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利用Cryo-SEM和图像处理技术评价老化和再生沥青低温抗裂性的新方法

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中外公路 2018年第5期38卷 203-208页

作者：冯新军陈旺 Ali Mokhtari Hosin David Lee r.christopher williams 长沙理工大学道路结构与材料交通行业重点实验室湖南长沙410004 长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院

高掺量rAP沥青混合料的低温抗裂性是一个受到关注的问题,以前的研究中常使用各种再生剂使温度裂缝的数量达到最小。该文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱测定沥青的氧化程度。为了评价老化沥青和再生沥青的低温抗裂性,首先采用低温扫描电镜(CryoS... 详细信息

高掺量rAP沥青混合料的低温抗裂性是一个受到关注的问题,以前的研究中常使用各种再生剂使温度裂缝的数量达到最小。该文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱测定沥青的氧化程度。为了评价老化沥青和再生沥青的低温抗裂性,首先采用低温扫描电镜(CryoSEM)获取断裂表面的图像,然后使用图像处理技术分析Cryo-SEM图像,结合再生沥青产生的断裂面比老化沥青少。最后根据断裂指数对每种沥青的低温抗裂性进行排序。采用Cryo-SEM技术结合图像处理技术可以更加形象地观察沥青断裂表面,而且可以通过计算断裂指数来评价沥青的低温抗裂性。

关键词：老化沥青再生剂低温扫描电镜断裂表面数字图像处理显微分析

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

On sustaining the ecology and livestock industry of the Bayanbuluk Grasslands

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第1期2卷 57-63页

作者： Adrian r williams Pendragon Dryland Management Services

A short visit to the Bayanbuluk Grassland in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, PrC, revealed a number of environmental and livestock production problems, including grassland degradation, loss of grassland biodiversity, soil erosion and flash flooding downstream, decreased pasture productivity, and poor livestock nutrition (especially in winter) leading to stock losses and flocks and herds of low productivity. This paper describes those problems and then suggests some solutions. Short duration, high intensity grazing could be one of the solutions to both improving grassland condition and improving livestock nutrition. Local production of fodder crops for feeding in winter and spring deserves testing, using adapted strains of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and trialling fodder root crop production. It is important to realise that the land management objectives of scientists, administrators, herders and farmers may be similar, and that there are opportunities for land improvement through working together.

关键词： Bayanbuluk Grasslands Tianshan Mountains reversing grassland degradation improving livestock productivity

A Methodology to Measure the Environmental Impact of ICT Operating Systems across Different Device Platforms

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第3期13卷 255-263页

作者： Daniel r.williams Yinshan Tang the Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments (TSBE) Centre University of Reading the Henley Business School University of Reading

A new methodology was created to measure the energy consumption and related green house gas （GHG） emissions of a computer operating system （OS） across different device platforms. The methodology involved the direct power measurement of devices under different activity states. In order to include all aspects of an OS, the methodology included measurements in various OS modes, whilst uniquely, also incorporating measurements when running an array of defined software activities, so as to include OS application management features. The methodology was demonstrated on a laptop and phone that could each run multiple OSs, results confirmed that OS can significantly impact the energy consumption of devices. In particular, the new versions of the Microsoft Windows OS were tested and highlighted significant differences between the OS versions on the same hardware. The developed methodology could enable a greater awareness of energy consumption, during both the software development and software marketing processes.

关键词： Environment green information and communications technology operating system sustainability.

A Survey of Language-Based Approaches to Cyber-Physical and Embedded System Development

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第2期20卷 130-141页

作者： Paul Soulier Depeng Li John r. williams University of Hawaii Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)

As computers continue to advance, they are becoming more capable of sensing, interacting, and communicating with the physical and cyber world. Medical devices, electronic braking systems in automotive applications, and industrial control systems are examples of the many Cyber-Physical Systems （CPS） that utilize these computing capabilities. Given the potential consequences of software related failures in such systems, a high degree of safety, security, and reliability is often required. Programming languages are important tools used by programmers to develop CPS. They provide a programmer with the ability to transform designs into machine code. Of equal importance is their ability to detect and avoid programming mistakes. The development of CPS has predominantly been accomplished using the C programming language. Although C is a powerful language, it lacks features present in other languages that facilitate the development of reliable systems. This has prompted research into language-based alternatives for improving program quality through the use of programming languages. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of embedded and cyber-physical systems and the associated requirements imposed on programming languages. This is followed by a survey of relevant research into language- based methods for creating safe, reliable, and robust software for CPS.

关键词： cyber-physical systems embedded systems programming languages type systems

Fabrication of Electrospun Levodopa-Carbidopa Fixed-Dose Combinations

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2020年第4期2卷 194-203页

作者： Haitham Bukhary Gareth r.williams Mine Orlu UCL School of Pharmacy University College London29‑39 Brunswick SquareLondon WC1N 1AXUK Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24381Saudi Arabia

Introduction Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a disabling disorder that signifi-cantly affects a patient’s quality of life[1].Treatments are available,but only 10%of PD patients fully adhere to their treatment regimens[2].Non-adherence is a serious problem linked to worsening symptoms and increased motor fluc-tuations[3-5].Levodopa(LD)remains the most effective treatment for PD[6].However,a single dosing treatment is only effective in the early phase of the *** the severe phase,4-5 years after diagnosis,the therapeutic window of dopamine becomes narrow,and due to its short half-life of between 0.7 and 1.4 h dosing of LD will be required every 2 h[7-9].One way to ameliorate this issue is to co-admin-ister LD with carbidopa(CD),which can increase LD’s oral bioavailability to 40-70%[10].

关键词： Electrospinning Nanofiber Fixed-dose combination Polypharmacy

Numerical Simulation of Interaction Between Laminar Flow and Elastic Sheet

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2012年第2期18卷 85-89页

作者：许栋 Munjiza A williams J J r School of Engineering and Material Science Queen Mary University of London Tianjin Key Laboratory of Harbour and Ocean Engineering Tianjin University

A numerical simulation of the interaction between laminar flow with low reynolds number and a highly flexible elastic sheet is presented. The mathematical model for the simulation includes a three-dimensional finitevolume based fluid solver for incompressible viscous flow and a combined finite-discrete element method for the three-dimensional deformation of solid. An immersed boundary method is used to couple the simulation of fluid and solid. It is implemented through a set of immersed boundary points scattered on the solid surface. These points provide a deformable solid wall boundary for the fluid by adding body force to Navier-Stokes equations. The force from the fluid is also obtained for each point and then applied on the boundary nodes of the solid. The vortex-induced vibration of the highly flexible elastic sheet is simulated with the established mathematical model. The simulated results for both swing pattern and oscillation frequency of the elastic sheet in low reynolds number flow agree well with experimental data.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulation immersed boundary method combined finite-discrete element method three-dimensional flow

XMT enabled prediction of structure and permeability of flocculated structures and sediments

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2005年第12期6卷 1367-1373页

作者： williams r.A. SELOMULYA C. JIA X. Institute of Particle Science ＆ Engineering School of Process Environmental ＆ Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK ArC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials School of Chemical Engineering ＆ Industrial Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

3D visualisations of the microstructure of flocculated particulates and sediments using optical confocal laser mi- croscopy and high resolution X-ray microtomography (XMT) methods are described. Data obtained from in-situ measurements should enable direct computation of the properties of solids assembly (shape, size, contact area) and their permeability to fluids. A specific application relating to the formation of silica aggregates is described from which the behaviour of sediments containing these materials can be predicted on the basis of a bench-top test and the use of a Lattice Boltzman simulation. It is proposed that the method can potentially be used to predict trends such as the filtration behaviour of porous structures under different states of compression. This offers a significant benefit in assisting the formulation design of flocculated materials pertinent to a number of industrial sectors wishing to design optimal filtration or relevant operations.

关键词： Fluid flow Imaging Microstructure Porous media Visualization Tomography