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The “sequential cues hypothesis”: a conceptual model to explain host location and ranking by polyphagous herbivores

Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1136-1147页

作者： rehan Silva Anthony r.clarke School of Earth.Environmental and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology(QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Successfully locating a host plant is crucial for an insect herbivore to feed and/or ***,locating a host within a complex environment that may contain an array of different plant species is a difficult *** is particularly the case for polyphagous herbivores,which must locate a host within environments that may simultaneously contain multiple suitable and unsuitable *** we review the mechanisms of host selection used by polyphagous herbivores,as well as exploring how prior experience may modify a generalist's response to host *** show that recent research demonstrates that polyphagous herbivores have the capacity to detect both common cues from multiple host species,as well as specific cues from individual host *** creates a paradox in that generalists invariably rank hosts when given a choice,a finding at odds with the“neural limitations”hypothesis that says generalist insect herbivores should not have the neural capacity to identify cues specific to every possible *** explain this paradox we propose a model,akin to parasitoid host location,that postulates that generalist herbivores use different cues sequentially in host *** propose that initially common host cues,associated with all potential hosts,are used to place the herbivore within the host habitat and that,in the absence of any other host cues,these cues are sufficient in themselves to lead to host *** such they are true “generalist”***,once within the host habitat,we propose that the presence of a smaller group of cues may lead to further host searching and the location of preferred hosts:these are“specialist”*** model explains the current conflict in the literature where generalists can respond to both common and specific host-plant cues,while also exhibiting specialist and generalist host use behavior under different conditions.

关键词： diet breadth foraging insect behavior insect-plant relationship learning neural constraints visual cues volatile cues

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From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of experience on host location by the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry John P.Cunningham Anthony r.clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenopteran parasitoids, where it is thought to be an adaptive mechanism for increasing successful host location in complex environments. Based on this learning capacity, it has been suggested that providing prerelease training to parasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii we tested this hypothesis in a series of associative learning experiments which involved the parasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then open field studies, naive wasps showed a consistent preference for nectarines over tomatoes. The preference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasps which had prior training exposure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three spatial scales, prior experience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasps, including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multiple spatial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrapolated to the field without testing. The experiment also provides direct experimental support for the proposed practice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released parasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Opiinae Tephritidae

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Development of internal COI primers to improve and extend barcoding of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini)

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 143-158页

作者： Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Mark J.Blacket Jana Batovska Melissa Starkie Anthony r.clarke Stephen L.Cameron Mark K.Schutze School of Earth Environmental&Biological SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Plant Biosecurity Co-operative research Centre BruceAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Entomology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agriculture&Fisheries Queensland Primary Industries Insect Collection(QDPC)Dutton ParkQueenslandAustralia

Accurate species-level identifications underpin many aspects of basic and applied biology;however,identifications can be hampered by a lack of discriminating morphological characters,taxonomic expertise or *** approaches,such as DNA"barcoding"of the cytochrome c oxidase(COI)gene,are argued to overcome these ***,nuclear encoding of mitochondrial genes(numts)and poor amplification success of suboptimally preserved specimens can lead to erroneous *** insect group for which these molecular and morphological problems are significant are the dacine fruit flies(Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacini).We addressed these issues associated with COI barcoding in the dacines by first assessing several"universal"COI primers against public mitochondrial genome and numt sequences for dacine *** then modified a set of four primers that more closely matched true dacine COI sequence and amplified two overlapping portions of the COI barcode *** new primers were tested alongside universal primers on a selection of dacine species,including both fresh preserved and decades-old dry ***,Bactrocera tiyoni mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were compared to identify putative *** numt clades were identified,three of which were amplified using existing universal *** contrast,our new primers preferentially amplified the"true"mitochondrial COI barcode in all dacine species *** new primers also successfully amplified partial barcodes from dry specimens for which full length barcodes were *** we recommend these new primers be incorporated into the suites of primers used by diagnosticians and quarantine labs for the accurate identification of dacine species.

关键词： Bactrocera biosecurity Dacus\minibarcodes pseudogene Zeugodacus

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基于类别空间的基因选择

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中国科学（E辑） 2003年第12期33卷 1125-1137页

作者：张军英 Y.J.Wang J.Khan r.clarke 西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理国防重点实验室 Electrical Engineering Institute The Catholic University of AmericaWashington DC20064USA Cancer Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown UniversityWashington DCUSA

基因选择通常是在基因空间中进行的.由于基因空间的维数(基因数目)比该空间中的样本数要多得多,这种做法存在严重的维数发难(curse of dimensionality)问题,其结果是在基因空间中所建立数据模型难于获得满意的精度,基于所建立模型的基... 详细信息

基因选择通常是在基因空间中进行的.由于基因空间的维数(基因数目)比该空间中的样本数要多得多,这种做法存在严重的维数发难(curse of dimensionality)问题,其结果是在基因空间中所建立数据模型难于获得满意的精度,基于所建立模型的基因选择结果可信度低.如何对具有极少样本的极高维空间进行特征选择(基因选择)是一个极具挑战性的课题.将基因空间变换为它的对偶空间,称为类别空间,从而空间的维数仅为基因空间中样本的类别数,空间中的样本数则为基因空间的维数.显然,在类别空间中不存在任何维数发难现象;提出了在类别空间中基于将不同的类尽可能分开的原则、并借助主分量分析的基于类别空间基因选择方法.对真实基因数据的基因选择实验,并通过Fisher指标、加权Fisher指标以及leave-one-out cross validation等可分性指标,与其他两种基因选择方法进行了深入的比较,结果表明该方法是十分有效的.

关键词：类别空间基因选择特征空间特征选择主分量分析维数发难 DNA微阵列数据基因诊断基因表达

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对用于涡轮机械上的优化涂层的HVOF工艺条件的评论

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表面工程 1996年第3期 46-49页

作者： r.clarke G.barbezat S.Keller A.r.Niall 朱有利全军装备维修表面工程研究中心

在磨损和腐蚀非常严重的情况下，由超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）工艺产生的涂层成功地延长了涡轮机械零件的使用寿命。在喷涂过程中，粉末粒子达到极高的冲击速度，从而形成具有高耐磨抗腐蚀能力的坚固耐用的涂层。本文介绍有关HVOF工艺、涂... 详细信息

在磨损和腐蚀非常严重的情况下，由超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）工艺产生的涂层成功地延长了涡轮机械零件的使用寿命。在喷涂过程中，粉末粒子达到极高的冲击速度，从而形成具有高耐磨抗腐蚀能力的坚固耐用的涂层。本文介绍有关HVOF工艺、涂层以及HVOF在涡轮机械上的典型应用。

关键词：涡轮机械 HVOF 工艺条件涂层优化超音速火焰喷涂

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Bremsstrahlung emission from high power laser interactions with constrained targets for industrial radiography

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 27-33页

作者： C.D.Armstrong C.M.Brenner C.Jones D.r.rusby Z.E.Davidson Y.Zhang J.Wragg S.richards C.Spindloe P.Oliveira M.Notley r.clarke S.r.Mirfayzi S.Kar Y.Li T.Scott P.McKenna D.Neely Department of Physics SUPA University of StrathclydeGlasgow G4ONGUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwellOxford0X11OQXUK Interface Analysis Centre HH Wills Physics LaboratoryTyndall AvenueBristol BS81TLUK Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Centre for Plasma Physics Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT7INNUK

Laser-solid interactions are highly suited as a potential source of high energy X-rays for nondestructive imaging.A bright,energetic X-ray pulse can be driven from a small source,making it ideal for high resolution X-ray *** limiting the lateral dimensions of the target we are able to confine the region over which X-rays are produced,enabling imaging with enhanced resolution and *** constrained targets we demonstrate experimentally a(20±3)μm X-ray source,improving the image quality compared to unconstrained foil *** demonstrates that a larger sheath field envelope around the perimeter of the constrained targets increases the proportion of electron current that recirculates through the target,driving a brighter source of X-rays.

关键词： bremsstrahlung high power laser nondestructive imaging radiography X-ray

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Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

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Use of Patient-Specific “4D” Tele-Education to Enhance Actual and Perceived Knowledge in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) Patients

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 5-17页

作者： Molly clarke Karin Hamann Nancy Klein Laura Olivieri Yue-Hin Loke Department of Inpatient Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBoston02115USA Department of Cardiology Children’s National HospitalWashington20001USA Department of Cardiology Noninvasive Cardiac ImagingUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburgh15224USA

Background:Patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)will transition to lifelong adult congenital cardiac ***,their structural heart disease is challenging to convey via two-dimensional *** study utilized a tele-educational environment,with personalized three-dimensional(3D)modeling and health Details(3D+Details=“4D”),to improve actual and perceived knowledge,both important components of transition readiness in CHD ***:Participants aged≥13 years with a history of CHD and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MrI)studies were *** MrI datasets were then used to segment and create 3D heart models(using Mimics,Materialize Inc.).Participantsﬁrst completed the MyHeart Questionnaire,a validated survey of actual knowledge.A tele-educational session was then scheduled,during which participants were shown a 3D model of a normal heart,followed by their personal 3D heart model and speciﬁc health *** then repeated the actual knowledge survey,in addition to questionnaires assessing perceived knowledge pre-and post-session,as well as a satisfaction ***:Twenty-two patients were *** knowledge increased from 75%±15%to 89%±20%(p=0.00043)and perceived knowledge increased inﬁve of seven *** knowledge correlated with perceived knowledge(r=0.608,prcent of participants ranked the 3D model as“very satisfactory”and ninety-ﬁve percent ranked the educational session as“very help-ful”or“extremely helpful.”Conclusions:The use of“4D”tele-education increased both actual and perceived knowledge and may help improve transition readiness in CHD patients.

关键词： Congenital heart disease tele-education transition

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同型半胱氨酸与缺血性心脏病和卒中的危险汇总分析

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2003年第5期22卷 275-275页

作者： r.clarke r．Collins S．Lewington，Dphil 周建烈李呈亿

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Effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Brandon Le Naomi E.clarke Nicolas Legrand Susana Vaz Nery The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesLevel 6Wallace Wurth BuildingSydneyNSW2052Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(STH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(PC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and Trichuris trichiura presents significant *** evidence indicates that community-wide PC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NTD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these *** conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin PC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic *** We searched Pubmed,EMBASE,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin PC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on STH infec-tions,and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after *** calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects *** protocol is available on PrOSPErO(registration number CrD42023401219).results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for *** studies delivered ivermectin through *** pooled prevalence reduction of *** following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without *** prevalence reduction of *** was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of *** was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against *** and *** on these findings,revising inter-national STH guidelines to include i

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Ivermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration Preventive chemotherapy

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