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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 1-15页

作者： Mohan Malu thangaraj Jeromie W. V. Pandey Sumit Priya G. Sri Lakshmi Arunachalam Sivavallinathan Sharma rahul Shewade Hemant Deepak Aishwarya B. Afeeq K. Khatoon Afsana Gokulvijay B. Sireesha Gude Chandra Kavita Nandhakumar S. Samuel Prince Viswanathan C. Nanditha Shanmugasundaram Devika rao raghuram Murhekar Manoj V. Jeyashree Kathiresan Indian Council of Medical research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127 TNHB Ayapakkam Chennai Tamil Nadu India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India Central Tuberculosis Division Government of India New Delhi India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB (PwTB). Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews, guided the coding of the subsequent interviews. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation. However, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

The ecological response of natural phytoplankton population and related metabolic rates to future ocean acidification

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第3期40卷 999-1011页

作者： Haijiao LIU Yuying ZHAO Chao WU Wenzhe XU Xiaodong ZHANG Guicheng ZHANG Satheeswaran thangaraj Jun SUN research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China College of Marine Science and Technology China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Department of Marine Science Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

Ocean acidifi cation(OA)and global warming-induced water column stratification can signifi cantly alter phytoplankton-related biological activity in the marine *** how these changes may play out in the tropical Indian Ocean remains *** study investigated the ecological and metabolic responses of the different phytoplankton functional groups to elevated CO_(2) partial pressure and nitrate deficiency in two different environments of the eastern Indian Ocean(EIO).It is revealed that phytoplankton growth and metabolic rates are more sensitive to inorganic nutrients rather than CO_(2).The combined interactive effects of OA and N-limitation on phytoplankton populations are functional *** particular,the abundance and calcification rate of calcifying coccolithophores are expected to be enhanced in the future *** underlying mechanisms for this enhancement may be ascribed to coccolithophore’s lower carbon concentrating mechanisms(CCMs)efficiency and OA-induced[HCO^(-)_(3)]*** comparison,the abundance of non-calcifying microphytoplankton(e.g.,diatoms and dinoflagellates)and primary productivity would be inhibited under those *** erent from previous laboratory experiments,interspecifi c competition for resources would be an important consideration in the natural phytoplankton *** combined factors would roughly determine calcifying coccolithophores as“winners”and non-calcifying microphytoplankton as“losers”in the future ocean *** to the large species-specific differences in phytoplankton sensitivity to OA,comprehensive investigations on oceanic phytoplankton communities are essential to precisely predict phytoplankton ecophysiological response to ocean acidification.

关键词： natural phytoplankton community ocean acidification coccolithophore calcification primary productivity eastern Indian Ocean

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Effect of various ratios of poly(3-hexylthiophene)with polyvinyl alcohol gel-polymer electrolytes in flexible sodium-ion batteries using Samanea saman tree-leaf-derived carbon quantum dots decorated with SnO_(2)and NaVO_(3)

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Clean Energy 2022年第1期6卷 226-237页

作者： Baskar.thangaraj Nutthapon Wongyao Pravin raj Solomon Wachira Chaiworn Surawut Chuangchote Werasak Surareungchai Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkhuntien-chaitalay RoadThakamBangkok 10150Thailand Fuel Cells and Hydrogen research and Engineering Center Pilot Plant Development and Training InstituteKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok 10140Thailand Department of research and Development Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research InstituteMadurai 625009Tamil NaduIndia Department of Tool and Materials Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangmodBangkok 10140Thailand research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangmodBangkok 10140Thailand School of Bioresources and Technology Nanoscience&Nanotechnology Graduate ProgrammeFaculty of ScienceKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkhuntien-chaitalay RoadThakamBangkok 10150Thailand

Gel-polymer electrolytes with high thermal stability and mechanical properties were considered suitable in rechargeable batteries so as to overcome the problems encountered in liquid *** a previous study,flexible sodium-ion batteries(FSIBs)were fabri-cated using electrodes made of carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated with SnO_(2) and NaVO_(3) utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/P3HT gel-polymer electrolyte at a ratio of 1:*** addition,various separators such as indium-doped tin oxide/polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether(ITO/PTE),rice paper(rP),silicone with three big holes(SIL BH),silicone with many small holes(SIL SH)and cellulose paper(CP)were tested in flexible Na-ion *** SIL SH delivered a high specific discharge capacity of 4246 mAh g^(-1) in the initial cycle at 2 V and maintained a value of 71 mAh g^(-1) in the 50th *** the aim of improving the cyclic ability of FSIBs,different weight ratios of PVA/P3HT(1:0.025,1:0.05,1:0.1,1:0.15,1:0.2)were tried in this work using the electrodes CQDs@SnO_(2) and CQDs@NaVO_(3).The above ratios were referred to as B25,B50,B100,B150 and B200,*** SH was used as a *** voltammetry studies indicated that B150 had a high specific capacitance of 13062 F g^(-1).B25 and B100 exhibited high discharge capacities(171 mAh g^(-1))and(151 mAh g^(-1))compared to that of other ratios B50(75 mAh g^(-1)),B150(88 mAh g^(-1))and B200(54 mAh g^(-1))in the 50th cycle at 2.0 *** study reveals the scope of developing FSIBs of high capacity and cyclability at different voltages using carbonaceous electrodes and gel-polymer electrolytes with different ratios of PVA/*** focus of the present study is to bring out the optimum ratio of PVA/P3HT for maximizing the cyclic ability of FSIBs.

关键词： biomass carbon quantum dots gel-polymer electrolytes energy storage flexible Na-ion battery

Assessment of the Solid Waste Disposal Method during COVID-19 Period Using the ELECTrE Ⅲ Method in an Interval-Valued q-rung Orthopair Fuzzy Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第6期131卷 1229-1261页

作者： Samayan Narayanamoorthy Arumugam Anuja J.V.Brainy thangaraj Manirathinam Subramaniam Pragathi Thirumalai Nallasivan Parthasarathy Daekook Kang Department of Mathematics Bharathiar UniversityCoimbatore641046India Department of Industrial and Management Engineering Inje UniversityGimhae50834Korea

As the quantity of garbage created every day rises,solid waste management has become the world’s most important *** a result,improper solid waste disposal and major sanitary issues develop,which are only detected after they have become *** to the system’s lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic,this scenario became much more *** are at the stage to develop and execute effective waste management procedures,as well as long-term policies and forward-thinking programmes that can work even in the most adverse of *** incorporate major solid waste(organic and inorganic solid wastes)approaches that actually perform well in normal cases by reducing waste and environmental disasters;however,in such an uncertain scenario like the COVID-19 pandemic,the project automatically allows for a larger number of criteria,all of which are dealt with using fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making(MCGDM)*** ELECTrE Ⅲ(ELimination Et Choice Translating rEality-Ⅲ)approach,which is a novel decision-making strategy for determining the best way to dispose and reduce garbage by combining traditional ELECTrE Ⅲ with an interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy set(IVq-rOFS),is described in detail in this *** confirm the efficacy of the recommended model,a numerical explanation is provided,as well as sensitivity and comparative ***,the findings encourage decision-makers in authorities to deliberate about the proposals before creating solid waste management policies.

关键词： MCDM organic waste inorganic waste ELECTrEⅢ interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy number

AN M/M/C rETrIAL QUEUEING SYSTEM WITH BErNOULLI VACATIONS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第2期18卷 222-242页

作者： B.Krishna KUMAr r.rUKMANI V.thangaraj Department of Mathematics College of EngineeringAnna UniversityChennai600 025India Department of Mathematics Pachaiyappa's CollegeChennai600030India ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of MadrasChennai600 005India

In this paper, a steady-state Markovian multi-server retrial queueing system with Bernoulli vacation scheduling service is studied. Using matrix-geometric approach, various interesting and important system performance measures are obtained. Further, the probability descriptors like ideal retrial and vain retrial are provided. Finally, extensive numerical illustrations are presented to indicate the quantifying nature of the approach to obtain solutions to this queueing system.

关键词： retrial queue Bernoulli vacation matrix-geometric methods busy period vain retrial ideal retrial

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Generation of ultra-wide and flat optical frequency comb based on electro absorption modulator

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Optoelectronics Letters 2018年第3期14卷 185-188页

作者： Ujjwal Jaisingh thangaraj Department of Electronics Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)

A novel technique is proposed for the generation of ultra-wide and flat optical frequency comb(OFC)based on serially cascading three stages of electro absorption modulators(EAMs)through sinusoidal radio frequency(rF)signals by setting frequencies at f GHz,f/2 GHz and f/4 ***,the first stage acts as subcarrier generator,the second stage acts as subcarrier doubler,and the third stage acts as subcarrier *** addition,a higher number of subcarriers can easily be generated by adjusting the driving sinusoidal rF *** this paper,cascading three stages of EAMs driven by50 GHz,25 GHz and 12.5 GHz clock sources,we obtain 272 subcarriers with spacing of 2.5 GHz and power deviation within 1 d *** analysis of serially cascaded EAMs for subcarrier generation is also *** analysis and simulation of this technique are demonstrated.

关键词： Generation of ultra-wide and flat optical frequency electro absorption modulator

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Phenotypic heterogeneity of mutations in androgen receptor gene

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第2期9卷 147-179页

作者： Singh rajender Lalji Singh Kumarasamy thangaraj Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad 500007 India

Androgen receptor （Ar） gene has been extensively studied in diverse clinical conditions. In addition to the point mutations, trinucleotide repeat （CAG and GGN） length polymorphisms have been an additional subject of interest and controversy among geneticists. The polymorphic variations in triplet repeats have been associated with a number of disorders, but at the same time contradictory findings have also been reported. Further, studies on the same disorder in different populations have generated different results. Therefore, combined analysis or review of the published studies has been of much value to extract information on the significance of variations in the gene in various clinical conditions. Ar genetics has been reviewed extensively but until now review articles have focused on individual clinical categories such as androgen insensitivity, male infertility, prostate cancer, and so on. We have made the first effort to review most the aspects of Ar genetics. The impact of androgens in various disorders and polymorphic variations in the Ar gene is the main focus of this review. Additionally, the correlations observed in various studies have been discussed in the light of in vitro evidences available for the effect of Ar gene variations on the action of androgens.

关键词： androgen receptor androgen insensitivity prostate cancer breast cancer CAG repeat GGN repeat

Scope of biodiesel from oils of woody plants:a review

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Clean Energy 2020年第2期4卷 89-106页

作者： Baskar.thangaraj Pravin raj Solomon Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkhuntienchaitalay RoadThakamBangkok-10150Thailand School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA-Deemed UniversityThanjavur-613402Tamil NaduIndia

Non-edible oils obtained from chosen non-conventional woody plants are considered as potential raw materials for biodiesel *** plants mostly grow in *** characteristics of these oils as raw material are very much in tune with the properties of biodiesel such as long-chain hydrocarbon,having an adequate level of unsaturation with branched *** primary methods are being followed to make biodiesel from vegetable *** are direct use through blending,microemulsion,thermal cracking(pyrolysis)and ***-edible oil would eliminate the issue of food vs *** biodiesel manufactured from oils of woody plants may partially reduce the demand for liquid-fuel energy and addresses the environmental consequences of using fossil *** from a total of 17 species of woody plants(Angiosperms)belonging to 14 families are considered in this *** habit,habitat and geographical distribution of each species are also *** physico-chemical properties of their oil,with special reference to the fatty-acid profile that ultimately decides the characteristics of the biodiesel prepared from them,are reviewed.

关键词： woody plant oils biodiesel transesterification biodiesel properties

Free radical scavenging property and antiproliferative activity of rhodiola imbricata Edgew extracts in HT-29 human colon cancer cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 11-19页

作者： ravichandran Senthilkumar.thangaraj Parimelazhagan Om Prakash Chaurasia r.B.Srivastava Bioprospecting Laboratory Department of BotanySchool of Life SciencesBharaihiar University.Coimbatore-641046Tamil NaduIndia DIHAr Defence Research Development OrganizationLeh-LadakhJammu and KashmirIndia Directorate of Life Sciences.DrDO Head Quarters New Delhi-110011India

Objective:To investigate the in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of rhizome extracts of rhodiola imbricata(***) in HT-29 human colon cancer cell ***:The successively extracted rhizome of *** using various solvents was analyzed for their total phenolics,tannins and flavonoid *** vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by employing different assays,including DPPH,ABTS radical scavenging assays,FrAP, phosphomolybdenum reduction assay,superoxide anion,hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and metal chelating ***:Acetone and methanol extracts recorded higher phenolic content and showed comparable antioxidant activity with standard ***,they also inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells upon treatment at higher concentration(200μg/mL) (acetone and methanol,84%and 84%.respectively).On examination acetone extract exhibited antiproliferative activity in a concentration dependent manner whereas,methanol extract showed both dose dependent and lime dependent inhibitory ***:The results obtained justify the traditional usage of *** from their promising antioxidant activity.

关键词： rhodiola imbricata Antioxidant activity Phenolics Flavonoids Adenocarcinoma cell lines