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发光——海洋生物的迷人超能力

海洋世界 2024年第10期 16-25页

作者：姚尚可(编译/整理) Séverine Martini Warren r.francis 不详法国维尔弗朗什海洋学实验室丹麦南方大学生物系

你知道有些海洋里的生物具有我们所没有的超能力吗?这个能力被称为生物发光(bioluminescence)词中的“bios”在希腊语里的意思是“生命”,而“lumen”在拉丁语中意为“光”。

关键词：超能力生物发光海洋生物拉丁语希腊语

CT偶发肾上腺肿块的管理--美国放射学院(ACr)偶发病变委员会白皮书

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放射学实践 2018年第2期33卷 134-140页

作者： William W.Mayo-Smith Julie H.Song Giles L.Boland Isaac r.francis Gary M.Israel Peter J.Mazzaglia Lincoln L.Berland Pari V.Pandharipande 张惠茅胡道予江新青刘爱连伍兵不详吉林大学第一医院放射科长春华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院放射科武汉华南理工大学附属广州市第一人民医院放射科广州大连医科大学附属第一医院放射科大连四川大学华西医院放射科成都

美国放射学院(American College of radiology,ACr)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)针对CT和MrI上偶然发现的肾上腺肿块,提出了新的管理建议。该建议是对美国放射学院杂志(JACr)2010版肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏及胰腺偶发... 详细信息

美国放射学院(American College of radiology,ACr)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)针对CT和MrI上偶然发现的肾上腺肿块,提出了新的管理建议。该建议是对美国放射学院杂志(JACr)2010版肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏及胰腺偶发病变管理白皮书中肾上腺部分的更新。由腹部放射科医师和1位内分泌外科医生组成的肾上腺亚组委员会制定了该方案。该方案结合已发表的文献和专家意见,经过反复推敲最终达成共识。该方案依据患者的特征和图像的特点对偶然发现的肾上腺肿块进行分类。对于每种特定的组合,总结良性或惰性的特征(足以终止随访),并提出后续管理建议。该方案涵盖了很多、但并非适用于所有的病理及临床情况,旨在通过提供肾上腺偶发肿块的管理意见以提升医疗质量。

关键词：肾上腺结节偶发病变偶发瘤

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奥巴马的经济复兴有赖于中国

财经文摘 2009年第1期 48-48页

作者： David r.francis 孙玮（编译）

美国为了创造就业机会，将对摇摇欲坠的企业提供援助、发展绿色产业、刺激消费。在奥巴马就任总统的最初日子里，他的政府还将向中国施压，要求中国调整其与美国的不平衡的贸易关系，中美不平衡的贸易关系不仅助长了美国的房地产泡沫，... 详细信息

美国为了创造就业机会，将对摇摇欲坠的企业提供援助、发展绿色产业、刺激消费。在奥巴马就任总统的最初日子里，他的政府还将向中国施压，要求中国调整其与美国的不平衡的贸易关系，中美不平衡的贸易关系不仅助长了美国的房地产泡沫，而且还延缓了这场经济不景气的结束。

关键词：中国经济复兴巴马贸易关系房地产泡沫经济不景气就业机会绿色产业

胰腺导管腺癌放射学报告模板:腹部放射协会和美国胰腺协会的共识声明

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影像诊断与介入放射学 2014年第4期23卷 350-357页

作者： Mahmoud M.Al-Hawary Isaac r.francis Suresh T.Chari Elliot K.Fishman David M.Hough David S.Lu Michael Macari Alec J.Megibow Frank H.Miller Dushyant V.Sahani Diane M.Simeone 黄翔孙灿辉东莞市人民医院放射科广东东莞523059 中山大学附属第一医院医学影像科广东广州510080

胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)是一种具有侵袭性、死亡率高的恶性肿瘤。在肿瘤分期时,通过影像学分析,合理判定肿瘤的范围,是患者治疗措施中最重要的步骤之一。考虑到不同医生在专业知识水平和疾病严重程度的判定有所差异,以及在放射学检查时经常... 详细信息

胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)是一种具有侵袭性、死亡率高的恶性肿瘤。在肿瘤分期时,通过影像学分析,合理判定肿瘤的范围,是患者治疗措施中最重要的步骤之一。考虑到不同医生在专业知识水平和疾病严重程度的判定有所差异,以及在放射学检查时经常缺乏相关影像学表现的完整报道,有必要采用标准化的影像学报告模板以及大家一致接受和认可的胰腺实性肿瘤术语。在腹部放射协会和美国胰腺协会的共同资助下,胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)多机构专家组(包括放射学专家、胃肠病学和肝胆胰外科学专家)共同发起了一份描述标准化报告模板的共识声明。采用这种标准化的影像学报告模板将能改进PDA患者的治疗决策过程,并可通过提供一份完整、相关、精准的疾病分期报告以优化治疗方案。通过对可行手术切除的患者恰当、一致的分期,标准化报告模板有助于促进临床和科研实验设计,从而实现在不同机构之间的实验结果的比较。

关键词：胰腺导管腺癌放射学检查报告模板协会美国腹部影像学分析疾病严重程度

Complex role for the immune system in initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11160-11181页

作者： Kristin S Inman Amanda A francis Nicole r Murray Department of Cancer Biology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL 32224United States

The immune system plays a complex role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inflammation can promote the formation of premalignant lesions and accelerate pancreatic cancer development. Conversely, pancreatic cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive environment, which is thought to promote tumor progression and invasion. Here we review the current literature describing the role of the immune response in the progressive development of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the mechanisms that drive recruitment and activation of immune cells at the tumor site, and our current understanding of the function of the immune cell types at the tumor. recent clinical and preclinical data are reviewed, detailing the involvement of the immune response in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, including the role of specific cytokines and implications for disease outcome. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by a predominantly innate immune response, while chronic pancreatitis elicits an immune response that involves both innate and adaptive immune cells, and often results in profound sys-temic immune-suppression. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by marked immune dysfunction driven by immunosuppressive cell types, tumor-promoting immune cells, and defective or absent inflammatory cells. recent studies reveal that immune cells interact with cancer stem cells and tumor stromal cells, and these interactions have an impact on development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC). Finally, current PDAC therapies are reviewed and the potential for harnessing the actions of the immune response to assist in targeting pancreatic cancer using immunotherapy is discussed.

关键词： Immune system Pancreatitis Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Immunosuppression Immunotherapy Inflammation

Determination of contact parameters for discrete element method simulations of granular systems

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 521-528页

作者： Kevin francis Malone Institute of Particle Science and Engineering University of Leeds

Both linear-spring-dashpot （LSD） and non-linear Hertzian-spring-dashpot （HSD） contact models are commonly used for the calculation of contact forces in Discrete Element Method （DEM） simulations of granular systems. Despite the popularity of these models, determination of suitable values for the contact parameters of the simulated particles such as stiffness, damping coefficient, coefficient of restitution, and simulation time step, is not altogether obvious. In this work the relationships between these contact parameters for a model system where a particle impacts on a flat base are examined. recommendations are made concerning the determination of these contact parameters for use in DEM simulations.

关键词： Discrete Element Method (DEM) Linear-spring--dashpot model Non-linear Hertzian-spring-dashpot model Contact parameters

Neutrino astronomy： An update

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 759-770页

作者： francis Halzen Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC) and Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA

Detecting neutrinos associated with the still enigmatic sources of cosmic rays has reached a new watershed with the completion of IceCube, the first detector with sensitivity to the anticipated fluxes. In this review, we will briefly revisit the rationale for constructing kilometer-scale neutrino detectors and summarize the status of the field.

关键词： neutrinos cosmic rays astrophysics

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy review Mechanism(TPrM)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2142-2156页

作者： francis Snyder Northwest A&F University School of Transnational Law Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School College of Europe

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy review Mechanism （TPrM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPrM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPrM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

关键词： food safety food standards public health consumer welfare China Chinese food safety laws World Trade Organization WTO law Trade Policy review Mechanism (TPrM) SPS Agreement TBT Agreement

Topological Studies of Three-dimensional Flows in a High Pressure Compressor Stator Blade row without and with Boundary Layer Aspiration

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2011年第5期24卷 541-549页

作者： Ankit SACHDEVA francis LEBOEUF Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique Ecole Centrale de Lyon

This paper presents a numerical study of the flow topologies of three-dimensional （3D） flows in a high pressure compressor stator blade row without and with boundary layer aspiration on the hub wall. The stator blade is representative of the first stage operating under transonic inlet conditions and the blade design encourages development of highly complex 3D flows. The blade has a small tip clearance. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） studies show progressive increase of hub corner stall with the increase in incidence. Aspiration is implemented on the hub wall via a slot in the comer between the hub wall and the suction surface. The CFD studies show aspiration to be sensitive to the suction flow rate; lower rate leads to very complex flow struc- tures and increased level of losses whereas higher rate renders aspiration effective for control of hub comer separation. The flow topologies are studied by trace of skin friction lines on the walls. The nature of flow can be explained by the topological rules of closed separation. Furthermore, a deeper analysis is done for a particular case with advanced criterion to test the non-degeneracy of critical points in the flow field.

关键词： high pressure compressor flow topologies three-dimensional flows boundary layer aspiration tip clearance