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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael r.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

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Soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-Min Kim Joo-Sung Kim Alan r.Needle Department of Sport Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Department of Health and Human Performance Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Department of Public Health&Exercise Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Department of rehabilitation Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALAS)are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural *** muscle inhibition(AMI)has been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which AMI is typically *** AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this ***:AMI was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAS within 72 h of injury:10 males,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 males,21.9±2.2 years;mean±SD)using the Hoffmann reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal *** stimulation was administered to identify the _(max)imal H-reflex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor response(M_(max))from the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior *** primary outcome measure was the H_(max)/M_(max) *** outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported ***:No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any ***,a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios following ALAS(0.38±0.20)compared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furthermore,lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural ***:This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS,providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal *** results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injuries Balance Hoffmann reflex Neural excitability Patient-reported outcomes

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Flexible neural probes:a review of the current advantages,drawbacks,and future demands

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第2期25卷 153-167页

作者： Sara PIMENTA Joao r.FrEITAS JoséH.COrrEIA CMEMS-UMinho University of MinhoGuimarães4800-058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic *** use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network ***,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological *** implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial *** the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition *** this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these ***,future developments and applications are ***,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.

关键词： Brain knowledge Flexible interface Multifunctional probe

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A note on a boundary condition for spouted beds

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 536-538页

作者： Norman epstein Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia2216 Main MallVancouverB.C.Canada V6T 1Z3

The boundary condition, zero solids pressure at the top of a particle bed of maximum spoutable height, Hm, is shown to eliminate any resort to empiricism in the derivation of the fluid velocity in the annulus of a spouted bed for which both viscous and inertial effects are taken into account. The same boundary condition fails when applied to a spouted bed for which the bed height H 〈 Hm, especially when H 〈 0.8Hm.

关键词： Spouted beds Annulus flow Boundary condition Particle-fluid hydrodynamics

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey M ring Lucy M Candib Erick Messias ronald M epstein Marc Tunzi Amy L Lee Christopher P Morley Carina M Brown David Slawson Jill Konkin David G Campbell Ian Couper Susan Williams robert Brooks Lucie Walters Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Family Medicine residency Program Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Public Health and Preventive Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Family Medicine residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunninghame Arm Medical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following themes:‘relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Feminism and family medicine’,‘Positive family medicine’,‘Mindful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of family medicine’,‘Public health,prevention and populations’,‘Information mastery in family medicine’and‘Clinical courage.’May readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration doctor

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Barriers and drivers for sustainable public transportation in Indian context

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第1期3卷 32-45页

作者： Gopi r Dev Vrat Pathak Saurabh Pratap Lakshay Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyVaranasiIndia

rising negative externalities,including greenhouse gas emissions,climate change,and environmental pollution,shows the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly modes of *** zero-emission,environmentally friendly electric buses in public transportation systems can be an effective solution for both developing and developed countries,including *** the Indian government is making numerous efforts to promote electric buses in commercial and public transportation systems,it faces several formidable *** research objective is to analyze and evaluate the primary factors influencing the adoption and usage of electric buses in the Indian public transportation system,within the limited available resources.A survey questionnaire is prepared with several perceptual subjects for the key perceived *** empirical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)is then performed to identify the critical *** result of this study demonstrates that the infrastructural barriers substantially impact the adoption and utilization of electric ***,the study provides critical insights and managerial implications for decision-makers.

关键词： Electric bus adoption Public transportation system Barriers Structural equation modelling Exploratory factor analysis Confirmatory factor analysis

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A Collocation Technique via Pell-Lucas Polynomials to Solve Fractional Differential EquationModel for HIV/AIDS with Treatment Compartment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 281-310页

作者： Gamze Yıldırım Suayip Yüzbası Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceAkdeniz UniversityAntalya07058Turkey Department of Mathematics Faculty of Basic ScienceGebze Technical UniversityKocaeli41400Turkey Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceBartın UniversityBartın74100Turkey

In this study,a numerical method based on the Pell-Lucas polynomials(PLPs)is developed to solve the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment *** HIV/AIDS mathematical model with a treatment compartment is divided into five classes,namely,susceptible patients(S),HIV-positive individuals(I),individuals with full-blown AIDS but not receiving ArV treatment(A),individuals being treated(T),and individuals who have changed their sexual habits sufficiently(r).According to the method,by utilizing the PLPs and the collocation points,we convert the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment into a nonlinear system of the algebraic ***,the error analysis is presented for the Pell-Lucas approximation *** aim of this study is to observe the behavior of five populations after 200 days when drug treatment is applied to HIV-infectious and full-blown AIDS *** demonstrate the usefulness of this method,the applications are made on the numerical example with the help of *** addition,four cases of the fractional order derivative(p=1,p=0.95,p=0.9,p=0.85)are examined in the range[0,200].Owing to applications,we figured out that the outcomes have quite decent ***,we understand that the errors decrease when the value of N *** figures in this study are created in *** outcomes indicate that the presented method is reasonably sufficient and correct.

关键词： Collocation method fractional differential equations HIV/AIDS epidemic model Pell-Lucas polynomials

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Stable diffusion gradients in microfluidic conduits bounded by fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 357-367页

作者： Federico Nebuloni Cyril Deroy Peter r.Cook Edmond J.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK

Assays mimicking in vitro the concentration gradients triggering biological responses like those involved in fighting infections and blood clotting are essential for biomedical *** assays prove especially attractive as they allow precise control of gradient shape allied to a reduction in *** microfluidic devices are fabricated using solid plastics that prevent direct access to responding ***-walled microfluidics allows the manufacture of circuits on standard Petri dishes in seconds,coupled to simple operating methods;cell-culture medium sitting in a standard dish is confined to circuits by fluid walls made of an immiscible *** develop and experimentally validate an analytical model of diffusion between two or more aqueous streams flowing at different rates into a fluid-walled conduit with the cross-section of a circular *** solid walls,fluid walls morph during flows as pressures fall,with wall shape changing down the *** model is validated experimentally for Fourier numbersrescein diffusing between laminar *** enables a priori prediction of concentration gradients throughout a conduit,so allowing rapid circuit design as well as providing bioscientists with an accurate way of predicting local concentrations of bioactive molecules around responsive and nonresponsive cells.

关键词： walls diffusion attractive

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Factors influencing farmers’adoption of solar water-pumping systems in Gujarat

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 157-165页

作者： M Sathish Kumar Y.A.Lad r.S.Pundir International Agribusiness Management Institute Anand Agricultural UniversityAnand388110GujaratIndia Department of HrD&PM International Agribusiness Management InstituteAnand Agricultural UniversityAnand388110GujaratIndia Department of Agribusiness Economics and Policies International Agribusiness Management InstituteAnand Agricultural UniversityAnand388110GujaratIndia

Agriculture has played an important role in the growth of the Indian *** and electricity are essential inputs for agriculture *** produces the third-largest amount of electricity in the world,behind China and the *** an incentive to increase production,most states provide free electricity to *** electricity has decreased groundwater levels and increased electricity *** objective of this study was to find out the factors that influenced farmers to adopt a solar water-pumping system in *** samples were randomly *** study examined the entire state of *** hundred and fifty farmers who adopted solar water-pumping systems were interviewed,including 50 banana farmers,50 cotton farmers and 50 groundnut *** data were collected through an *** adoption of solar water-pumping systems by farmers was identified using factor *** software was used to analyse the data *** this study,only two factors contributed to the variance of 59.469%.The adoption of solar water pumps by farmers was influenced by government policy and economic *** economic benefit variance of 33.20%was found,while a government policy variance was 26.27%.A solar water-pumping system has low initial costs,flexible credit policies motivate adoption,solar water-pumping systems can save electricity,and maintenance and repair costs are *** policy that includes solar water-pumping systems is motivated by awareness,subsidies for adoption and a fair price to sell energy *** are recommended to adopt a solar water-pumping system in conjunction with a drip irrigation system to receive additional *** successful scheme will be recommended to other states in India for implementation.

关键词： solar water-pumping system factor analysis banana cotton groundnut famers

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Falcon Optimization Algorithm-Based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4243-4262页

作者： Youseef Alotaibi B.rajasekar r.Jayalakshmi Surendran rajendran Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai600123India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceChennai602105India

rapid development in Information Technology(IT)has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)*** networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware *** communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station(BS)units such as the road Side Unit(rSU),named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I).However,the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with ***,the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is *** research demonstrates that clustering is an intelligent method for effectual routing in a mobile ***,this article presents a Falcon Optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-based routing(FOA-EECPCr)technique in *** FOA-EECPCr technique intends to group the vehicles and determine the shortest route in the *** accomplish this,the FOA-EECPCr technique initially clusters the vehicles using FOA with fitness functions comprising energy,distance,and trust *** the routing process,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is derived with a fitness function that encompasses two variables,namely,energy and distance.A series of experiments have been conducted to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCr *** experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCr approach over other current methods.

关键词： Vehicular networks communication protocol clustering falcon optimization algorithm routing

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