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Lateral root elongation in maize is related to auxin synthesis and transportation mediated by N metabolism under a mixed NO_(3)^(–) and NH_(4)^(+) supply

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Journal of Integrative Agr.culture 2024年第3期23卷 1048-1060页

作者： Peng Wang Lan Yang Xichao Sun Wenjun Shi rui Dong Yuanhua Wu Guohua mi Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Pr.cessing of ministry of Agr.culture and rural Affairs Tobacco Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of resources Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjin 300191China

A mixed nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) and ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) supply can promote root growth in maize (Zea mays),however,the changes in root morphology and the related physiological mechanism under different N forms are still ***,maize seedlings were grown hydroponically with three N supplied in three different forms (NO_(3)^(–)only,75/25 NO_(3)^(–)/NH_(4)^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)only).compared with sole NO_(3)^(–)or NH_(4)^(+),the mixed N supply increased the total root length of maize but did not affect the number of axial *** main reason was the increased total lateral root length,while the average lateral root (Lr) length in each axle was only slightly *** addition,the average Lr density of 2nd whorl crown root under mixed N was also *** with sole nitrate,mixed N could improve the N metabolism of roots (such as the N influx rate,nitrate reductase (Nr) and glutamine synthase (GS)enzyme activities and total amino content of the roots).Experiments with exogenously added Nr and GS inhibitors suggested that the increase in the average Lr length under mixed N was related to the pr.cess of N assimilation,and whether the Nr mediated NO synthesis participates in this pr.cess needs further ***,an investigation of the changes in root-shoot ratio and carbon (c) concentration showed that c transportation from shoots to roots may not be the key factor in mediating lateral root elongation,and the changes in the sugar.concentration in roots further proved this ***,the synthesis and transportation of auxin in axial roots may play a key role in lateral root elongation,in which the expression of ZmPIN1B and ZmPIN9 may be involved in this *** study preliminarily clarified the changes in root morphology and explored the possible physiological mechanism under a mixed N supply in maize,which may provide some theoretical basis for the cultivation of crop varieties with high N efficiency.

关键词： maize NO_(3)^(–)/NH_(4)^(+)ratio lateral root elongation N assimilation indole-3-acetic acid

Old-growth mixed dipter.carp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke c.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipter.carp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but inter.ctions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are dir.ctly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

SArS-coV-2 breakthrough infections following inactivated vaccine vaccination induce few neutralizing antibodies against the currently emerging Omicron XBB variants

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 173-176页

作者： Fan Shen chun Liang cui-Xian Yang Ying Lu An-Qi Li Ying Duan mi Zhang c ren-rong Tian a Xing-Qi Dong Yong-Tang Zheng Wei Pang Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the chinese Academy of Sciences KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital Kunming650399China Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China

Dear Editor.cOVID-19 inactivated vaccines have been extensively administered ***,the majority of the chinese population has experiencedbreakthrough infections from SArS-coV-2 ancestral,Delta or Omicronvariants over the past three years,particularly during the wave of Omicron BA.5 and BA.7 variants at the end of 2022(Zhu et al.,2023).Subsequently,new Omicron variants,such as BQ.1,BQ.1.1,XBB,XBB.1/XBB.1.9,and XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9.1,are emerging in china(Yueetal.,2023;Zhu et al.,2023).Therefore,it is an urgentneed and a publichealth imperative to assess the extent of the immunoprotection established in this population.

关键词： breakthrough neutral Omi

Ultr.cycles consisting of macr.cycles

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chinese chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 183-188页

作者： Wen-Hui mi Teng-Yu Huang Yu-Fei Ao Xu-Dong Wang Qi-Qiang Wang De-Xian Wang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Presented here is a one-pot strategy starting from rationally designed macr.cyclic pr.cursors for the diverse constr.ction of sophisticated *** type and amount of the base were found to significantly influence the macr.cyclization *** use of 4.0 *** resulted in ultr.cycles of both types A and B while the presence of csF larger than 6.0 *** only type B *** of anion template increased the total yields and affected the distribution of the *** ultr.cycles can accommodate large organic dicarboxylates anions via multiple anion-πand hydrogen bonds,and show selectivity to the size-matched heptanedioate(c7^(2−)).Based on all possible species and relevant equilibrium constants as well as material and charge balances,a numer.cal iterative algorithm was developed and applied to fit the association constants of B2H with dicarboxylates from glutarate(c5^(2−))to octanedioate(c8^(2−)),which gave association constants up to 10^(3) L/mol.

关键词： Ultr.cycles Diversity-oriented synthesis Anion r.cognition Anion-πinter.ction

Effects of desert plant communities on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon in the proluvial fan in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia,china

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 725-737页

作者： SHEN Aihong SHI Yun mi Wenbao YUE Shaoli SHE Jie ZHANG Fenghong GUO rui HE Hongyuan WU Tao LI Hongxia ZHAO Na college of Forestry and Prataculture of Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021China School of Geography and Planning of Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021China Ningxia Hui Autonomous region Agr.cultural comprehensive Development center Yinchuan 750002China Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature reserve Administration Yinchuan 750021China Yinchuan Yinxi Ecological Protection Forest Management center Yinchuan 750002China

It is of great significance to study the effects of desert plants on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon(SOc)for maintaining the stability of the desert *** this study,we studied the responses of soil enzyme activities and SOc fr.ctions(particulate organic carbon(POc)and mineral-associated organic carbon(MAOc))to five typical desert plant communities(convolvulus tragacanthoides,Ephedra rhytidosperma,Stipa breviflora,Stipa tianschanica ***,and Salsola lar.cifolia communities)in the proluvial fan in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region,*** r.corded the plant community information mainly including the plant coverage and herb and shrub species,and obtained the aboveground biomass and plant species diversity through sample surveys in late July *** samples were also collected at depths of 0–10 cm(topsoil)and 10–20 cm(subsoil)to determine the soil physicochemical properties and enzyme *** results showed that the plant coverage and aboveground biomass of *** community were significantly higher than those of ***,***,and *** *** communities(Pctivities varied among different plant *** the topsoil,the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)andβ-1,4-glucosidas(βG)were significantly higher in *** and *** *** communities than in other plant communities(Pr POc and MAOc contents than the ***,the content of POc in the topsoil was 18.17%–42.73%higher than that in the *** str.ctural equation model(SEM)indicated that plant species diversity,soil pH,and soil water.content(SWc)were the main factors influencing POc and *** soil pH inhibited the formation of POc and promoted the formation of ***,SWc stimulated POc production and hindered MAOc *** study aimed to gain insight into the effects of desert plant c

关键词： proluvial fan desert plant community soil enzyme activity particulate organic carbon mineral-associated organic carbon Helan Mountain

Electr.chemical r.constr.ction: a new perspective on Sn metal-organic complex microbelts as robust anode for lithium storage

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rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 76-86页

作者： Jin-Ke Shen Nai-Teng Wu Li-Yuan Wang Gang Jiang Dong-Lei Guo Jin Li Gui-Long Liu Hong-Yu mi Huan Pang Xian-ming Liu Key Laboratory of Function-oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934China State Key Laboratory of chemistry and Utilization of carbon Based Energy resources School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China School of chemistry and chemical Engineering Institute for Innovative Materials and EnergyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina

Tin-based materials with high theoretical capacity and suitable working voltage are ideal anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). However, to overcome their shor.comings(volume expansion and inferior stability), the preparation pr.cesses are usually complicated and expensive. Herein, a tin-based metal-organic complex(tin 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, Sn-BDc)with one-dimensional microbelt morphology is synthesized by a facile, rapid and low-cost co-pr.cipitation method, and served as anode material for LIBs without any post-treatment. Sn-BDc exhibits a high reversible capacity with609/440 m Ah·g^(-1) at 50/2000 m A·g^(-1), and robust cycling stability of 856 m Ah·g^(-1) after 200 cycles at 200 m A·g^(-1),which are obviously superior to that of the Sn Ox/c counterparts. Moreover, an electr.chemical r.constr.ction perspective on the lithium storage mechanism of Sn-BDc is proposed by systematic ex-situ char.cterizations. The r.constr.cted SnO_(2) replaces Sn-BDc and becomes the active material in the subsequent cycles. As the by-product of the lithiation reaction, the formed Li-based metal-organic complex(Li-BDc, wrapped around the r.constr.cted SnO_(2)) plays an important role in alleviating volume expansion and accelerating the charge transfer *** work is beneficial to design and constr.ct the new electrode materials based on the electr.chemical r.constr.ction for advanced LIBs.

关键词： Electr.chemical r.constr.ction Metal-organic complex Anode Lithium storage mechanism Lithium-ion batteries

Unraveling the evolution of oxygen vacancies in TiO/cu and its role in cOhydrogenation

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Science china chemistry 2024年

作者： Ke Wang Fanxing Zhang Ning cao Ying Bao mi Yan Keping Yan Pengfei Xie State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo rare Earth resource researches and comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou college of chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Department of chemistry Western Washington University Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and chemical Engineering

The remarkable contribution of oxygen vacancies has been revealed by the operando spectroscopies for methanol synthesis from cO2hydrogeneration on the reducible metal oxide-supported copper.catalysts. However, a challenge remains in the intrinsic understanding of the evolution and advantage of oxygen vacancies for methanol synthesis. Here we prepare the TiO2–x/cu with different oxygen vacancy densities by adjusting the ball-milling frequency. At the optimal condition, a TiO2–x/cu with more oxygen vacancies delivers an excellent methanol yield of 26.5 mmol g-1h-1at 300 °c with a selectivity of more than 70%. The combined analysis of experimental char.cterizations and theoretical calculations reveals that the mutual dispersions of TiO2–xand cu driven by mechanical energy induce the electron rearrangement in the d orbital of the Ti atom and relax the Ti–O binding at the interface, which facilitates the formation of oxygen vacancies that further reduce the barrier of cO2hydrogenation to*HcOO due to higher nucleophilicity of titanium ions.

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Dir.ct-acting antivirals failed to reduce the incidence of hepatocellular.carcinoma occurrence in hepatitis c virus associated cirrhosis: A real-world study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 41-53页

作者： Xue-Mei Tao ming-Hui Zeng You-Fei Zhao Jia-Xin Han Yu-Qiang mi Liang Xu clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300192China Department of Hepatology Tianjin Second People’s HospitalTianjin 300192China Department of Hepatology Tianjin Research Institute of Liver DiseasesTianjin 300192China

BAcKGrOUND Dir.ct-acting antivirals(DAAs)revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV)-associated disease achieving high rates of sustained virological response(SVr).However,whether DAAs can reduce the occurrence of hepatocellular.carcinoma(Hcc)in patients with HcV-associated cirrhosis who are at high risk have not been *** To investigate the effect of DAAs on the occurrence of Hcc in patients with HcVassociated cirrhosis after achieving *** Of 427 inpatients with HcV-associated cirrhosis were enrolled in Tianjin Second People's Hospital from January 2014 to April 2020.118 patients weren’t r.ceived antiviral treatment with any reasons named non-antiviral treatment group,and 236 patients obtained from the 309 DAAs treatment patients according to the propensity score matching named DAAs treatment *** information and laboratory data were collected from baseline and the following ***-Meier.curve and Log-rank test were used to compare the incidence and cumulative incidence of Hcc between the two *** proportional risk regression was used to re-evaluate the risk factors for *** Hcc incidence was 4.68/100PY(95%cI,3.09-6.81)in the DAAs treatment group,while it was 3.00/100PY(95%cI,1.50-5.37)in the non-antiviral treatment group,and the relative risk was 1.82(95%cI,0.93-3.53,P>0.05).The incidence of Hcc at 12,24,36 and 48 months was 3.39%,6.36%,8.47%and 10.17%in the DAAs treatment group,and it was 0%,0%,3.39%and 9.32%in the non-antiviral treatment group,***>58[hazard ratio(Hr)=1.089;95%cI,1.033-1.147;P=0.002]and liver stiffness measurement>27.85 kPa(Hr=1.043;95%cI,1.022-1.065;P=0.000)were risk factors for Hcc in all patients(n=427),and DAAs treatment didn’t show protective *** DAAs treatment seems failed to reduce the incidence of Hcc occurrence in HcV-associated cirrhosis in 48 months,and even increased the incidence of Hcc in 36 months.

关键词： Dir.ct-acting antivirals Sustained viral response cirrhosis Hepatocellular.carcinoma risk factor

The pr.cessed c-terminus of Avrrps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WrKYs

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1769-1787页

作者： Quang-minh Nguyen Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto Hobin Kang Jiyun Moon Kieu Anh Thi Phan Geon Hui Son mi chung Suh Eui-Hwan chung Walter Gassmann Sang Hee Kim Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 Four Program) Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Life Science Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Korea Department of Plant Biotechnology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea Division of Plant Science and Technology Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Division of Life Science and research Institute of Molecular Alchemy Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea

Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and *** the plant carries resistance(r)proteins that r.cognize pathogen effectors,effector-triggered immunity(ETI)is activated,resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response(Hr).The bipartite effector Avrrps4 from Pseudomonas syringae *** has been well studied in terms of avirulence *** planta,Avrrps4 is pr.cessed into two *** cterminal fragment of Avrrps4(Avrrps4^(c))induces Hr in turnip and is r.cognized by the paired resistance proteins AtrrS1/AtrPS4 in ***,we show that Avrrps4^(c)targets a group of Arabidopsis WrKY,including WrKY46,WrKY53,WrKY54,and WrKY70,to induce its virulence ***,Avrrps4^(c)suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WrKY54 and WrKY54-mediated ***4^(c)interferes with WrKY54's binding activity to target gene SArD1 in vitro,suggesting WrKY54 is sequestered from the SArD1 promoter by Avrrps4^(c).Through the inter.ction of Avr rps4^(c)with four WrKYs,Avrrps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WrKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm,thus inhibiting their function in plant ***,our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of Avrrps4 through its c-terminus.

关键词： Avrrps4 bacterial effector effector-triggered immunity immune response suppression transcription factor WrKY