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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： warren Carl rusche Zachary Kidd Foster Smith South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DrC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;rYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for rYE compared to DrC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DrC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for rYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for rYE compared to DrC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DrC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain Processing ruminal Fermentation rye

Intracranial pressure is elevated at 24h post-stroke inmice

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Neuroprotection 2024年第1期2卷 60-64页

作者： Kirby E.warren rebecca J.Hood Fredrick r.Walker Neil J.Spratt School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Hunter Medical research Institute NewLambton HeightsAustralia School of Biomedicine Discipline of Anatomy and PathologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewLambton HeightsAustralia

Background:It has long been assumed that post-stroke intracranial pressure(ICP)elevation occurs because of large infarct and edema ***,we have repeatedly shown IcP elevation at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of little to no edema in *** processes are often conserved across species and types of ***,we aimed to determine if an ICP rise occurs at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of small infarct and edema volumes in ***:Mice were randomized by random number table to either photothrombotic stroke or sham surgery(n=15).Epidural ICP was recorded using a fiber optic catheter at 1 h post-stroke(baseline)and between 23 and ***:ICP was significantly higher at 24 h compared to baseline in stroke animals(n=6;10.71±6.45mmHg vs.3.74±2.20mmHg,respec-tively;p=0.03).ICP at 24 h was also significantly higher in stroke mice compared to sham(n=6;3.45±1.43mmHg;p=0.02).There was no change in ICP in sham mice(p=0.9).Edema volumes in stroke animals were small(0.04±0.04 mm3)and unlikely to have caused significant ICP ***:This study provides evidence of an edema-independent ICP elevation following small ischemic stroke in *** occurrence of this rise supports our findings in other species and suggests it is caused by a previously undescribed mechanism.

关键词： cerebraledema intracranial pressure ischemic stroke

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak ridge National Laboratory(OrNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

Blind spots in climate finance for innovation Peter.warren

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Advances in Climate Change research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： Peter.warren School of Public Policy University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

International climate finance is a sub-set of green finance and refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities,which primarily involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance in developing *** addition to continued international support for scaling low carbon solutions and facilitating replicability in developing countries,there remains an important need to increase the amount of climate finance provided to innovation,particularly demonstration(for technology innovation)and pilot implementation(for policy innovation),and to channel a greater proportion of Official Development Assistance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as industrial decarbonisation,international transport and cross-sectoral issues like cooling and behavioural insights,to accelerate the commercialisation and implementation of technological,linancial and policy solutions to contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to‘well-below'2℃ in these *** research,development and demonstration(rD&D)support with technical assistance is important in providing the route to obtain wider donor finance(concessional finance)and private finance to enable deployment through scalability and replicability.

关键词： Climate finance Climate policy Paris Agreement Official development assistance Industrial decarbonisation Sustainable cooling Behavioural insights International transport

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马克思与浪漫主义

马克思主义与现实 2024年第2期 182-191页

作者： [美]沃伦·布雷克曼闫书帝(译) 美国宾夕法尼亚大学历史系南开大学马克思主义学院

虽然马克思在青年时期就摆脱了来自浪漫主义的吸引,但学者们发现,在各种意义上,浪漫主义思想的深层结构始终存在于马克思的著作中。一些研究者认为,这一浪漫主义结构是马克思思想中带有的所谓千禧年主义、教条主义的刻板和偏执特性的成... 详细信息

虽然马克思在青年时期就摆脱了来自浪漫主义的吸引,但学者们发现,在各种意义上,浪漫主义思想的深层结构始终存在于马克思的著作中。一些研究者认为,这一浪漫主义结构是马克思思想中带有的所谓千禧年主义、教条主义的刻板和偏执特性的成因之一。但是,如果我们对浪漫主义的复杂性有着更加全面的理解,并在此基础上将其与马克思的理论联系起来进行考察,就会发现,承认其身上的浪漫主义痕迹将使马克思的形象更加丰满,即他是一个总在用现实检验自己的理论并在开放的、无止境的、发展变化着的探索中不断地反思和修正自己理论的思想家。

关键词：马克思浪漫主义德国唯心主义象征

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Sustainability: A view from the wind-eroded field

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 470-474页

作者： Andrew warren Department of Geography University College London LondonWCIH OAPUK.

This article explores the assessment of sustainability in fields subject to wind erosion. In the first part, simple sustainability audits are examined, as of soil depth and nutrients. Direct measurement of these characteristics has many problems, largely because of huge variability in space and time at all scales. Modelling still has its problems, but it may be possible to overcome many of them soon. It is true that wind erosion preferentially removes soil nutrients, but there are imponderables even here. The nutrient balance in many of these soils includes considerable input from dust. In West Africa, it has been shown that the amounts of calcium and potassium that are added in dust are sufficient to fertilize dispersed crops. In mildly acidic sandy soils, such as those found on the widespread palaeo- aeolian deposits, much of the phosphorus is fixed and unavailable to plants by the time it is removed by wind erosion, so that erosion has no added downside. Most of the nutrients carried by dust have been shown to travel close to the ground （even when they are attached to dust-sized particles）, and so are trapped in nearby fallow strips, and are thus not lost to the farming system. Second, the sustalnabillty of a whole semi-arid farming system is explored. Wind erosion in semi-arid areas （like China, the Sahel and Norflawestern Europe） generally takes place on aeolian deposits of the recent geological past. Most of these soils are deep enough to withstand centuries of wind erosion before they are totally lost to production, and some of these soils have greater fertility at greater depth （so that wind erosion may even improve the soil）. Finally some remarks are made about environmental change in relation to sustainability.

关键词： sustartinability wind erosion nutrient budget environmental change

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Validation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) reference Genes for Quantitative real-time rT-PCr Normalization

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第5期39卷 384-390页

作者： Andrew DODD Daniel LA warren C. MCNABB Donald r. LOVE School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Food and Health Group AgResearch Grasslands Private Bag 11008 Tennant Drive Palmerston North New Zealand

The normalization of quantitative real time rT-PCr (qrT-PCr) is important to obtain accurate gene expression data. The most common method for qrT-PCr normalization is to use reference, or house- keeping genes. However, there is emerging evidence that even reference genes can be regulated under different conditions, qrT-PCr has only recently been used in terms of zebrafish gene expression studies and there is no validated set of reference genes. This study characterizes the expression of nine possible reference genes during zebrafish embryonic development and in a zebrafish tissue panel. All nine reference genes exhibited variable expression. The β-actin, EF1α and rp113α genes comprise a validated reference gene panel for zebrafish developmental time course studies, and the EF1α, rp113α and 18S rrNA genes are more suitable as a reference gene panel for zebrafish tissue analysis. Importantly, the zebrafish GAPDH gene appears unsuitable as reference gene for both types of studies.

关键词： zebrafish quantitative real-time rT-PCr housekeeping genes GAPDH gene GeNorm

Phylogenetic positions of two marine ciliates, Metanophrys similis and Pseudocohnilembus hargisi (Protozoa, Ciliophora,Scuticociliatia), inferred from complete small subunit rrNA gene sequences

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 373-378页

作者： Alan warren Department of Zoology The Natural History Museum Cromwell road London SW7 5BD UK

The small subunit rrNA (SSrrNA) gene was sequenced for two marine scuticociliates Metanophrys similis and Pseudocohnilembus hargisi. The results show that this gene comprises 1763 and 1753 nucleotides in the two marine ciliates respectively. Metanophrys similis is phylogenetically closely related to the clade containing Mesanophrys carcini and Anophyroides haemophila, which branches basally to other species within the order Philasterida. Pseudocohnilembus hargisi groups with its congener, P. marinus, with strong bootstrap support. Paranophrys magna groups with the clade including Cohnilembus and Uronema, representing a sister clade to that containing the two Pseudocohnilembus species.

关键词： phytogeny protozoa scuticociliate Metanophrys similis Pseudocohnilembus hargisi.

Concurrent Learning-based Approximate Feedback-Nash Equilibrium Solution of N-player Nonzero-sum Differential Games

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2014年第3期1卷 239-247页

作者： rushikesh Kamalapurkar Justin r.Klotz warren E.Dixon the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida

This paper presents a concurrent learning-based actor-critic-identifier architecture to obtain an approximate feedback-Nash equilibrium solution to an infinite horizon Nplayer nonzero-sum differential *** solution is obtained online for a nonlinear control-affine system with uncertain linearly parameterized drift *** is shown that under a condition milder than persistence of excitation(PE),uniformly ultimately bounded convergence of the developed control policies to the feedback-Nash equilibrium policies can be *** results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed technique without an added excitation signal.

关键词： Games Convergence Learning (artificial intelligence) Stability analysis Function approximation Trajectory

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奥运选手借助科技手段迎战极端高温

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第12期 30-34页

作者： Ira Boudway Kendra Pierre-Louis Hayley warren Jin Wu 程玺(译) 孟洁冰(译) 不详

从穿戴式热传感器到充气式冰块池,奥运选手们各显神通,调整训练和比赛方式,以迎战极端高温对于代表美国队参加巴黎奥运会的精英山地自行车运动员克里斯托弗·布莱文斯(Christopher Blevins)来说,不适是比赛的常态。“当你在一个半小时... 详细信息

从穿戴式热传感器到充气式冰块池,奥运选手们各显神通,调整训练和比赛方式,以迎战极端高温对于代表美国队参加巴黎奥运会的精英山地自行车运动员克里斯托弗·布莱文斯(Christopher Blevins)来说,不适是比赛的常态。“当你在一个半小时内拼尽了全力,感觉良好是不可能的,”布莱文斯说,他也参加了上届东京夏季奥运会。

关键词：奥运选手夏季奥运会美国队极端高温克里斯托弗充气式训练和比赛山地自行车运动