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Cover Crop and Irrigation Effects on Soil Microbial Communities and Enzymes in Semiarid Agroecosystems of the Central Great Plains of North America

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Pedosphere 2016年第2期26卷 192-205页

作者： Francisco J. CALDErON David NIELSEN Veronica ACOSTA-MArTINEZ Merle F. vigil Drew LYON USDA-ArS Central Great Plains Research Station Akron CO 80720 USA USDA-ArS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit Lubbock TX 79415 USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-6420 USA

Cover crops can have beneficial effects on soil microbiology by increasing carbon （C） supply, but these beneficial effects can be modulated by precipitation conditions. The objective of this study was to compare a fallow-winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） rotation to several cover crop-winter wheat rotations under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the semiarid US High Plains. Experiments were carried out at two sites, Sidney in Nebraska, and Akron in Colorado, USA, with three times of soil sampling in 2012--2013 at cover crop termination, wheat planting, and wheat maturity. The experiments included four single-species cover crops, a 10-species mixture, and a fallow treatment. The variables measured were soil C and nitrogen （N）, soil community structure by fatty acid methyl ester （FAME） profiles, and soil β-glucosidase,β-glucosaminidase, and phosphodiesterase activities. The fallow treatment, devoid of living plants, reduced the concentrations of most FAMEs at cover crop termination. The total FAME concentration was correlated with cover crop biomass （r = 0.62 at Sidney and 0.44 at Akron）. By the time of wheat planting, there was a beneficial effect of irrigation, which caused an increase in myeorrhizal and protozoan markers. At wheat maturity, the cover crop and irrigation effects on soil FAMEs had subsided, but irrigation had a positive effect on the β-glucosidase and phosphodiesterase activities at Akron, which was the drier of the two sites. Cover crops and irrigation were slow to impact soil C concentration. Our results show that cover crops had a short-lived effect on soil microbial communities in semiarid wheat-based rotations and irrigation could enhance soil enzyme activity. In the semiarid environment, longer time spans may have been needed to see beneficial effects of cover crops on soil microbial community structure, soil enzyme activities, and soil C sequestration.

关键词： crop rotation enzyme activity FAME profile fatty acid methyl ester winter wheat

献血感染人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者201例:应对策略及生活质量调查

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中国组织工程研究与临床康复 2007年第28期11卷 5503-5506页

作者：宁南义石川于欣陈玉芳吴尊友 Ofilio vigil Lucette A.Cysique Donald r.Franklin Jr robert K.Heaton Igor Grant 阜阳市第三人民医院安徽省阜阳市236015 北京大学精神卫生研究所北京市100083 中国疾病控制中心北京市100050 加州大学圣地亚哥分校HIV神经行为研究中心美国圣地亚哥92103

目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒患者的应对方式及生活质量。方法:本调查于2006-01/07完成。共选取201例通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒者入病例组,其中113例诊断为获得性免疫缺陷综合征。另取200例年龄、性别和受教育年... 详细信息

目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒患者的应对方式及生活质量。方法:本调查于2006-01/07完成。共选取201例通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒者入病例组,其中113例诊断为获得性免疫缺陷综合征。另取200例年龄、性别和受教育年限匹配的人类免疫缺陷病毒阴性献血者作为对照组。调查对象均签署知情同意书。采用Carver应付策略问卷简版和SF-36生存质量问卷进行调查:①Carver应付策略问卷简版:包括14个分量表,每个分量表包括两个条目,采用4级评分,1代表从来没这么做,4代表常常这样做,每个分量表粗分总分为8。②SF-36生存质量问卷:包括8个维度,各维度采用转换分数记分,最高分100分,最低分0分。生理健康总分和心理健康总分按标准分计算。分析Carver应对策略问卷的验证性因素及信度,比较两组调查对象的应对策略及生活质量,对人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者的应对方式与生活质量进行相关性分析。结果:发出问卷430份,选出内容详实问卷401份,有效率为93.3%。①Carver应付策略问卷中文版各因子的Cronbach’sα系数在0.55～0.84之间,14个因子模型验证性因素分析各拟合指标分别为χ2/df=0.49,IFI=1.05,AGFI=0.93,CFI=1.00,NNFI=1.07,MI=0.44～0.96,rMSEA=0.00,rMr=0.04。符合Carver量表的理论构想,具有很好的结构效度。②人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者前5位的应对方式是接受、积极应对、计划、使用工具支持和使用情感支持。③与对照组相比,人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者更多的采用否认、行为解脱和自责的应对方式(Pr=-0.22～-0.44,Pr=0.26,0.21和0.27,Pr=-0.14～-0.28,Prver应对策略问卷中文版具有较好的信效度。②国内通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒者主要的应对方式较积极,但相对正常对照而言,仍表现出更多的消极应对方式,且生活质量全面下降。③人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者的自责和行为解脱对生活质量存在负性影响;个体的躯体功能状况越好,越能采用问题集中应对的方式;自我健康知觉越差的被试,越有应对的动机。

关键词：供血者横断面研究 HIV感染获得性免疫缺陷综合征生活质量

203例农村有偿献血感染人类免疫缺陷病毒者的神经认知及社会生活功能

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中国心理卫生杂志 2009年第11期23卷 800-805页

作者：石川于欣梁英陈玉芳吴尊友 JIN Hua Ofilio vigil Lucette A. CYSIQUE Donald r. FrANKLIN Jr Igor GrANGT robert K. HEATON 北京大学精神卫生研究所卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室北京大学北京100191 中国疾病预防控制中心北京100050 加州大学圣地亚哥分校HTV神经行为研究中心圣地亚哥92103美国

目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的203例患者的神经认知状况和社会生活功能。方法:横断面研究,采用神经心理成套测验和日常生活能力量表对安徽阜阳203例通过献血途径感染HIV的患者进行调... 详细信息

目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的203例患者的神经认知状况和社会生活功能。方法:横断面研究,采用神经心理成套测验和日常生活能力量表对安徽阜阳203例通过献血途径感染HIV的患者进行调查,选取198例年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的HIV阴性献血者为对照。神经心理成套测验包括执行功能、词语流畅、学习、记忆、精细运动、信息处理速度和工作记忆7个认知领域。以总体缺陷分≥0.5分作为认知损害的划界分。结果:HIV阳性受试总体认知功能[(45.7±5.9)vs.(49.4±6.0),Prus,HCV)感染存在交互作用(F=5.28,PredImmune Deficiency Syndrome,AIDS)患者认知损害率分别为29.2%和43.0%。HIV阳性受试的日常生活能力下降得分高于HIV阴性受试[(0.49±1.32vs.(0.14±0.75),Pr=-0.22,P<0.01)。结论:HIV感染者7个神经认知领域均有损害,合并丙型肝炎病毒感染可加重精细运动功能损害,随着疾病进展认知损害率提高;HIV感染者日常生活能力下降、职业功能和经济收入更差。最低CD4细胞计数对神经认知功能受损有一定预测作用;神经认知功能对日常生活能力下降造成一定影响,进而影响个人和家庭的经济收入。

关键词：神经心理学 HIV/AIDS患者日常生活能力横断面研究

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对实战天基激光武器系统设计的技术需求

控制工程（北京） 2003年第5期 32-38页

作者： D.B.Founds r.rory Ninneman Michael L.vigil 潘科炎

本文系根据天基激光武器采购能力和结构研究(A&AS)项目综述的一篇技术报告。文中讨论了空军和导弹防御组织(BMDO)发展天基激光武器(SBL)所采取的现行技术途径以及为使实战SBL系统投入战场使用所必需的技术要求。A&AS项目确认了需要大力... 详细信息

本文系根据天基激光武器采购能力和结构研究(A&AS)项目综述的一篇技术报告。文中讨论了空军和导弹防御组织(BMDO)发展天基激光武器(SBL)所采取的现行技术途径以及为使实战SBL系统投入战场使用所必需的技术要求。A&AS项目确认了需要大力改进当前技术能力的几个重要技术领域:发展大型展开式光学系统,提高波阵面控制和振动控制能力,增加激光器功率。此外为研制和试验实战SBL系统并使之投入作战,还需改进远程目标捕获、跟踪和指向控制技术,空间飞行器的共性技术,建模和仿真,地面试验技术等。

关键词：天基激光武器系统防御组织实战SBL系统光学系统空间飞行器波阵面控制抖动抑制性能展开式光学系统 ATP 高能激光器

203例农村有偿献血感染HIV患者抑郁障碍及生活质量调查

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中国心理卫生杂志 2008年第7期22卷 501-504,509页

作者：宁南义石川于欣陈玉芳吴尊友 Jin Hua vigil O Cysique LA Franklin Dr Grant I Heaton rK 安徽省阜阳市第三人民医院阜阳236015 北京大学精神卫生研究所北京100083 中国疾病控制中心北京100050 加州大学圣地亚哥分校HIV神经行为研究中心 92103

目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的203例患者的情绪状况及生活质量。方法:采用贝克抑郁问卷、复合性国际诊断用检查提纲和SF-36对203例通过献血途径感染HIV的患者(HIV阳性组)及年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的198例HIV... 详细信息

目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的203例患者的情绪状况及生活质量。方法:采用贝克抑郁问卷、复合性国际诊断用检查提纲和SF-36对203例通过献血途径感染HIV的患者(HIV阳性组)及年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的198例HIV阴性献血者进行调查。结果:①HIV阳性组献血次数多于HIV阴性组(52.2±95.4/13.2±23.9,Pr=- 0.46～0.68,P<0.001)。结论:HIV阳性患者生存状况较差。对HIV阳性感染者而言,抑郁给患者生活质量造成全面的影响,抑郁和自杀风险仍然是需要干预和处理的问题。

关键词：心理健康 HIV/AIDS患者抑郁生活质量横断面研究

Water Deficit Stress Effects on Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>, L.) root:Shoot ratio

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第4期4卷 151-160页

作者： J. G. Benjamin D. C. Nielsen M. F. vigil M. M. Mikha F. Calderon Central Great Plains research Station USDA-ARS Akron USA

A study was conducted at Akron, CO, USA, on a Weld silt loam in 2004 to quantify the effects of water deficit stress on corn (Zea mays, L.) root and shoot biomass. Corn plants were grown under a range of soil bulk density and water conditions caused by previous tillage, crop rotation, and irrigation management. Water deficit stress (Dstress) was quantified by the number of days when the water content in the surface 0.3 m deviated from the water content range determined by the Least Limiting Water range (LLWr). root and shoot samples were collected at the V6, V12, and r1 growth stages. There was no significant correlation between Dstress and shoot or root biomass at the V6 growth stage. At the V12 and r1 growth stages, there were negative, linear correlations among Dstress and both root biomass and shoot biomass. The proportional decrease of shoot biomass was greater than the proportional decrease in root biomass, leading to an increase in the root:shoot ratio as water deficit stress increased at all growth stages. Determining restrictive soil conditions using the LLWr may be useful for evaluating improvement or degradation of the soil physical environment caused by soil management.

关键词： Shoot ratio Least Limiting Water range Water Stress Corn root Development Soil Environment

Ultrastructural and enzymatic alterations in the ovary of rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma rangeli

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第2期15卷 71-78页

作者： Guilherme S.Machado rosane L.Lopes Simone S.C.Oliveira Simone P.C.Freitas Jacenir r.Santos-Mallet AndréL.S.Santos Denise Feder Suzete A.O.Gomes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazil Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Insetos e Patógenos Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazil Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e resistentes Departamento de Microbiologia GeralInstituto de Microbiologia Paulo de GóesUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Piauí TeresinaPIBrazil Laboratório Interdisciplinar de vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera Instituto Oswaldo CruzFundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Universidade Iguaçu Nova IguaçuRJBrazil Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazil

Objective:To investigate the morphological structure of ovarian follicular cells and biochemical parameters of both ovaries and fat bodies(sites of vitellogenesis)from rhodnius(r.)prolixus infected with Trypanosoma(T.)***:Adult virgin females of *** were fed upon a membrane apparatus containing heat-inactivated citrated rabbit blood and a suspension of *** epimastigotes(Macias strain).Females from the control group and all the males received parasite-free *** electron microscopy was used to reveal the morphological aspects of ovarian follicle cells in both control and parasite-infected *** profile,proteolytic activities and Western blotting analyses were performed in either ovary or fat body samples of control and parasite-infected ***:According to the ultrastructural data,*** infection elicited a degeneration process in the ovarian follicular cells of *** assays indicated a reduction in the activity of aspartic peptidases in the ovary and fat body from parasite-infected group,while a significant increase in the cysteine peptidase activity was measured in both insect ***,immunoblotting revealed that vitellogenin was overexpressed in the ovary of parasite-infected ***:*** infection seems to elicit an early programmed cell death in the ovarian follicle cells as well as induces the modulation on the activities of different peptidase classes in either ovaries or fat bodies and the overexpression of the vitellogenin in the ovary of ***.

关键词： Trypanosoma rangeli rhodnius prolixus Ovarian follicle Vitellogenin Aspartic protease Cysteine protease