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A novel optical burst switching architecture for high speed networks

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第11期6卷 807-811页

作者： Amit Kumar.garg r.S.Kaler School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (J and K)India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar University (Punjab)India

A novel optical burst switching （OBS） high speed network architecture has been proposed. To verify its feasibility and evaluate its performance, just-enough-time （JET） signaling has been considered as a high performance protocol. In the proposed architecture, to avoid burst losses, firstly, a short-prior- confirmation-packet （SPCP） is sent over the control channel that simulates the events that the actual packet will experience. Once SPCP detects a drop at any of the intermediate nodes, the actual packet is not sent but the process repeats. In order to increase network utilization, cost effectiveness and to overcome some limitations of conventional OBS, inherent codes （e.g., orthogonal optical codes （OOC））, which are codified only in intensity, has been used. Through simulations, it shows that a decrease in burst loss probability, cost effectiveness and a gain in processing time are obtained when optical label processing is used as compared with electronic processing.

关键词： node OBS A novel optical burst switching architecture for high speed networks length high

Performance analysis of an integrated scheme in optical burst switching high-speed networks

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第4期6卷 244-247页

作者： Amit Kumar.garg r.S.Kaler School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University(J and K) India School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar University Patiala PunjabIndia

A new integrated scheme based on resource-reservation and adaptive network flow routing to alleviate contention in optical burst switching networks is proposed. The objective of the proposed scheme is to reduce the overall burst loss in the network and at the same time to avoid the packet out-of-sequence arrival problem. Simulations are carried out to assess the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Its performance is compared with that of contention resolution schemes based on conventional routing. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme not only provides significantly better burst loss performance than the basic equal proportion and hop-length based traffic routing algorithms, but also is void of any packet re-orderings.

关键词： rate node Performance analysis of an integrated scheme in optical burst switching high-speed networks OBS length

Elastodynamic analysis of anisotropic liquid-saturated porous medium due to mechanical sources

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2007年第8期28卷 1049-1059页

作者： rajneesh Kumar Aseem Miglani N.r.garg Department of Mathematics Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136 119India Department of Mathematics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar-125 001India Department of Mathematics Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak-124 001India

Elastodynamic analysis of an anisotropic liquid-saturated porous medium is made to study a deformation problem of a transversely isotropic liquid-saturated porous medium due to mechanical sources. Certain physical problems are of the nature, in which the deformation takes place only in one direction, e.g., the problem relating to deformed structures and columns. In soil mechanics, an assumption of only vertical subsidence is often invoked and this leads to the one dimensional model of poroelasticity. By consid- ering a model of one-dimensional deformation of the anisotropic liquid-saturated porous medium, variations in disturbances are observed with reference to time and distance. The distributions of displacements and stresses are affected due to the anisotropy of the medium, and also due to the type of sources causing the disturbances.

关键词： elastodynamic anisotropic liquid-saturated porous laplace transform,impulsive and concentrated sources

Linguistic Single-Valued Neutrosophic Power Aggregation Operators and Their Applications to Group Decision-Making Problems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 546-558页

作者： Harish garg Nancy School of Mathematics Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Deemed University

Linguistic single-valued neutrosophic set(LSVNS)is a more reliable tool,which is designed to handle the uncertainties of the situations involving the qualitative *** the present manuscript,we introduce some power aggregation operators(AOs)for the LSVNSs,whose purpose is to diminish the influence of inevitable arguments about the decision-making *** it,first we develop some averaging power operators,namely,linguistic single-valued neutrosophic(LSVN)power averaging,weighted average,ordered weighted average,and hybrid averaging AOs along with their desirable ***,we extend it to the geometric power AOs for *** on the proposed work;an approach to solve the group decision-making problems is given along with the numerical ***,a comparative study and the validity tests are present to discuss the reliability of the proposed operators.

关键词： Aggregation operator(AO) group decision making linguistic neutrosophic numbers neutrosophic set power operators

Covalent Bond Based Android Malware Detection Using Permission and System Call Pairs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4283-4301页

作者： rahul Gupta Kapil Sharma r.K.garg Department of Information Technology Delhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi110042India Department of Mechanical Engineering Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and TechnologyMurthal131039India

The prevalence of smartphones is deeply embedded in modern society,impacting various aspects of our *** versatility and functionalities have fundamentally changed how we communicate,work,seek entertainment,and access *** the many smartphones available,those operating on the Android platform dominate,being the most widely used *** widespread adoption of the Android OS has significantly contributed to increased malware attacks targeting the Android ecosystem in recent ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for detecting Android *** literature contains numerous works related to Android malware *** far as our understanding extends,we are the first ones to identify dangerous combinations of permissions and system calls to uncover malicious behavior in Android *** introduce a novel methodology that pairs permissions and system calls to distinguish between benign and malicious *** approach combines the advantages of static and dynamic analysis,offering a more comprehensive understanding of an application’s *** establish covalent bonds between permissions and system calls to assess their combined *** introduce a novel technique to determine these pairs’Covalent Bond Strength *** pair is assigned two scores,one for malicious behavior and another for benign *** scores serve as the basis for classifying applications as benign or *** correlating permissions with system calls,the study enables a detailed examination of how an app utilizes its requested permissions,aiding in differentiating legitimate and potentially harmful *** comprehensive analysis provides a robust framework for Android malware detection,marking a significant contribution to the *** results of our experiments demonstrate a remarkable overall accuracy of 97.5%,surpassing various state-of-the-art detection techniques proposed in the current literature.

关键词： Android malware android security hybrid analysis permission and system call pairs

Characterization of value-added chemicals derived from the thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation of sewage sludge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 185-198页

作者： Milan Malhotra Anurag garg Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowai Mumbai 400076India

We evaluated the effect of hydrothermal pretreatments,i.e.,thermal hydrolysis(TH)and wet oxidation(WO)on sewage sludge to promote resource *** hydrothermal processes were performed under mild temperature conditions(140°C–180°C)in a high pressure *** reaction in acidic environment(pH=3.3)suppressed the formation of the color imparting undesirable Maillard’s *** oxidative conditions resulted in higher volatile suspended solids(VSS)reduction(~90%)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal(~55%)whereas TH caused VSS and COD removals of~65%and~27%,respectively at a temperature of 180°*** TH,the concentrations of carbohydrates and proteins in treated sludge were 400–1000 mg/L and 1500–2500 mg/L,***,WO resulted in solids solubilization followed by oxidative degradation of organics into smaller molecular weight carboxylic acids such as acetic acid(~400–500 mg/L).Based on sludge transformation products generated during the hydrothermal pretreatments,simplified reaction pathways are ***,the application of macromolecules(such as proteins),VFAs and nutrients present in the treated sludge are also *** future study should focus on the development of economic recovery methods for various value-added compounds.

关键词： Hydrothermal pretreatment reaction kinetics reaction pathway Sewage sludge Thermal hydrolysis Wet oxidation

PErFACT procedure:A new concept to treat highly complex anal fistula

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 4020-4029页

作者： Pankaj garg Mahak garg Indus Super Specialty Hospital Haryana 134113India

AIM: To check the efficacy of the PErFACT procedure in highly complex ***: The PErFACT procedure(proximal superficial cauterization, emptying regularly fistula tracts and curettage of tracts) entails two steps: superficial cauterization of mucosa at and around the internal opening and keeping all the tracts clean. The principle is to permanently close the internal opening by granulation tissue. This is achieved by superficial electrocauterization at and around the internal opening and subsequently allowing the wound to heal by secondary intention. Along with this, all the tracts are curetted and it is ensured that they remain empty and clean in the postoperative period until they heal completely. The latter step also facilitates the closure of the internal opening by preventing collected fluid in the tracts from entering the internal opening and thus not letting it close. Objective incontinence scoring was done preoperatively and 3 mo after the ***: Fifty-one patients with complex fistula-inano were prospectively enrolled. The median followup was 9 mo(5-14 mo). The mean age was 42.7 ± 11.3 years. Male:female ratio was 43:8. Fistula was recurrent in 76.5%(39/51), horseshoe in 50.1%(26/51), had multiple tracts in 52.9%(27/51), had an associated abscess in 41.2%(21/51), was anterior in 33.3%(17/51), the internal opening was not found in 15.7%(8/51) and 9.8%(5/51) of fistulas had a supralevator extension. Seven patients were excluded(5 lost to follow up, 2 with tuberculosis leading to/associated with fistula-in-ano). The success rate was 79.5%(35/44) and the recurrence rate was 20.5%(9/44). Out of these recurrences, three underwent reoperation(2 PErFACT procedure, 1 fistulotomy) and all three were successful. Thus, the overall success rate was 86.4%. The only complication was a non-healing tract in 9.1%(4/44) of patients. There was no significant change in objective incontinence scores three months after the operation. The pain was minim

关键词： Anal fistula Fistula-in-ano Incontinence recurrent

garg incontinence scores: New scoring system on the horizon to evaluate fecal incontinence. Will it make a difference?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 204-210页

作者： Petr Tsarkov Inna Tulina Parvez Sheikh Darya D Shlyk Pankaj garg Department of Colorectal Surgery Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Department of Oncologic Colorectal Surgery Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Department of Colorectal Surgery Saifee HospitalMumbai 400004MaharashtraIndia Department of Colorectal Surgery Garg Fistula Research InstitutePanchkula 134113HaryanaIndia

The main aim of this opinion review is to comment on the recent article published by garg et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:4593–*** authors in the published article developed a new scoring system,garg incon-tinence scores(GIS),for fecal incontinence(FI).FI is a chronic debilitating disease that has a severe negative impact on the quality of life of the *** IV criteria define FI as multiple episodes of solid or liquid stool passed into the clothes at least twice a *** associated social stigmatization often leads to significant under-reporting of the condition,which further impairs *** important point is that the complexity and vagueness of the disease make it difficult for the patients to properly define and report the magnitude of the problem to their *** to this,the management becomes even more *** issue is resolved up to a considerable extent by a scoring *** were several scoring systems in use for the last three *** prominent of them were the Cleveland Clinic scoring system or the Wexner scoring system,*** Hospital or Vaizey’s scores,and the FI severity ***,there were several shortcomings in these scoring *** the opinion review,we tried to analyze the strength of GIS and compare it to the existing scoring *** main pitfalls in the existing scoring systems were that most of them gave equal weightage to different types of FI(solid,liquid,flatus,etc.),were not comprehensive,and took only the surgeon’s perception of FI into *** GIS,almost all shortcomings of previous scoring systems had been addressed:different weights were assigned to different types of FI by a robust statistical methodology;the scoring system was made comprehensive by including all types of FI that were previously omitted(urge,stress and mucus FI)and gave priority to patients’rather than the physicians’perceptions while developing the scoring *** to this,GIS in

关键词： Fecal incontinence Scoring system Urge Stress Flatus

E-Learning during COVID-19 Outbreak: Cloud Computing Adoption in Indian Public Universities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2471-2492页

作者： Amit Kumar Bhardwaj Lalit garg Arunesh garg Yuvraj Gajpal L.M.Thapar School of Management Thapar Institute of Engineering&TechnologyDera BassiPunjabIndia Faculty of Information&Communication Technology University of MaltaMsidaMSD2080Malta Supply Chain Management Asper School of BusinessUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

In the COVID-19 pandemic situation,the need to adopt cloud computing(CC)applications by education institutions,in general,and higher education(HE)institutions,in particular,has especially increased to engage students in an online mode and remotely carrying out *** adoption of CC across various sectors,including HE,has been picking momentum in the developing countries in the last few *** the Indian context,the CC adaptation in the HE sector(HES)remains a less thoroughly explored sector,and no comprehensive study is reported in the ***,the aim of the present study is to overcome this research vacuum and examine the factors that impact the CC adoption(CCA)by HE institutions(HEIs)in *** scope of the study is limited to public universities(PUs)in *** are,in total,465 Indian PUs and among these 304 PUs,(i.e.,65%PUs)are surveyed using questionnaire-based *** study has put forth a novel integrated technology adoption framework consisting of the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM),Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE),and Diffusion of Innovation(DOI)in the context of the *** integrated TAM-TOE-DOI framework is utilized in the study to analyze eleven hypotheses concerning factors of CCA that have been tested using structural equation modelling(SEM)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The findings reveal that competitive advantage(CA),technology compatibility(TC),technology readiness(Tr),senior leadership support,security concerns,government support,and vendor support are the significant contributing factors of CCA by Indian *** study contends that whereas the rest of the factors positively affect the PUs’intention towards CCA,security concerns are a significant reason for the reluctance of these universities against adopting *** findings demonstrated the application of an integrated TAM-TOE-DOI framework to assess determining factors of CCA in Indian ***,the study has given useful insights into the suc

关键词： Cloud computing higher education institutions public universities adoption techniques TAM TOE DOI structural equation modeling(SEM)