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NADPH oxidase-1 deficiency offers little protection in Salmonella typhimurium-induced typhlitis in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10158-10165页

作者： Fong-Fong Chu r.steven esworthy James H Doroshow Binghui Shen Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Center for Cancer research and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis National Cancer Institute

AIM To test whether Nox1 plays a role in typhlitis induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium(S. Tm) in a mouse *** Eight-week-old male wild-type(WT) and Nox1 knockout(KO) C57BL6/J(B6) mice were administered metronidazole water for 4 d to make them susceptible to S. Tm infection by the oral route. The mice were given plain water and administered with 4 different doses of S. Tm by oral gavage. The mice were followed for another 4 d. From the time of the metronidazole application, the mice were observed twice daily and weighed daily. The ileum, cecum and colon were removed for sampling at the fourth day post-inoculation. Portions of all three tissues were fixed for histology and placed in rNAlater for m rNA/c DNA preparation and quantitative real-time PCr. The contents of the cecum were recovered for estimation of S. Tm *** We found Nox1-knockout(Nox1-KO) mice were not more sensitive to S. Tm colonization and infection than WT B6 mice. This conclusion is based on the following observations:(1) S. Tm-infection induced similar weight loss in Nox1-KO mice compared to WT mice;(2) the same S. Tm CFU was recovered from the cecal content of Nox1-KO and WT mice regardless of the inoculation dose, except the lowest inoculation dose(2 × 106 CFU) for which the Nox1-KO had one-log lower CFU than WT mice;(3) there is no difference in cecal pathology between WT and Nox1-KO groups; and(4) there are no S. Tm infection-induced changes in gene expression levels(IL-1b, TNF-α, and Duox2) between WT and Nox1-KO groups. The Alpi gene expression was more suppressed by S. Tm treatment in WT than the Nox1-KO cecum. CONCLUSION Nox1 does not protect mice from S. Tm colonization. Nox1-KO provides a very minor protective effect against S. Tm infection. Using NOX1-specific inhibitors for colitis therapy should not increase risks in bacterial infection.

关键词： Knockout mouse NADPH Oxidase-1 Salmonella typhimurium Goblet cells reactive oxygen species

Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell rNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the Northern Hemisphere

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 1-42页

作者： steven r.MANCHESTEr Kazuhiko UEMUrA Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida National Museum of Nature and Science

We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably kn... 详细信息

ract>We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably known from the fossil record. Most of these are woody (with two exceptions), and most are today either broadly East Asian, or more specifically confined to Sino-Japanese subcategory rather than being endemic to the Sino-Himalayan area. Of the "eastern Asian endemic" genera so far known from the fossil record, the majority formerly occurred in Europe and/or North America, indicating that eastern Asia served as a late Tertiary or Quaternary refugium for taxa. Hence, many of these genera may have originated in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere and expanded their ranges across continents and former sea barriers when tectonic and climatic conditions al- lowed, leading to their arrival in eastern Asia. Although clear evidence for paleoendemism is provided by the gymnosperms Amentotaxus, Cathaya, Cephalotaxus, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Ginkgo, Ketel-eeria, Metasequoia, Nothotsuga, Pseudolarix, Sciadopitys, and Taiwania, and the angiosperms Cercidiphyllum, Choerospondias, Corylopsis, Craigia, Cyclocarya, Davidia, Dipelta, Decaisnea, Diplopanax, Dipteronia, Em-menopterys, Eucommia, Euscaphis, Hemiptelea, Hovenia, Koelreuteria, Paulownia, Phellodendron, Platycarya, Pteroceltis, rehderodendron, Sargentodoxa, Schizophragma, Sinomenium, Tapiscia, Tetracentron, Toricellia, Trapella, and Trochodendron, we cannot rule out the possibility that neoendemism plays an important role especially for herbaceous taxa in the present-day flora of Asia, particularly in the Sino-Himalayan region. In addition to reviewing paleobotanical occurrences from the literature, we document newly recognized fossil occurrences that expand the geographic and stratigraphic ranges previously known for Dipelta, Pteroceltis, and Toricellia.

关键词： Cretaceous eastern Asia endemic paleobotany phytogeography Tertiary

Pathophysiology and treatment of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3762-3772页

作者： Daniel S Oh steven r DeMeester Department of Surgery The University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GErD) affects an estimated 20% of the population in the United States. About 10%-15% of patients with GErD develop Barrett’s esophagus, which can progress to adenocarcinoma, currently the most prevalent type of esophageal cancer. The esophagus is normally lined by squamous mucosa, therefore, it is clear that for adenocarcinoma to develop, there must be a sequence of events that result in transformation of the normal squamous mucosa into columnar epithelium. This sequence begins with gastroesophageal reflux, and with continued injury metaplastic columnar epithelium develops. This article reviews the pathophysiology of Barrett’s esophagus and implications for its treatment. The effect of medical and surgical therapy of Barrett’s esophagus is compared.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Barrett’s esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter Esophageal motility Proton pump inhibitors Antireflux surgery

Interannual and latitudinal variability of the thermosphere density annual harmonics

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Interannual and latitudinal variability of the thermosphere ...

Long-term antifibrotic action of interferon-γ treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： Jeffrey M.Forbes Eric Sutton r.steven Nerem Sean Bruinsma Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderColorado USA. Department of Terrestrial and Planetary Geodesy Centre National d'Etudes SpatialesToulouseFrance.

[1]In this paper we investigate the intra-annual variation in thermosphere neutral density near 400 km using 4 years(2002-2005) of CHAMP *** intra-annual variation,commonly referred to as the "semiannual variation," is characterized by significant latitude structure,hemispheric asymmetries,and interannual *** magnitude of the maximum yearly difference,from the yearly minimum to the yearly maximum,varies by as much as 60%from year to year,and the phases of the minima and maxima also change by 20-40 days from year to *** annual harmonic of the intraannual variation,namely,annual,semiannual,terannual and quatra-annual,exhibits a decreasing trend from 2002 through 2005 that is correlated with the decline in solar *** addition,some variations in these harmonics are correlated with geomagnetic activity,as represented by the daily mean value of *** empirical models of the thermosphere are found to be deficient in capturing most of the latitude dependencies discovered in our *** addition,the solar flux and geomagnetic activity proxies that we have employed do not capture some latitude and interannual variations detected in our *** is possible that these variations are partly due to other effects,such as seasonallatitudinal variations in turbopause altitude(and hence O/N composition) and ionosphere coupling processes that remain to be discovered in the context of influencing the intraannual variations depicted *** results provide a new data set to challenge and validate thermosphere-ionosphere general circulation models that seek to delineate the thermosphere intra-annual variation and to understand the various competing mechanisms that may contribute to its existence and *** furthermore suggest that the term "intra-annual" variation be adopted to describe the variability in thermosphere and ionosphere parameters that is well-captured through a superposition of annual, semiannual,terannual,and quatra-annual

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第2期10卷 151-157页

作者： Peter r Mertens steven Dooley Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Otto-von-Guericke-University First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Molecular Hepatology-Alcohol Dependent Diseases II. Medical Clinic Faculty of Medicine at MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg

BACKGrOUND:The first priority in treating fibrosis is to eliminate the causes that result in liver injury,e.g.,hepatitis B and C ***,in many liver diseases the cause is either unknown or *** present study was designed to investigate the long-term antifibrotic effect of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)treatment in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. METHODS:A total of 42 patients,30 treated with IFN-γand 12 controls,were enrolled from an original clinical trial(Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:819.).Three serial liver biopsies that were obtained at the initiation and end of IFN-γtreatment as well as 4 to 6 years after treatment discontinuation were assessed according to the modified Chevallier scoring system. rESULTS:Twenty-five out of 30 IFN-γ-treated patients were followed up until 4 to 6 years after the treatment was stopped. However,all controls were excluded from follow-up due to death,loss and elevated virus level within 2 ***-five IFN-γ-treated patients had stable serum liver function and liver fibrosis indices without any further antiviral or anti-fibrotic *** inflammatory and fibrotic scores were found after nine months of IFN-γtreatment according to the modified Chevallier scoring system(inflammation:11.8±6.5 at the beginning of IFN-γtreatment vs.9.2±4.1 after 9 months, Prosis:15.0±7.3 at baseline vs.12.6±6.8 after 9 months, Prd serial liver biopsy 4 to 6 years after treatment discontinuation,and the fibrotic score was increased(14.2±8.3 vs.11.9±7.6 after 9 months, Preatment significantly improves the fibrosis score in patients with chronic HBV *** majority of patients demonstrate stable serum biochemical indices and quality of ***,they do not show a long-term benefit according to histological criteria. Given the limited sample size,long-term IFN-γtreatment regimens should be assessed in further

关键词： hepatic stellate cells hepatitis B virus liver fibrosis inflammation interferon-gamma

Testosterone and benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 212-216,I0007页

作者： Thomas r Jarvis Bilal Chughtai steven A Kaplan Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA.

The use of testosterone to treat the symptoms of late-onset hypogonadal men has increased recently due to patient and physician awareness. However, concerns regarding the effect of testosterone on the prostate, in particular any possible effect on the risk of prostate cancer have prompted further research in this regard. Surprisingly, numerous retrospective or small, randomized trials have pointed to a possible improvement in male lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） in patients treated with testosterone. The exact mechanism of this improvement is still debated but may have a close relationship to metabolic syndrome. For the clinician, the results of these studies are promising but do not constitute high levels of evidence. A thorough clinical examination （including history, examination and laboratory testing of testosterone） should be undertaken before considering the diagnosis of late-onset hypogonadism or instigating treatment for it. Warnings still remain on the testosterone supplement product labels regarding the risk of urinary retention and worsening LUTS, and these should be explained to patients.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia lower urinary tract symptoms metabolic syndrome X testosterone urinary bladder neck obstruction

Validity of continuous-failure-state unloading triaxial tests as a means to estimate the residual strength of rocks

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第4期13卷 717-726页

作者： Gabriel Walton steven Gaines Leandro r.Alejano Department of Geology and Engineering Geology Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA Natural resources Canada CanmetMININGOttawaOntarioK1A 1M1Canada Department of Natural resources and Environmental Engineering Universidad de VigoVigo36310Spain

The residual strength of rocks and rock masses is an important parameter to be constrained for analysis and design purposes in many rock engineering applications.A residual strength envelope in principal stress space is typically developed using residual strength data obtained from compression tests on many different specimens of the same rock *** this study,we examined the potential for use of the continuous-failure-state testing concept as a means to constrain the residual strength envelope using a limited number of ***,cylindrical specimens of three rock types(granodiorite,diabase,and Stanstead granite)were unloaded at the residual state such that a full residual strength envelope for each individual specimen was *** a residual strength model that introduces a single new strength parameter(the residual strength index,or rSI),the results of the continuous-failurestate unloading tests were compared to conventionally obtained residual strength ***,the continuous-failure-state residual strength data were found to be consistent with the conventional residual strength ***,it was identified that the primary factor limiting an accurate characterization of the residual strength for a given rock type is not the amount of data for a given specimen,but the variety of specimens available to characterize the inherent variability of the rock unit of ***,the use of continuous-failure-state testing for estimation of the residual strength of a rock unit is only recommended when the number of specimens available for testing is very limited(i.e.<5).

关键词： residual strength Continuous-failure-state testing Compression testing Brittle rock mechanics

Expression and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse Gpx2 Gene Encoding the Gastrointestinal Form of Glutathione Peroxidase, GPX-GI

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 156-162页

作者： FONG-FONG CHU r. steven esworthy YE SHIH HO MArGIT BErMEISTEr KrISTINE SWIDErEK AND rOSEMArY W. ELLIOTT(Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Midical Center, Duarte,CA91010, USA Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics,Mintal Health research Department of Medical Oncology City of Hope Medical Center Duarte CA 91010 USA.

GPX-GI is a cytosolic tetrameric Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, similar in properties to GPX-1. Unlike the almost ubiquitous GPX-1, GPX-GI is mainly expressed in the epithelium of gastrointestinal tract. GPX-GI contributes to at least fifty percent of GPX activity in rodent small intestmal epithelium. The total GPX activity consists of at least 70% of selenium-dependent GPX activity in this *** analyzing a panel of mouse mterspecies DNA from the Jackson Laboratory's backcross resource,we mapped Gpx2 gene to mouse chromosome 12 between D12Mit4 and D12Mit5, near the Ccs1 locus which contains a colon cancer susceptibility gene. A pseudogene, Gpx2-ps is mapped to mouse chromosome *** of Gpx2 gene expression in three pairs of C57BL/6Ha and ICr/Ha mice which are respectively resistant and sensitive to dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer, we found a higher Gpx2 mrNA level in C57BL/6Ha colon than ICr/Ha colon. Interestingly, a lower level of GPX activity is found in the resistant strain of mice. Because GPX-1 has three times higher specific activity than GPX GI, our data suggest that the decreased GPX activity may result from a higher level of Gpx2 gene expression in those cells co-express GPx1 gene

关键词： GPX-GI GPx gene Form Expression and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse Gpx2 Gene Encoding the Gastrointestinal Form of Glutathione Peroxidase GI