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Closing the Experiment-Modeling-Perturbation Loop in Whole-brain Neuroscience

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Neuroscience bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1212-1214页

作者： Misha b.Ahrens Janelia research Campus Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVAUSA

Understanding the mechanisms by which the central nervous system processes information,forms memories,makes decisions,and executes actions is a challenging *** is an interdisciplinary field in which cell biology,anatomy,network theory,and other scientific disciplines come together to jointly push our knowledge of brain function forward.

关键词： execute knowledge jointly

Effects of stable aqueous fullerene nanocrystal (nC_(60)) on Daphnia magna:Evaluation of hop frequency and accumulations under different conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 322-329页

作者： Xianji Yao Yiliang He bo Zhang Yongsheng Chen Joseph b. hughes School of Environmental Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China

We investigated the effects of environmental factors and properties of water-stable crystal fullerene （nC60） on the uptake of nC60 by Daphnia magna based on known accumulation in our laboratory. This study was performed for seven days using different environmental factors including temperature, pH, water hardness, concentration （density of particle）, and particle size. results demonstrated that body burden of C60 increased with time in all experiments. body burden of C60 increased with increasing concentration and particle size, and uptake of particles 〉100 nm reached their maximums more quickly than those 〈100 nm. Under high hardness in aqueous systems with lower pH and high temperature, uptake was higher than those under opposite conditions. Uptake in all batch tests reached balance within five days. both nC60 properties and environmental factors influenced uptake of nC60 by D. magna in an aqueous system. Additionally, environmental factors may have affected accumulation by changing nC60 properties, which are critical to understand the accumulation of fullerenes in aqueous systems.

关键词： C60 fullerene Daphnia magna uptake bioaccumulation

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Deadly oasis:recurrent annihilation of Cretaceous desert bryophyte colonies;the role of solar,climate and lithospheric forcing

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Juan Pedro rodríguez-Lópeza Eduardo barrón Daniel Peyrot Gary b.hughes Department of Geology.Faculty of Science.United Arab Emirates University.50009.Al Ain Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espana(IGME) Ríos Rosas 23E-28003MadridSpain School of Earth and Environment University of Western Australia.6101CrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia Centre for Energy Geosciences University of Western Australia.6101CrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia Physics Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA

Many oases(wet interdunes)are sedimentary systems characterized by high-frequency water-level oscillations,marked changes in salinity and intense biological activity at their *** are considered to be one of the most challenging environments on Earth for ecosystem *** dynamic,depositional settings are usually unfavourable for fossilization and subsequent preservation of vegetal *** paper describes bryophyte(liverwort)assemblages occurring in three successive horizons interpreted to represent(i)recurrent early successional phases of biological soil crust colonization of wet interdune margins or(ii)exceptional preservation of floating or riparian liverworts in oasis pond waters associated with a progressive fall of the interdune water *** record of in situ colonization surfaces characterized by delicate(***-free)three-dimensional structures represents an exceptional type of preservation herein associated with a rapid variation in phreatic interdune water level and the subsequent establishment of anoxic and reducing *** occurrence of exceptionally preserved liverwort colonies coincides with the sedimentary record of,at least,three seismite levels in the *** gathered from the site suggests that the water table of the oasis was controlled by a combination of(i)a positive creation of accommodation space due to subsidence associated with movement on syn-sedimentary extensional faults,and(ii)the rise and fall of the oasis water table controlled by the oscillations of the groundwater system due to orbital changes which appear to drive the variability of the climate *** groundwater levels flooded the oasis soil crusts and lead to the exceptional recurrent preservation of liverwort colonies at the oasis ***,considering the hypothesis of floating or riparian liverworts in the oasis pond waters,the fall in the level of the oasis water table placed the floating liverworts in contact with the

关键词： Oasis Cretaceous Liverworts Colonies Extensional tectonics Solar cyclicity

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Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and acetone inhibition

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第3期2卷 326-332页

作者： Yiliang HE bin ZHAO Joseph b.hughes Sung Soo HAN School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

The performances and kinetic parameters of Fenton oxidation of 2,4-and 2,6-dinitrotoluene(DNT)in water-acetone mixtures and explosive contaminated soil washing-out solutions were investigated at a laboratory *** experimental results show that acetone can be a significant hydroxyl radical scavenger and result in serious inhibition of Fenton oxidation of 2,4-and 2,*** no serious inhibition was found in contaminated soil washing-out solutions,longer reaction time was needed to remove 2,4-and 2,6-DNT completely,mainly due to the competition of hydroxyl *** oxidation of 2,4-and 2,6-DNT fit well with the first-order kinetics and the presence of acetone also reduced DNT’s degradation *** on the comparison and matching of retention time and ultraviolet(UV)spectra between high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and standards,the following reaction pathway for 2,4-DNT primary degradation was proposed:2,4-DNT→2,4-dinitro-benzaldehyde→2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid→1,3-dinitrobenzene→3-nitrophenol.

关键词： dinitrotoluenes Fenton oxidation acetone inhibition degradation kinetic reaction pathway

Nuclear Phytochrome b regulates Leaf Flattening through Phytochrome Interacting Factors

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Molecular Plant 2014年第11期7卷 1693-1696页

作者： Henrik Johansson Jon hughes Department of Plant Physiology Justus Liebig University D35390 Giessen Germany

Dear Editor, Plants are equipped with an array of photorecep- tors to measure UV-b, blue, red, and far-red light in order to monitor their light environment. However, although both synergistic and antagonistic interactions have been described between blue and red light signals （Casal, 2000）, little is known about how different light signals are inte- grated into modulate plant growth and development.

关键词： ArAbIDOPSIS PHOTOTrOPIN AUXIN PIF4 LIGHT

Epitaxially aligned single-crystal gold nanoplates formed in large-area arrays at high yield

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Nano research 2022年第1期15卷 296-303页

作者： Trevor b.Demille robert D.Neal Arin S.Preston Zijuan Liang Allen G.Oliver robert A.hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA Department of Chemistry and biochemistry University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA

Well-tailored nanomaterials with a single-crystal character provide ideal building blocks for on-chip plasmonic *** colloidal methods have demonstrated mastery over the synthesis of such structures,it has proven quite difficult to deploy these same nanomaterials on substrate surfaces in a highly deterministic manner where precise control over position and orientation is ***,we demonstrate a room-temperature two-reagent liquid-phase seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanoplates directly on substrate surfaces in arrays over a square-centimeter *** synthesis is reliant on benchtop lithographic and directed-assembly processes that give rise to single-crystal seeds of gold that express both an epitaxial relationship with the underlying substrate and the internal defect structure required to promote a two-dimensional growth *** resulting structures are highly faceted and,because seed-substrate epitaxy is imposed upon the growing nanoplates,are identically aligned on the substrate *** yields are increased to values as high as 95%using a post-processing sonication procedure that selectively removes a small population of irregularly shaped nanostructures from the substrate surface,and in doing so,gives rise to an uncompromised plasmonic *** work,therefore,advances the techniques needed to integrate single-crystal nanomaterials with wafer-based technologies and provides leading-edge capabilities in terms of defining large-area arrays of plasmonic structures with the nanoplate geometry.

关键词： nanoplates epitaxial array plasmon brij-700 block copolymer substrate

爆炸物污染土壤中2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT的生物降解中试研究

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环境科学 2007年第3期28卷 613-616页

作者：何义亮 Joseph b.hughes Sung SooHan School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332

设计采用包括土壤生物降解、反硝化以及循环混合系统构成的中试流程,模拟原位生物修复工艺,依靠污染土壤自身的生物降解过程去除2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)和2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT).结果表明,即使在温度较低的条件下(8～15℃),2,4-DNT和... 详细信息

设计采用包括土壤生物降解、反硝化以及循环混合系统构成的中试流程,模拟原位生物修复工艺,依靠污染土壤自身的生物降解过程去除2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)和2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT).结果表明,即使在温度较低的条件下(8～15℃),2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT仍可以被完全去除.两者虽然属于同分异构体,但前者的生物降解速率大大高于后者.系统可以维持自身的碱度平衡和保证无机营养供应,无需调节或补充;反硝化能够正常进行,从而防止亚硝酸根在系统内积累抑制DNT生物降解,但要彻底去除亚硝酸根及硝酸根,需要外加碳源.

关键词：土壤生物修复 2,4.DNT 2,6-DNT 反硝化

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Metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： brendan P.Norman Andrew S.Davison Juliette H.hughes Hazel Sutherland Peter J.M.Wilson Neil G.berry Andrew T.hughes Anna M.Milan Jonathan C.Jarvis Norman b.roberts Lakshminarayan r.ranganath George bou-Gharios James A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical biochemistry&Metabolic Medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK School of Sport&Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). The metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and TCA-cycle pathways. Metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. The data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria biotransformation Metabolism Metabolomics Mice

Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Shoulder Padding and Shoulder Injury in rugby Union

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 66-73页

作者： Angus hughes Matt Carré Heather Driscoll Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Advanced Manufacturing research Centre The University of SheffieldSheffield S605TZUK

Purpose To develop an understanding of the role of shoulder padding in rugby union by investigating player perceptions and attitudes towards shoulder padding and extending research into shoulder injuries in *** An online survey was distributed to past and current rugby players over 13 years old in *** related to the participants’demographic,attitudes to shoulder padding and shoulder injury *** Six hundred and sixteen rugby players responded to the survey;66.1%of respondents had worn shoulder padding at some *** age group 24-29 years old(Δr^(2)=0.03,b=−0.53,P=0.015)had an inverse association with padding effectiveness while playing experience groups 1-2 years(Δr^(2)=0.03,b=0.8,P=0.032),3-5 years(Δr^(2)=0.03,b=0.70,P=0.002)and 6-9 years(Δr^(2)=0.03,b=0.41,P=0)had a positive *** are 37.1%of respondents consider-ing shoulder padding to be effective at preventing cuts and abrasions with 21.9%finding it very effective;50.3%considered it to be effective or very effective(9.7%)at preventing contusion;45.5%wore padding for injury prevention,while 19.2%wore padding to protect from reoccurring ***/ligament damage(57.5%)and bruising(55.5%)were the most com-monly reported *** The primary reason for wearing shoulder padding was as a means of injury *** should focus on quantifying the injury preventive capabilities of shoulder ***,cuts and abrasion injuries to the shoulder are prevalent presenting new findings that these injuries are underreported.

关键词： rugby union Shoulder padding Protective equipment Epidemiology Attitudes