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Energy System Selection for Small Underwater Vehicles

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journal of Thermal Science 1994年第1期3卷 7-14页

作者： G.T.reader j.G.Hawley 等 DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering UniversityofCalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada royalNavalEngineeringCol

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关键词：小型水下飞行器能量选择原物质

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Technical and conceptual considerations forusing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINArD-THULY Stefanie GIErSZEWSKI Gil G. rOSENTHAL Simon M. reader Guillaume rIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo robert GErLAI Cynthia TEDOrE Spencer j. INGLEY john r. STOWErS joachim G.FrOMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision Group Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA research Institute of Molecular Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （Vr） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing＂ and ＂replacing＂ the animals used, and ＂refining＂ the experimental design in line withthe 3rs. However, appropriate use of these technologies raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer guidelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand Vrs. Although our review is geared toward computer-graphically designed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and Vr allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental design, virtual reality, visual communication.

N^(6)-adenosine methylation(m^(6)A)is involved in the life and death decisions of T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第4期20卷 316-317页

作者： j.j.A.Cali j.van Loosdregt Center for Translational Immunology University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands Pediatric Immunology&rheumatology Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands

N6-adenosine methylation (m^(6)A) is the most abundant modification observed in mrNA transcripts. It is a dynamic modification that is performed by members of the so-called writer complex (including Wtap, Virma and Mettl3) and that can be removed by so-called eraser proteins [1]. In addition, m^(6)A is recognized by reader proteins (including Ythdf2) that can exert a response. readers and m^(6)A can modify virtually all mrNA processes, including rNA splicing, secondary structures, nuclear export and transcript stability [1]. The functional relevance of m^(6)A-mediated regulation in specific cell types and treatment conditions remains only partly understood. In T cells, earlier studies have demonstrated a relevant role for m^(6)A in T effector (Teff), T follicular helper (TFH) and T regulatory (Treg) cells through manipulation of m^(6)A pathway genes in mice [2,3,4,5,6]. In these studies, disruption of m^(6)A resulted in dysregulation of gene expression patterns and caused colitis and systemic autoinflammatory disease. In a recent study by Ito-Kureha et al., the authors set out to further understand how m^(6)A signaling affects T-cell functions by manipulating Wtap in select T cells with a murine knockout model [7]. They found that m^(6)A signaling controls many aspects of T-cell immunobiology: activation, proliferation, life, and death.

关键词： manipulation life

脉冲多卜勒和动目标显示雷达的一种新校准方法

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现代雷达 1988年第Z1期 184-188页

作者： K.N.reader j.Clarke r.Lappage 郭衡清

前言为了描述任何雷达的距离性能,必须在真实目标(战斗机、轰炸机、导弹等),或各种科学研究用标准目标之间作出选择。虽然,运动目标最适合用来代表现实世界,但是,由于其雷达截面积随视角有极大的变化,除非能取得大量统计采样,否则,通常... 详细信息

前言为了描述任何雷达的距离性能,必须在真实目标(战斗机、轰炸机、导弹等),或各种科学研究用标准目标之间作出选择。虽然,运动目标最适合用来代表现实世界,但是,由于其雷达截面积随视角有极大的变化,除非能取得大量统计采样,否则,通常必须把它看成仅是定性分析用的目标。还进一步要求对目标本身进行校准。因此,要获得对真实目标的定量分析结果,其费用是极高的。相反,用标准目标获得定量分析数据是经济的。角反射器、伦伯透镜、球体和有源应答器就是这类标准目标的一些例子。为了校准任何标准目标,球体是通常选用的,因为球体的

关键词：球体立体几何飞艇气艇飞行器雷达截面积等效反射面积缆绳测量结果直升机直升飞机航空研究院牵引绳动目标显示球形校准方法

restraint Induces Sickness responses Independent of Injection with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded dUTPase

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journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第11期4卷 491-505页

作者： Taryn G. Aubrecht Bachir Abi Salloum Maria Eugenia Ariza Marshall Williams Brenda reader ronald Glaser john Sheridan randy j. Nelson Departments of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Departments of Molecular Virology Immunology & Medical Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Institute for Behavioral Medicine research Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Division of Bioscience College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Most adult humans have been infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a putative cause of chronic fatigue syndrome, and carry latent EBV. The EBV-encoded dUTPase can induce sickness responses in mice and chronic stress exacerbates this response. Because individuals often adapt to chronic stress, we tested the hypothesis that acute restraint stress would potentiate these sickness responses elicited by EBV-encoded dUTPase. Male CD-1 mice were injected daily for one or three days with either saline or EBV-encoded dUTPase. Additionally, mice from each condition were either restrained for three hours daily or left undisturbed during the light phase when mice are inactive. restraint decreased weight gain during the one- and three-day experiments. restraint in saline injected mice increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field during the three-day experiment. There were no behavioral differences during the one-day experiment. restraint stress had no effect when experienced acutely on one day, but did produce a sickness response after three days of exposure regardless of saline or dUTPase injection. In contrast to the effects of chronic stress and EBV-encoded dUTPase on the sickness response, acute stress did not affect sickness responses in association with EBV-encoded dUTPase. Thus, dUTPase does not appear to provoke the same sickness responses after acute stress as compared to chronic stress.

关键词： Epstein-Barr Virus restraint Stress Sickness response Anxiety-Like and Depressive-Like Behaviors

Eigenvalue Solver for Fluid and Kinetic Plasma Models in Arbitrary Magnetic Topology

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第6期20卷 136-155页

作者： D.A.Baver j.r.Myra M.V.Umansky Lodestar research Corporation Boulder Colorado 80301USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory USA

ArbiTEr(Arbitrary Topology Equation reader)is a new code for solving linear eigenvalue problems arising from a broad range of physics and geometry *** primary application area envisioned is boundary plasma physics in magnetic confinement devices;however ArbiTEr should be applicable to other science and engineering fields as *** code permits a variable numbers of dimensions,making possible application to both fluid and kinetic *** use of specialized equation and topology parsers permits a high degree of flexibility in specifying the physics and geometry.

关键词： Plasma eigensolver finite difference method finite element method SLEPc PETSc field-line following coordinates snowflake divertor

Chronic Physical Stress Does Not Interact with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded Dutpase to Alter the Sickness response

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journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第11期5卷 513-523页

作者： Taryn G. Aubrecht Zachary M. Weil Bachir Abi Salloum Maria Eugenia Ariza Marshall Williams Brenda reader ronald Glaser john Sheridan randy j. Nelson Departments of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Molecular Virology Immunology & Medical Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Institute of Behavioral Medicine research Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Division of Biosciences College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Most adult humans have been infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is thought to contribute to the development of chronic fatigue syndrome. Stress is known to influence the immune system and can exacerbate the sickness response. Although a role for psychological stress in the sickness response, particularly in combination with EBV-encoded deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) has been established, and the role of physical stressors in these interactions remains unspecified. In this study, we seek to determine the interaction of chronic physical (swim) stress and EBV-encoded dUTPase injection. We hypothesize that a chronic physical stressor will exacerbate the sickness response following EBV-encoded dUTPase injection. To test this hypothesis mice receive daily injections of EBV-encoded dUTPase or vehicle and are subjected to 15 min of swim stress each day for 14 days or left unmanipulated. On the final evening of injections mice undergo behavioral testing. EBV-encoded dUTPase injection alone produces some sickness behaviors. The physical swimming stress does not alter the sickness response.

关键词： Epstein-Barr Virus Swim Stress Sickness response

LONGITUDINAL DISPErSION IN OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW

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International journal of Sediment research 1992年第2期 65-83页

作者： U.P. SINGH, r.j. GArDE, and K.G. rANGA rAjU ( reader in Civil Engg, Institute of Technolngy, Banaras University, Varanasi, India Emeritus Scientist, Central Water and Power research Station, Pune, India Professor of Civil Engg., University of roorkee, India.)

Laboratory experiments on longitudinal dispersion in clear-water and sedimentladen flows are reported. These experiments indicate that the presence of suspended sediment does not have a significant effect on the dispersion process other than its possible effect on the friction factor. Analysis of the writers' and other's data collected in laboratory flumes and natural streams Shows that Taylor's model of longitudinal dispersion based on one-dimensional Fickian diffusion equation with a constant dispersion coefficient, DL, is not suitable for describing the dispersion process in natural streams as DL tends to increase in the downstream direction. Therefore, a similarity analysis of the concentration distributions, on the lines of Day and Wood, has been carried out. Based on dimensional analysis an improved empirical method has been obtained for predicting the concentration-time relation without the use of DL

关键词： Longitudinal dispersion Conservative pollutant 1-D Fickian diffusion equation.

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Guo XIA, IHAC

journal of Ancient Civilizations 2004年第1期19卷 135-136页

作者： r.j.rHODES

r.j. rhodes's reader focuses on the political institutions, political activity, history and nature of Athenian democracy and introduces some of the best British,American, German, and French scholarship on its origins, theory, and practice. The chapters of this book are grouped according to the kind of topic investigated, and variety of approaches will be found in each part of the book. Part I is devoted to political institutions, with chapters on Athenian citizenship (Chapter 1),

关键词：政治形势政治体制公民权利政治结构《国家》书评