas Koen Phillip C.Hoopes HDr research Center Hoopes VisionDraperUtah 84020United States john A.Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtah 84132United States Tufts University School of Medicine BostonMassachusetts 02111United States Brigham Young University ProvoUtah 84602United States Brown University Alpert School of Medicine ProvidenceRhode Island 02906United States

AIM：To provide a side-by-side analysis of the summary of safety and effectiveness data（SSED）submitted to the FDA for the KAMrA and raindrop corneal inlays for the correction of ***：SSED reports submitted to the FDA for KAMrA and raindrop were compared with respect to loss of corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）,adverse event rates,induction of astigmatism,retention of contrast sensitivity,stability of manifest refractive spherical equivalent（MrSE）,and achieved monocular uncorrected near visual acuity（UNVA）at ***：Totally 442/508 of KAMrA patients and344/373 raindrop patients remained enrolled in the clinical trials at *** proportion of KAMrA and raindrop patients who lost≥2 lines of CDVA at 24mo was 3.4%and1%,*** adverse event rate was comparable between the *** significant inductions of astigmatism were *** technologies induced a transient myopic shift in MrSE followed by a hyperopic shift and subsequent *** 87%of KAMrA and 98%of raindrop patients attained a monocular UNVA of J5（20/40）or better at 24mo,28%of KAMrA and 67%of raindrop patients attained a monocular UNVA of J1（20/20）or better at ***：Both devices can be considered safe and effective,however,the results of corneal inlay implantation are mixed,and long-term patient satisfaction will likely depend on subjective expectations about the capabilities of the *** in surgical technique and postoperative care within and between the two clinical trials diminishes the comparative power of this article.

关键词： KAMrA raindrop presbyopia comeal inlay

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Total pancreatectomy: Short- and long-term outcomes at a high-volume pancreas center

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第9期8卷 634-642页

作者： Hazem M Zakaria john A Stauffer Massimo raimondo Timothy A Woodward Michael B wallace Horacio J Asbun Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery National Liver Institute Menoufia University Al-Minufya 22732 Egypt Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL 32224 United States Department of Gastroenterology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL 32224 United States

AIM To identify the current indications and outcomes of total pancreatectomy at a high-volume center. METHODS A single institutional retrospective study of patients undergoing total pancreatectomy from 1995 to 2014 was *** One hundred and three patients underwent totalpancreatectomy for indications including: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(n = 42, 40.8%), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(n = 40, 38.8%), chronic pancreatitis(n = 8, 7.8%), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(n = 7, 6.8%), and miscellaneous(n = 6, 5.8%). The mean age was 66.2 years, and 59(57.3%) were female. Twenty-four patients(23.3%) underwent a laparoscopic total pancreatectomy. Splenic preservation and portal vein resection and reconstruction were performed in 24(23.3%) and 18 patients(17.5%), respectively. The 90 d major complications, readmission, and mortality rates were 32%, 17.5%, and 6.8% respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year survival for patients with benign indications were 84%, 82%, 79.5%, and 75.9%, and for malignant indications were 64%, 40.4%, 34.7% and 30.9%, *** Total pancreatectomy, including laparoscopic total pancreatectomy, appears to be an appropriate option for selected patients when treated at a high-volume pancreatic center and through a multispecialty approach.

关键词： Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms Laparoscopic total pancreatectomy Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Laparoscopy Pancreas cyst Pancreas cancer

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Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1269-1277页

作者： Dujinthan Jayabalan Yi Huang Luis Calzadilla-Bertot Malik Janjua Bastiaan de Boer.john Joseph Wendy Cheng Simon Hazeldine Briohny W Smith Gerry C MacQuillan Michael C wallace George Garas Leon A Adams Gary P Jeffrey Medical School University of Western AustraliaNed-lands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology PathWest Laboratory MedicineNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150Western AustraliaAustralia Medical School University of Western AustraliaNedl-ands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BACKGrOUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AILDOS)compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is *** To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related *** Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap(AIH-PBC)or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap(AIH-PSC)and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort ***-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage *** scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy[including liver outcome score(LOS),Hepascore,Mayo Score,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium(MELD-Na)score].rESULTS Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepascore was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-PBC,27%AIH-PSC).There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBC and *** was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality(Priminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients(P=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%specificity)(Harrell's C-statistic 0.867).The MELD score,MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any *** Survival in the rare,AILDOS is *** current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC *** trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes Liver outcome score Liver-related death Hepascore Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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瘤胃被保护脂肪在奶牛日粮中的应用

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国外畜牧学（饲料） 1997年第3期 28-30页

作者：苏从成王荣芝 john wallace

使高产奶牛摄取更多的能量是一种挑战,特别是在泌乳早期和炎热天气。补充过瘤胃脂肪或被保护脂肪是最有效的饲养手段之一。这种方法从开始试验已有20多年,商业上实际应用也有15年以上。但至今,并不是所有的被保护脂肪产品都以相同的方... 详细信息

使高产奶牛摄取更多的能量是一种挑战,特别是在泌乳早期和炎热天气。补充过瘤胃脂肪或被保护脂肪是最有效的饲养手段之一。这种方法从开始试验已有20多年,商业上实际应用也有15年以上。但至今,并不是所有的被保护脂肪产品都以相同的方式进行作用,或在家畜中导致相似的生产性能。而且,这些产品在配合饲料时的需要量不同,操作特性也不同。泌乳早期的能量挑战在泌乳最初的2～3个月内。

关键词：瘤胃脂肪乳牛饲料饲养

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